Syriac (Aramaic) vs. Ethiopic! Comparing two ancient Semitic languages with the Lord's Prayer
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- čas přidán 30. 05. 2023
- Syriac (Aramaic) and Ge'ez (Ethiopic) are two of the coolest ancient Semitic languages that you've probably never heard of. In this video, I compare the similarities and differences between these languages and how they relate to other Semitic languages like Hebrew, Arabic, or Akkadian.
I've always found Ge'ez to be very familiar to me as I consider it a type of African Aramaic. Fair warning though. I'm not as proficient in Ge'ez, what is also known as Ethiopic, as I am in other Semitic languages like Syriac (the Aramaic dialect from ancient Edessa). That means I may pronounce things like a Ferenji. If you've never heard of these languages before, I encourage you to delve deeper into them and those who still utilize them, whether through liturgical prayers or in their modern descendants (if we may call the modern languages descendants).
NOTE: I made a typo that emerges around the 26 minute mark. The commentary found between 26:50-27:06 was based on that typo.
For more content on Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, please check out @PhilosophyofArtandScience The Philosophy of Art and Science podcast.
#Aramaic #Semitic #polyglot
APOLOGIES! The comments from 26:20-27:05 reflect a typo that I made in the slide. Rather than catching the typo as I read it, I proceeded with the commentary (I have since blurred out the image of the incorrect letter). The word nesyuno ܢܣܝܘܢܐ is spelled with a simkath ܣ, not a soda ܨ. The root nsy ܢܣܝ in Syriac and נסה in Hebrew both mean 'to test, to try.' The connection to mensut መንሱት in Ge'ez is via the root nsy. Please forgive the oversight and any confusion that may have caused.
Good Day Professor, do you teach these languages?
@@Milz031 Yes, I teach several semitic languages: these days I'm teaching Biblical Aramaic, Syriac, Akkadian, and Hebrew. Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic) is taught at our institution by another faculty member.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Is this done online?
@@Milz031 Yes. Send an email to professorwingert@gmail.com if you'd like to be put on a mailing list when these are offered.
One thing you should have to consider is that the Geez bible is written in poetic form. I think poetic way of expressing and writing things was the norm back then.
Owwww.... this blew my mind. I watched a youtube video a while back where people were comparing Amharic with Aramaic and I was very astonished by the similarities. But with Geez, it looks the similarity is on another level. I do the lords prayer in Geez and I'm very pleased to find out that it was translated almost word for word from how our lord Jesus thought us to pray.
Thank you very much for this video.
The choosing of the Lord's prayer for exemplification was awesome!
Glad you enjoyed it!
I agree. Good choice for the exposition.
You did really good job. I am an Ethiopian but don’t understand Geez because no one speaks except few people in Ethiopian Orthodox Church. The language is not in daily use anymore. It is dead . But today’s Amharic and Tigregna have a lot of similarities . As a result, I can understand some but not quite right.
Very educational video enjoyed it so much. Thank you from Saudi Arabia 🇸🇦
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you for all the kind and productive comments.
im egyptian christian so im very familiar with the Lords prayer in arabic and im suprised to hear more similarities with ethiopic than syriac
Yes. It certain makes sense geographically. Ancient Aksum and South Arabia shared a common writing system as well at one point.
yes thats true but I always thought south Arabian was completely independent of arabic and I also heard that arabic originated in the north near jordan and syrian desert so I assumed it would be more similar to aramaic but great video! @@ProfessorMichaelWingert
@@WorldXl_Correct.
Also, Coptic Christians should marry into Habesha Christians.
@@EriPagesThat's irreleveant
@@ionictheist349 What makes you ionic?
It is fascinating to see the profund similarities between this two language ❤
Ethiopia is truly mysterious
Never was colinised mybe ark covernant there
Indeed
No it’s not. It’s just a blatant eyesore for liars. The truth is right in front of them and it’s hard to digest
Wherever we may visit, if we have the good fortune of meeting nice people, that place becomes endearing.
@@Nobody-yq9fkthats why your name is nobody
Very interesting! Thank you for your efforts to make this video . 🇪🇹
It was a lot of fun. Thanks for your comments.
I am really impressed by your presentation. Great job!
Thank you!
I'm amazed how you uploaded so many videos in such a short time. Please keep going.
Thank you. It was an experiment for the month of August. I may do something similar in a subsequent month after the semester settles a little.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Thanks for the reply. I am a native speaker of Arabic from the country of Sudan if you need any help with Arabic or the Sudanese dialect of Arabic I'm here to help. 😊
Im so impressed by this ancient semitic languages, great video, made me very intrigued. Thank you from Morocco
This is an interesting comparison and very informative. Just one small thing: in the first line of the prayer in Ethiopic the verb 'be sanctified' should have a geminate second radical, ie. the d should be transcribed double, just as in the Syriac. The Ethiopic speaker clearly pronounces it as a geminate - though of course that could be because his mother tongue is Amharic or some other modern Ethiopian Semitic language in which jussives of passive stems have a geminate second radical.
This is some A+ feedback! Thanks Richard.
