Tascam 388 vs. m30 // Comparing Vintage Preamps!

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  • čas přidán 13. 07. 2024
  • Let's compare Tascam 388 vs Tascam m30 Preamps, and let's also record to tape on the Tascam 388. Do the preamps on these vintage machines sound the same? And how influence does the preamp impart compared to recording to tape? Same song, 2 consoles, 3 ways of analog recording in my home studio (in a Barn).
    Thanks for subscribing! otherwise I'm just a man alone in a barn.
    czcams.com/users/travisraab?su...
    My Music Theory Cheat Sheet:
    tinyurl.com/7wj3cjmj
    My Gear:
    Clarett 4Pre - imp.i114863.net/Jr0brE
    Danelectro Honeytone - imp.i114863.net/RyXzkv
    The Timmy Pedal - imp.i114863.net/n1zqoR
    line6 m9 pedal - imp.i114863.net/jWgNnn
    Epiphone SG - imp.i114863.net/5b3R61
    Warm Audio tb12 tonebeast preamp - imp.i114863.net/ZdD2Zz
    SM7B Dynamic Mic - imp.i114863.net/WDLb1e
    SM57 Dynamic Mic - imp.i114863.net/Eajk3D
    MXL 990 Condenser Mic - imp.i114863.net/Xxq6V3
    MXL v67g Condenser Mic - imp.i114863.net/BXQj6J
    Audio Technica AT2020 Condenser Mic - imp.i114863.net/zakW7G
    Mogami Guitar Cable - imp.i114863.net/KeAV1e
    Mogami Mic Cable - imp.i114863.net/mgBeAO
    I was given a special dispensation from the Vatican which permits me to play bass with a pick. Do not attempt this. You may be struck by lightning.
    Desk Build: • Studio Desk Build // R...
    How I fixed this bargain 388: • I found a Tascam 388 /...
    Are plugins a good investment?: • Analog is BETTER than ...
    I felt like this would be the time I'd get it right. I performed the songs 3 times very similarly. I didn't touch the mics. I wore hermetically sealed undergarments. I thought I crossed every T and dotted every I. But alas. Another flawed test. Despite my ineptitude, maybe we can learn something from this test. But first will someone explain to me what a preamp is? And if that's the preamp where is the postamp? Science may one day tell us.
    Inadvertently, I learned just how colored the preamps on the m30 can be, and I really like the overdrive it can produce! 100 times better than any digital 'plugin' distortion in the box. So that was pretty cool to learn.
    #taperecording #homestudio #analog
    Studio Guitarist & Virtual Guitar Teacher
    www.TravisRaab.com
  • Hudba

Komentáře • 136

  • @travisraab
    @travisraab  Před 2 lety +4

    Tascam 388 vs Portastudio 424 -> czcams.com/video/Jp0w5Y9gGHQ/video.html

  • @RobinJamesHurtMusic
    @RobinJamesHurtMusic Před 2 lety +1

    Awesome vid, shout out for that remarkably tasty bit of slide at the end on the lil epiphone

  • @fromthenorthwest
    @fromthenorthwest Před 2 lety +1

    Another great video. Glad I stumbled onto your Channel! I recently upgraded from a portastudio 424 to an m30 with a Tascam 38. So it's been great to see you messing around with the m30.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      wow that sounds like a killer set up right there. what's the tape width on that? it probably sounds much better than the 388

    • @ClaudeLavender
      @ClaudeLavender Před 2 lety +2

      @@travisraab it’s a 1/2 inch 8 track

    • @fromthenorthwest
      @fromthenorthwest Před 2 lety +1

      @@travisraab Yep half-inch. I'm still getting the hang of it, but hopefully it'll be sound good here in a bit..

  • @SleepingOrchard
    @SleepingOrchard Před 2 lety

    Haha the stank. I haven’t listened on headphones for the actual audio comparisons yet but I really enjoyed watching you in your Narnia studio and everything just sounded great anyway! Will be interesting to listen back in more detail.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      Awesome! Thank you Sleeping Orchard! looking forward to it

  • @revevague6256
    @revevague6256 Před 2 lety

    Laying it down! Love it!