Totally wrong. All Ethiopian languages such as Ge*ez, Amharic, Tigre, Tigrina, Guraghe, etc, do not need at all to use gemination. Gemination is a consonant doublig in order to distinguish between the meaning of words. Gemination is only for languages such as Hebrew, Arabic, French, Latin, Greek, Russian, Berber, etc. which use the alphabet with Vowel letters. Ethiopian Writing system is syllographic.
Thank you for this great video
Well done Prof Michael. Thank you so much.
I am a speaker of Tigrinya (native), Amharic, Geez, Tigre, etc., and I am surprised by the similarities between the compared languages...
I also notice that the Aramaic word 'sunqanan' seems to correspond to a Tigrinya word 'senqi' or rather 'snqi' (meaning provisions).
Thanks for this great comparison!
That's a fantastic observation. I'd like to learn Tigrinya someday. It was offered at UCLA when I was there but I did not have the opportunity to study it, unfortunately.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingertevery thing started in Africa yall hate to admit it😡
@@ProfessorMichaelWingertthe original Assyrian were dark skin people with straight hair they were shemetic afro Asians all the sons of Nok were dark the 4 th race not of Nok/ Noah were a fallen species that mated with the indigenous people u pale demons love to take away credit that don’t belong to y’all all the Afro asian languages started in Cush Africa and pale people not of the hue/ colored man species yall kidnapped and robbed and stole identity of Cushite black civilizations tribal groups: Atlantaneans, akkadians, Sumerian, Syrians/ Elamite Indian,Hebrew, Amharic…. the French louvre museum has the original paintings of who the original peoples look like so stop ✋ with your lies u cultural and identity thieves😡😡😡😡
Culture vultures😡
@@MichelleBrown-vi5zo Africa will save the world, Michelle. Classical Ethiopic is one of the most fascinating languages. How did you enjoy the video?
Many thanks for your insightful video. Selam from ethiopia!
Selam wa fikir!
I am Ethiopian, I admire what you did in the video. Your understanding of Geez is amazing. The most interesting thing I have seen is the similarity in the two languages. I would say the are really originated from the same root languages and due to long geographic separation and influence of neighboring languages that these languages took different evolution to end up in two different languages. Though Ethiopic is from Africa and Arnaic from middle east it is no more than 60km to cross from Africa to middle east via babel-mendeb from Djibouti to Yemen. I appreciate your effort to show us the similarity.
Your words are too kind! Many thanks to you for watching.
The word Middle East was created in 1902 to draw a distinction from Africa (for varying reasons) but prior to 1902, Israel was shown to be in Northeast Africa. All of biblical Israel’s allies were in North East Africa as well. This is easily searchable history.
@fantahunish yes and Ge'ez comes from the South Arabian script Sabaean (present-day yemen)
Ethiopia is half black half Arab ppl
Thank you for the video Professor. One of my parish elders has an Eritrean wife and I bug her to hear the Tigrinya/her-folks-lingo version of the Prayer/ Pater Noster. This will help.
I am an Assyrian, speaking Aramaic with the eastern accent. Very interesting video that the Ethiopic is so close to Aramaic. Thank you for preparing such videos.
Raba basima iloukh Fyodor!
Aramaic has evolved from Akkadian of Mesopotamia. Ge'ez/Ethiopic/ and Amharic cognate with Akkadian. They have same morphology, Phonology and Vocabulary. Especially Amharic and Akkadian have same SOV word order and Phoneme. Biblical Hebrew evolved from Aramaic and it then borrowed also its square Alphabet from Aramaic. All Semitic alphabets were derived from ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic writing system.
Let you Know it that Ge'ez/ Ethiopic and Amharaic cognate with Akkadian the most ancient and written Semitic language of Afro-Asiatic family. Aramaic evolved from Akadian. For your Information in some monastery in Ethiopia ( e.g Amhara Saint _ Tedibaba Mariam Monastery), You can find books written in old Aramaic language. Ethiopian Bible has 81 Books. Whereas, Hebrew and Aramaic have only few complete books. The Ethiopian Bible in Ge'ez earlyer than Latin and Greek has so many books such as the book of Enoch, Jublee, Barock, Ezira, Minase, Sosina, etc etc,. are only to be found in the very ancient Ethiopic Bible.
I was stationed at Asmara, Eritrea in the 70s. Thirteen months of springtime they told us, because we were up around nine thousand feet elevation. It felt like Tibet to me then. The last time I saw this alphabet was on a Coca Cola bottle. I've wondered about the language since.
That's amazing! Thanks so much for sharing!
Oww this is owsm😳🔥🔥 I never expect aramaic is more similar to Ethiopic ge'ez language. This is amazing. We Ethiopian are the most mysterious
A blessed people indeed!
As someone who was interested in creating a conlang at one point, this is fascinating!
Also, I once did a transcription of some of the Aramaic from Passion of The Christ, I based it on my very limited understanding of the Hebrew Grammar...
there’s a Semitic conlang disxord server if ur interested. Not very active but I go there to compare my lang and get inspiration from others.
@@birdbill888sounds great, do you have a link?
If you haven't already, you can view me geeking out on the topic of conlangs with U Penn professor Dr. Tim Hogue. czcams.com/video/wq19RsTh6MA/video.html
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert I saw that one, that's why I brought up conlangs. It's actually fun to learn about conlangs, especially the ones designed to be as close to a natural language as possible. You learn a lot about how languages change over time.
As for my transcriptions of the movie Aramaic from Passion of The Christ, I doubt their accuracy. They don't even have time stamps, and they're writing with English orthography. It's only about ten lines or so anyway.
Interesting, thank you!
Hearing the lord’s prayer both Geez and Aramaic as a Christian arabic speaker and how similar both are to the classical Arabic version of the prayer, made me think about how easy it must’ve been for ancient Arab muslims to learn the Semitic languages spoken by those in the neighboring lands they traded with and conquered in medieval Africa and the middle east like the kingdoms of Axum and Byzantine.
Aksum was not a middle east kingdom
Ethiopia or habesha are half blk half Arab , Axum has conquered middle east
Arabs never conquered Aksum. In fact, it was the Aksumites that are known for have conquered the Peninsula in the 3rd and 6th centuries.
@@rebbybam230half black and half Arab where are you getting this from
This is a very interesting thought. And I agree. But it takes forward what I was thinking. Thank you for the ideas.
Very interesting video. I'm speaker of GEEZ and TIGRINYA i can feel those two Semitic languages.
Thank you sir! What would you say to the idea of making a short introduction to one of the languages in graded lessons?
That's a very good idea.
Amaric Ethiopia and Amaraic Syriac the similarity language my identity is Amara people from Ethiopia
ARAmaic not AMAraic
And to add some on tge Ethiopic. THE Geez when being read it has a unique sound pattern so depending on the meaning and charachter of tge word being read, the sound of the reader will go high or low, hence making some rhythm. This is a must when reading the Geez. If you took note, the person reading the Geez gives his voice power when reaching to the 2nd line that says ይትቀደስ ስምከ ( May your name be blessed) since this word has a meaning that is more like a a command, or stg to be happening in future and now, the voice will go high making an impression of Force. Take note of this feature, I don't know if I had clearly stated it, but if u noted, when he even read the 1st word, አቡነ (Our father) he gave it some power to the sound, then when reading the next word (ዘበሰማያት) his previous sound that has a forcing nature and loud tone will decrease and he will finish with slow force voice reading upto the last letter point by point without covering some lettera togetger as a group. 😊
9:45 ṣebyana(k) , the Hebrew equivalent צבא, denotes command/commander.
But in Syriac its simply will?
perhaps there is a link between Senqunan and the Tigrigna Sinqi (sustenance)
26:06 mensut as in Hebrew. ניסיון. They both share the same root as in Aramaic, נ.ס.י/ה.
You are absolutely right. That was an obvious oversight on my part. That term is prevalent in Genesis 22. Thanks for posting!
Could temptation in english come from temprature like being hot and haughty for something ? Or anything that affects your emotional temprature ?
Good question. Evidently it is related to "feeling out" or "trying out." It is connected to another English word, "attempt." Now whether that original Latin word is related to temperature, that's the real question.
Thank you for this extremely informative video!
As a Hebrew speaker I never knew that Ethiopic was also a semetic launguage that had so many similarities to Hebrew and Arabic!
I would only like to add my own opinion on your comment at 11:45.
your theory was that the Hebrew equivalent of "yahab" is נָתַן(natan), however when I saw the Syriac text I immediately recognized that it looked a lot like: הָבֵא לָנוּ לֶחֶם
"Have Lanu Lehem" or in Enliish :give us bread(or as you pointed out give us whatever sustains us, but in modern hebrew it refers to bread).
I guess that you connected the word יִתֵּן because in the hebrew version of the prayer the same line uses תֵּן.
but other than that, this was an excellent video! you convinced me to look more into Ethiopic launguages. thanks for giving me something to do in the next weekends
Which "Hebrew" do speak? Only the dead language Biblical Hebrew wtitten in Aramaic script is real Semitic. Your mishmash European Zionist settler's fabricated Hebrew is not Semitic. It has noting to do with ancient Hebrew which evolved from Aramaic and then dead for more than 2000 years. In the development of Afro-Asiatic phylum and the Sub- family of Semitic languages, Arabic is the latest one which has come to prominence after the rise of Islam in the Arabian peninsula in the 7th century A.D.
@@tomygemorawa4056 So much ignorance in one comment
I am Tigrigna speaker.Amharic speaker and geez books reader.Arabic speaker .
I am studying Hebrew .
In my opinion nothing is closer to the Geez language than this Aramaic language Just only by looking only at your video.
You opened another door to study more on my interesting and my lovely Geez language.
It is empowering to learn all these related languages, isn't it? I hope to learn Tigrinya once day.
The Ge'ez language, ge'ez speakers or by their name Agazi people are actually a branch of Aramaic people who came Syria, and even later after the establishment of christianity in Axum, there were many Syrian/Assyrian preist, monks...etc played high role in interpreting, translating and writing biblical documents. for instance 3 of the nine saints who are credited for spreading myphesite Orthodox doctrine in Axum were Assyrians and they wrote many of the newtestment books which are used in Ethiopia today.
And if we said : nothing in more closed to aramaic than arabic ? Aramaic is closer to arabic than ge'ez, but for sure, the 3 of them are closed. Linguisticly, the arabic is the most refined semitic language, and well preserved till today, so I use it as basis for my etymologic researches.
Example, translation from syriac toward arabic at 27:22 بلى اِفْصِ لنحن مِن بَسٍّ Finally, the only difference is the particle B for Bala (but).
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert 27:22 Im (from) Kulu (all) Iquy (Evil). Don't know how to pretend ge'ez is closest to aramaic. And adhinene seems to mean "to extract, pull out" rather than to save. Doing etymologic reseaches, I had identified the meaning of each semitic phone. Evil in ge'ez, iquy I need to know if the first letter "i" is a prefix to root QY: if the prefix "i" is privative, so iquy means weakness. The phone Q is about a position, and Q+Y means firm, to not move, to remain in the same position (the faith). And 24:30, no doubt Sibha is the arabic سبح which means not glory, but floating above, we say Subhan Allah in arabic, translated by Glory, but it's not what say the semit word. Glory is related to the etyma (archaic semitic root) JL, the act of spread, like in Evangelos, Injyl in arabic, or found in Galilea, or Gyl in hebrew (wave) or Golgotha, this place for the roman spectacle, to be seen by all.. And A'lam doesn't mean Futur or Ever, but "the world", and more accuratly, what a mind can grap of the realm. The futur in hebrew it's Olam ha-ba, the Ba means to engage in, to enter in, the World to come. The B is the archetyp of the Acces, in all languages. Religious had changed the meaning of the root and words, due to their belief and philosophy. By the way, I wrote a morphosemantical analysis on Yehoshua' and Yashua' : they don't mean "savior", nor they are the same word, but both are related to Time, Joshua' is the fullfillment of a promise root WShA' et Jesus is root ShWA' it's an infinitive, means the HOUR, terrible one in jewsih tradition, Judgment day. So I believe science, not rabbinism, nor christianism and how they twisted the meaning of God's words. And this is silly here : my comment disappear, so agian my answer to Ephrem bellow : you don't know what you are talking about. It's linguistic, I don't care of your christian obsession and vanity blinding your intelligence. Bravo ! Matthew text is not a religious book ? Really ridicuous your com. I had prove linguisticly how closed is the ethoipian to arabic, but your are enclosed in your blind faith, not language.
The word "kheyla" also means strength when used in modern Aramaic speech. I am wondering if that's also the case in other Semitic languages?
Hebrew has חיל
Arabic has the same word حيل means power or strength e.g شد حيلك OR هو ما عنده حيل
"hayle" also means strength in amharic
As an Ethiopian I was told that before Geez it was Aramaic that was spoken in some cities in Ethiopia
What??? Ge'ez is the father of all languages. Over 5000 years old
@@Bete_amhara972Years ago, I have heard even a Habesha professor asserting on a local Amharic radio years ago saying Ge'ez was the first language on earth, but real linguists and historians would laugh at you. The bible, for example, before it appeared in Ge'ez, it was witten in Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek(ጽርእ). We Habesha, have a lot of crap in our mind pseudo-historians fed us.
❤
Can you give name city speck Aramaic
It is possible because some of the Elephantine Papyri were written in Assyrian because Assyrians had ruled Egypt. From my understanding, Christianity entered modern Ethiopia by way of Egyptian Copts who also would have spoken Greek. So it is likely that older Assyrian speakers may have preceded Greeks upon defeat by Persians who would later be defeated by Greeks. So Axum's Ge'ez may have been a combination of an extension of Cushitic languages and a wave of Assyrians who were living in Upper Egypt before Persian and Greek conquests who migrated south of Sudan.
marvelous
Thank you!
7:52 I believe it to be wrong. The meaning is, your kingdom shall come. Why? Tite is the single feminine future form of the root ata as in Arabic أتى or in Aramaic אתא (In the Assyrian script). And in Ge'ez timsa is the single feminist future form of the root m.sh.i as in Arabic مشي or Hebrew משה. And that is the correct way to understand it according to my opinion.
Nesyuna is temptation but mensut sounds like the arabic word مساوىء (Masawe'e) meaning offenses. As for adhinene, I do not know a word like it in Eastern Syriac but the word Balihane, we use in Eastern Assyrian (Eastern Syriac) the word ba'lleh meaning troubles . The word Khayla means power and Tishbokhta which is praise is also used in arabic تسبيح (Tasbih)
Adhinene maybe relate to the word ehdina اهدنا which means guide us.
Iquy maybe related to the fire or the hell as the source word كي kay verb yakwi means to burn. While Bisa may in Arabic Bisha which means dense forest and it can give the feeling of delusion, obscurity or darkness as Wadi Bisha in current Saudi Arabia. Also I found out that Bisha means face mask.
In tigrinya adHena means safe us or protect us
Adenen= save us
Thank you. I could understand Snqunan. In tigrinya ስንቂ snqi is food supply
I've always been told that Tigrinya is closer to Syriac and Arabic. Thank you kindly for the contribution.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Indeed! Tigrinya is more Geez than Amharic in which Amharic has got a lot of other loaned words from other Ethiopian kushitic languages. For your knowledge there is another language more related to Arabic and Geez called Tigre.
That’s the same thing in Amharic snq means food supply
Please compare the Lord’s Prayer inAramaic to Amharic and Tigrigna.
Is Semitic a concept like Germanic or wider?
Hard to say as arabic speaker but I think a little bit wider
That's a good question. It is a language family, but it is a more tight-knit language family than something like Indo-European, of which Germanic is a sub-category. In many ways, Semitic languages share more parity with something like Germanic. That might be an interesting study to undertake. Thanks for the suggestion.
Fascinating how similar they are
I noticed also how the Amharic meaning of some of the Geez is closer in sound to the syriac version
Ablan (hablan) means feed us in amharic
And “ma-ad” (lah-mad /mo) is an antique word that means food
You have wrong impression of what the word "hablan" means. "Ablan" in amharic means feed us, literally, hand feed us. But, the Syriac and Ge'ez hablan and habene stand for another word which is provide us or give us. In Tigrinya it would be habena. The root word, hab, to mean give or provide is the same in all three languages.
lahma is actually related to lam(cow) not maad
lahma d-sunqanan - lahma d-sine qua non ? essential bread? Loaned from Latin to Aramaic - or vice versa?
From the Aramaic root SNQ, to be in need or lacking something.
"ፈቃድከ" (fekadike) is not mean a command in geez language. It refers to a will to do something
"Abesane" in giez and Abesane (አበሳ) in Amharic have similar meaning, and it means misery or suffering.
So much simplistic, crude , vicious, ignorant thinking, by a man of such high esteem. because of his big orafice
Intersting, i am eritrean tigrinya speaker.
I hope to learn Tigrinya some day!
27:48 balih maybe in Arabic بلغ to deliver to inform and etc...
Strikingly close!
I am arabic speaker .
interested very much in ancient language.
Thank You 🙏🏼 to show the interesting ancient languages comparison. Right now unfortunately Amharic languages has become threatened into disappearances attacks by dominant political groups. I hope Ethiopian people will fight to preserve it.
🙏🏼❤️
Keep the languages alive! They are a blessing to the world.
There are more than 60 million Amharic speakers. So do not worry. Amharic is the second Semitic language next to Arabic.
We-belihane could it mean:
و ب ال إعانة ؟
And with (your) support
The most famous Ethiopic speaker: The Weeknd
As a native speaker of Amharic, I have the ability to comprehend certain Ge'ez expressions due to its historical significance as a theological language. Both Aramaic and Ethiopic (Ge'ez) contain rich information and exhibit parallels as they are both ancient languages.
We use geez in Eritrea too.
Yes! We also use it in the United States during the Tewahedo Kidase.
yes Tigrinya and Amharic are from Ge'ez; Tigrinya more closely sounds like Ge'ez
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Eritreans are also original ethiopians ,
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert the original ethiopians are tigrayans Eritrea and ethiopia and Amharic ppl or known as the habesha ppl are the original Ethiopians which later adopted other ethnicities and tribes and included to make current ethiopians
The ancient ones or the habesha ethiopians in today's Eritrea and ethiopia are half black half Arab mixed
@@rebbybam230who is fake Ethiopian? LOL!!!
Arabic speaker here, I think the nearest word to abesane is Arabic عبوس Abos meaning to frown upon as in Quranic verse Abas Wa tawala
So Absana عبسنا may mean our unsatisfaction which is common large sin as not being satisfied with god destiny and plan
Also, I have theory about the sentence which was translated to “ Do not bring us to the test” I think maybe the more accurate meaning is “ Do not curse us if we forget” in Aramaic and “Don’t reproach us if we forget” in Ethiopic. This is as the word تلعن taalan means to curse, تعاتبنا tabine is to blame us in Arabic. Also source word NSY means to forget and forgetness is a common “human like sin” as in Quranic verse “Rabbana la tu'akhizna in-nasina aw akh-ta'na.”
Lahma in Arabic can mean meat but also can mean connection between two things together and when it comes to gods word’s and the interpretation and how to connect together is more what lahma means
This my way of thinking
Aramaric sound unbelivable close to Iraqi arabic : Lahma is meat in iraqi. Smaya is skies in Iraqi too. Abuna, “our father” in Iraqi. El-yom for the day in Iraqi too. Ethiopic sound unbelivably close to egyptian arabic.
Also in Iraqi “malak” is king, malakat “the kingdom” in iraqi arabic. “Wa” is also and in arabic/ iraqi as “and”.
“La” means no in arabic iraqi. Ta’alan “to come” in iraqi arabic.
Nesyana “to forget, or forgetfull” in iraqi arabic.
“Biza” means cat in arabic. Bazoona in iraqi.
Esma: his name is in iraqi arabic.
Tesbah: showers
Teshbahtu “showered you” in iraqi arabic
U: and in iraqi arabic
The last part: al alama amin is 100 % arabic.
I don't believe you have really done a video about this language.. Ge'ez.
But Jesus most probably spoke Western Aramaic. Syriac is Eastern Aramaic. How similar would Western Aramaic and Eastern Aramaic be at the time of Jesus? I think that I remember my professor saying that even in the time of Hasmonaeans, Palmyrene Aramaic (and Edessa from where Syriac merged was even more north) was quite different from Galilean Aramaic.
Thanks for the note Petar. I may have addressed the topic in one of the Aramaic in the New Testament videos, but it seems to come up frequently (I should probably upload a talk on this specific topic!). I'm not sure that I buy that these dialects are "quite" different (I guess it depends on what is meant by "quite"). The problem really rests in what the literary evidence leaves us vs. what we know of dialect geography and dialect trends. Without a doubt, we should expect every village to have its own unique dialect. Without going into too much depth, I wouldn't say that these were different enough to be meaningful. Syriac is the literary dialect as produced in Edessa. The Galilean style is much more limited in its textual production, and what the specific spoken conventions were in relation to their written forms is a little tricky when it comes to pinning it down. In my opinion, the Eastern/Western classification isn't really helpful beyond a few forms and word choice. Edessa is in the Northwest anyhow, even though it is located on the Eastern side of the Euphrates river (which runs Northwest to Southeast).
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Thank you for the response.
Wow 😮 the oldest version are similar
Lahmi we used for job too
Hi. Doing researches on semitic etymology, here from arabic : "nesyu na" and "me nsut" from root NSY, it could be linked to the arabic NSU or NSA and it about to forget, means to be freed from any precautions, the intellect not helping to resolve any difficult situation, so beeing lost. To forgot the Lord and his laws, not beeing able to make diffrence between good and evil. Aadam and Hawwa' forgot the command, and ate the fruit.
3:38 🙏🏿
in arabic لحم means flesh , you said meat in your video , just to put things straight , and thank you by the way for your efforts
How would you distinguish the English words "flesh" and "meat"?
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert flesh is the comestible part of a living body ( may it be muscle , fat , wheat , barley , fish ...) . meat is the noble part of animal flesh ( nowadays muscle ) . لحم comes in a sense of fused parts together , in modern days it means meat and also means fuse metal parts together but originaly it means flesh , look in the holy Quran for examples . in hebrew we say ملحمة for war battles it comes from two point of view : 1 : the fusion of efforts and hearts and minds in both sides of a battle and 2: because a lot of flesh is lost wheter it be muscle or fat . i hope i explained my point of view in a clear way . sorry for my english professor , and thanks again for your efforts .
לחם זה הוא בשרי ויין זה הוא דמי. As Jesus said. In Hebrew lehem is bread as well than this saying would not be so clever. It is an allegory. יין in Hebrew means both, blood and wine.
My mother tongue is Amharic (you can think of Amharic as a child of Ge'ez). The similarity between Aramaic and Ge'ez (and Amharic) is amazing!
Amharic is far from Ge'ez. go find your roots in the Gala Languages. Amharic is far from being semetic.
I would say it is closer to tigrigna but yes Amharic and tigrigna defended from geez
@@adamfuzum3310thanks for letting the whole world know that your an idiot.
@adamfuzum3310 Amharic did indeed come Ge'ez. Tigrinya existed alongside Ge'ez and is just as old.
@@adamfuzum3310 tinish siriat binor ezih enkuan. Betam newur new
Just found u..
I am not an arab.
The word heaven semayat in ethiopic is samawat in arabic..
Interesting.
Geez used to be alphabet written right to left like hebrew and arabic before it became abogida. The old way would've sounded more similar to these languages,
well actually it was written in both directions in Dm't
Lahma means cattle/meat in tigrigna
Khadaj mean in Arabic a child born prematurely.
I appreciate if you can change the Title , Syriac vs Ethiopic . Ge'ez is the proper name. since Ethiopic only refer to Ethiopia. There is a Country north of Ethiopia called Eritrea which has languages that are more closely linked to Ge'ez than Amharic . Since you are Linguist . I am sure you can find out that Amharic is %40 none Semitic ( you can't even consider it as Semitic anymore.) . Tigrigna , and Tigre both in Eritrea are much closer to Ge'ez . Thanks for the post !
The title is perfect. Languages like amharic, tigrinya, geez and other african semetic languages are categorised under Ethiopic (that's the name the scholars gave it to the category) so he is correct!
Go hell with ur very stupid suggestions. Your Tigigna language evolved from Beja. Indeed You've borrowed, Ge'ez, Amharac, and Agawu words. You must know Amharic is a sister language of Ge'eze and it is as old as ancient Egyptian, Akkadian, Aramaic, Elamite and Sumerian. Ancient Egyptian Words have only survived in Amharaic only, but not in latest evolved languages such as Tigre, Tigrigna,
Lechem or equivalent meaning all food not just bread , as in Hebrew, or meat, as in Arabic is also found in Ugaritic.
ላሕም ~ [Geez Tigrinya] cows ... It is similar wish meat
It's also the same word in amharic.
"That I've NEVER heard of!" Brother, I'm watching linguistics videos, what do you mean I've never heard of these things.
Hayl in Arabic means power also e.g انت ليس لديك حيل it means You do not have power so the root is HYL
The person reading the Ge'ez is definitely an Amharic speaker since he is mispronouncing some words, they don't have some sounds characteristic of Semitic languages because it is a south Ethio-Semitic language. North Ethio-Semitic languages (Lisane Tigray and Lisane Tigre) are more similar to Ge'ez since Ge'ez itself is north Ethio-Semitic language.
Tigrigna speakers nowadays pronounce Ge'ez just like Amharic. And not having "semitic sounds" isn't a characteristic of South Semitic, the sounds you're talking about(ዓ/ሓ) still exist in Argobba(the closest language to Amharic). You're forgetting that all modern Ethio-Semitic langauges including Tigrigna and Tigre have lost three phonemes that existed in Ge'ez(ሠ፣ኀ፤ፀ)
Lisane Tigrinya is oddly redundant lol; "language of lanuage of tigre"
@@Yallah-2023 @Yallah-2023 False information. Also they did''t lose the sounds of the three fidels. ኀ was pronounced as ኸ, ሠ was most likely pronounced as ሸ etc... the sounds are still there but with different letters whereas in amharic there are no such sounds as ሐ/ኀ they just pronounce it as ሀ let alone the ዐ sound. Linguists know nowadays that Amharic is a way distant relative of Ge'ez while Tigrinya and Tigre have a relation with ge'ez similar to what Italic languages in the times of Rome had to Latin. Don't claim history that's not yours.
Also to your point with Argobba having these sounds. It came with the Islamization of them, similar sounds can be found in harari. The reason the Tigrinya speakers pronounce it like Amharic is because of the influence the Amharas had in the church.
@@Yallah-2023qwanqwa Habasa is in reality the proper and traditional designation for the Tegrena language. Tegrena is a Amharic word.
The ena in Tegrena means "language of" so Tegrena means language of the Tigre.
I do not understand what is Semitic???? A who makes that determination???
Languages that share a root, shared words, structures.
Linguists
@@lm7338 how is it Shared through History,Religion or Culture??
My idea that people will gave an outside group credit for an idea or innovation they had Nothing to do with... There is Never an Equal partnership!!! Multi Ethnic and Multi Culture is a fraudulent concept !!!
@fantahunish my home boy 👦
Melki in tigrigna dominion
Aramaic did not died out it split into 4 groups(Chaldean Assyrian Mandic/subba ands syriac) from the 7th to 12 centuries. syriac has approximately 32 small dialects. chaldean and assyrian has 4 to 6 and mandic has 2 or more dialects. i am a Chaldean and Assyrian speaker. Chaldean and Assyrian has the biggest speakers out of 3 million syriac has a million and a half and mandiac has half a million
Wahtohain - mistakes in tigrinya geez Hatiat
A REI MAC ( MEQ )
Les noirs premiers européens (livre)
Egzo, I think it means someone that brings thing to existence/ created. Like Egza-biher would be the creator of nature . Or someone that brings the being itself to existence. It is hard to explain. 😂😂😂
Egzie-biher (እግዚአብሔር) means Ruler of nations
@@Yoseph-tr5bx Biher comes from the word nature (Bihier). Egzie comes from the word maker (Eg-ze). Like ze-geye
@@dddwww1948 Biher can have 2 meanings either nation or land in this context the first seems more plausible also am not sure egzie means maker isn't 'ገበረ' the correct word? There is actually a wikipedia page for this en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igziabeher
@@Yoseph-tr5bx ገበረ means deed, do, doing . ገበረ, ግበር, ይገብር። if you stress the letter በ, then it would change the meaning to tax payer. ገበረ, he paid tax. ገበሬ, tax payer.
@@dddwww1948 that is true but anyways I feel ruler of nations makes more sense in a direct manner and as far as I know is the consensus among most people.
I am Tigrigna speaker and I also know Geez, the Geez reader is not pronouncing it perfectly .he is using Amharic pronunciation, the geez sounds are preserved in its script, Lahim means cow in geez
I wonder how they managed to speak a semitic language
They're Semites.
oh...could there been some mixing among the population?
@@craigime That seems to be the case, though the homeland of the ancient Semites and their migrations are debated topics. There are some interesting DNA studies out there on the Ethiopian communities.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert thank you... I'm definitely going to look more into this
The word "Ethiopic" is wrong. First of all, it is a foreign word not a Semitic word. It is a Greek word, originally a name given for the entire continent of Africa. Abyssinia (habasha) change their country name to Ethiopia, after pressure from Britain in 1931.
Foolish parrot piss off. The name Ethiopia is engraved on Stones tablets before the last Millenum BC.
nehwe = new == from vwe to be
Ge'ez is the ancient language of Axum which was located in modern Ethiopia. Ancient Ethiopia as in the Ethiopia of Ancient Greek Classic scholars was Meroitic Kush located from modern Upper Egypt (south of Aswan) to Sudan. That Ethiopia did not use/speak Ge'ez as Meroitic Kush script/language is not Ge'ez. So to be clearer, the Greek reference to Ethiopia was actually in Egypt and Sudan. Axum was a different ancient kingdom located in modern Ethiopia which took the name Ethiopia under Haile Selassie in the 1930s changing the national identity from Abyssinia that had followed Axum. Ethiopic is a language grouping of Semitic languages primarily in the modern nation of Ethiopia but not languages of modern or ancient of Sudan or Egypt.
Ancient European names can be difficult, can't they? Axum was even thought of as India at different times in history!
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Which in itself would be strange because I don't believe any scripts of Axum were in India. They used Sabaean so ovelap with Southern Arabia but I don't know of any direct connection with India except for statements by classic Greek writers that Ethiopian expanded from the Canaries to India but not necessarily tied specifically to Axum but possibly earlier with Dm.t and Pwenet (Punt).
There was no country called Abyssinia, Abyssinia is an exonym not an old name for Ethiopia it is a geographic expression of an area. The fact that people think the name changed is very bizarre.
@@BF-bb5us Ethiopia is an exonym for the geographic region of Upper Egypt and Sudan. It's a Greek exonym. At this time, modern Ethiopia was not Ethiopia. Parts of it were Pwenet (Punt) at the oldest and later Dmt then Axum before Abyssinia. It didn't become the new Ethiopia until the 1930s CE. Ethiopia was all over the map in European usage before that point even designating the Sahel, West Africa, and Southern Africa as Ethiopia but Ethiopia is still a Greek exonym.
@@kemetnubiakamp no it was never called Abyssinia. It was only called such by outsiders
Ge'ez the father of all languages. Over 5000 years old.
Ge'ez is a wonderful language.
lmao, are you out of your mind, where do you get that from ?
I am also Ethiopian but thats not true at all. I would say that its age is half of that.
Yes truly. The name Ge'ez does mean first, number one. Theologicians call Ge'ez, the language of Adam and Hewan.
Geez is not ethiopic language.I don't where did u get the word ethiopic.geez gives rise to Tigre,Tigryna and Amharic.Out of wc Tigre is the most similar to geez(85%) next is Tigryna and then Amharic.Better to say eritean /ethiopian language than Isolated ethiopic.
King Ezana
syriac ate
Amharic is more closer to Syriac (Aramaic )
👍
Geeze is more closer to Hebrew
The guy that is reading Geez is miss pronouncing some of the words.
I will let his bishop know and see what he says.
@ProfessorMichaelWingert not necessarily wrong just amharic speaker. Tigringa speaker might have a more range of sounds close to most Semitic languages
@@ProfessorMichaelWingertYOU TRYNA BE FUNNY😂
Hideg in tigrigna leave
I dont think egzio- egziabher is African.
It is Ethiopian Geez word and means Lord.
Call it Geez. It has a name. Ethiopic is not one of them. It is offensive.
hmane.harvard.edu/publications/introduction-classical-ethiopic-geez
Offensive to who? Eritreans that dislike anything with the word Ethiopia?
@@amdetsion3256 Eritrean was one part of Ethiopia , soon Eritrea must be annexed by any means.
Since it is Ethiopian language , so why not. If you are Eritrean, it is matter of time to come back her mother land
Ethiopic and Ge'ez are used interchangeably
Geez isn't derived from old Arabic because it predates it
Proof
@@ionictheist349 arabic written scripts are found only 500BC and they break off from Hebrew line. Geez writtings and the order of their writting completely different from arabic is found atleast 1500 years ago. There are other unstudied scripts which linguists believe are much older. We dont stem our language from Phoenician writting that went to Etruscan. We are kur own find and breed.
@@tigraiembeba4447 the one ur talking about is the more modern one. The one he mentioned in the video was southern arabic script which is from yemen, its also where the sabean writing system was derived from. And from the sabean the geez writing system was derived. Their is actually a proof for this. There is a southern arabic script in yemen which is more than 3000 yrs old. And also check out the temple of Yeha from the tigray region in northern Ethiopia, there are sabean script writings that are found there.
@@ionictheist349 that is just the thing I am saying to you. Geez traces back to Sabean. You can read Sabean if you read Geez. Arabic has absolutely nothing to do with Sabean. That area Tigrai, Eritrea and Yemen has long been our domains. Arabic came much later and itself is derived from Nabataean which drives from Etruscan. They follow the a b c d arrangement from Phoenician script. Sabean which is precursor to Geez and is almost the exact replica of Geez doesn't. Sabean doesn't root itself in whatever kind of arabic script. As Arabic came way later to our area though it could have been influenced by Sabean.
Exactly