  • @ngonnguaudionnaofficial6136

    I also just checked m30 and 464mkii (ver BBE) with Vsti 808 Roland ! and also surprised with "Kick" from M30! very compact and full like a little Comp! Thank you The video is worth listening to!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      Thanks! M30 is a really great machine I agree

  • @bennyl.5
    @bennyl.5 Před 2 lety +2

    Just got a perfect working Tascam 234. It sounds great, but I agree with what you said about removing reverb from the room. It kind of automatically does that. Not the best on acoustic guitar, cuz it's rough capturing those higher airy frequencies..but on electric, bass, synth, vocals sounds really sweet

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      I hear you! Ooh 234 classic machine!! Congrats

  • @rickhuff9030
    @rickhuff9030 Před rokem

    Bought a Tascam M30 new in the early 80's to link up with my Teac A3340S 4 track. Just the best of times with that rig. I'm in the process of transferring all those 10" tapes to DAW. Really surprising how good they sound!

  • @marcelb7259
    @marcelb7259 Před 2 lety +4

    M30 Preamp sounds warmer and rounder. more natural sound bass I would say. The 388 give more push and brightness to the signal, making it cut through the mix a little bit more. It is really subjective but in the context of that song I prefer the M30 sound. Anyway both sounds nice.

  • @simoncortes8196
    @simoncortes8196 Před 2 lety

    Makes me wanna find myself one of these bad boys but it's seems kinda difficult. What do you think about a Teac Mb 20/2A as an option to pass my frustration ? Ever heard about those preamps ? Great videos by the way and your studio seems awesome to work in !

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      whoa that thing is pretty cute, Simon! never heard of it. no xlr in but it would be cool in a little home studio

  • @DavidMorley
    @DavidMorley Před 2 lety

    The thing I love about the 388 is how it works with it's tape. It's got a touch more brightness and it works perfectly with the tape. I did prefer the kick and bass sound of the M30 but think this is easily remedied. But the clarity the 388 still get's even after tape is what makes it a killer machine.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      the m30 can do clean also, I just drove it accidentally. I was pretty impressed with driving it though. kills anything in the box. the 388 is crazy clean i was amazed when I bypassed the tape!

    • @DavidMorley
      @DavidMorley Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab I'd love an M30 or something like it to go with my 388. PS: here's a piece I did on the 388. Totally different vibe, but maybe you find it interesting.. czcams.com/video/tJoTxUIIDNc/video.html

  • @corindingley7797
    @corindingley7797 Před 8 měsíci +1

    Tascam/teac have quite a mad circuit , The EQ's are quite unique design, I tried to build them once as I had got hold of the design , never worked though, strange design. Loved all the models they made with Teac. They can lack warmth compared with more transformer based pre amps.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 8 měsíci

      I don't know too much about circuits what is strange about them? Which circuit is the warmest?

    • @corindingley7797
      @corindingley7797 Před 8 měsíci

      I don't know as I never had different models to test at the same time. They all used similar designs though until late 90's when it changed with the porta one 4 tracks etc. The desks that had the frequency pot and gain pot combined had these designs. The frequency pot was 2 pots wired in series , it wasn't the usual standard tone circuits. My electronic tutor at the time was very puzzled by it. I guess the best desk I used was the M320 connected to a Tascam 1" 16 track. Was very cool. Miss it very much. @@travisraab PS , love your channel, good work.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 8 měsíci

      @@corindingley7797 🙏 thanks

  • @haddadbeats
    @haddadbeats Před 2 lety

    Hey Travis, definitely the Tascam 388 (on tape) has the best sound. It was fat and clean, full spectrum man... I could smell it from over here!! Another fab vid and you're layin down a solid on the \m/

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      thanks dave! i agree with your assessment! I have a lot to learn on the skins. think my kick drum is salvageable? it's driving me to commit drumicide

    • @haddadbeats
      @haddadbeats Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab put a front head on that kick... get a good dedicated kick drum mic (Beta52, AKG D112, Audio D1, EV etc there are many). I wasn't hearing any definition on the kick... but your guitar sound is excellent!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      @@haddadbeats cool!

  • @feast2938
    @feast2938 Před 2 lety +1

    Just got a tascam 388 after waiting 10 years for the planets to align, near impossible in the uk!!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      that's what i hear! wow what a find. congrats man that's huge!

    • @feast2938
      @feast2938 Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab cheers travis! Thanks for the good content ✌️

  • @pleasegive1000dollar
    @pleasegive1000dollar Před 4 měsíci

    Great playing and niche comparison!
    So how would you feel about me running my Two Tascam 244's into a standalone 1/4" 8-track reel-to-reel? I think I can finagle it as a way to upgrade to open reels while using these portastudios as 2 mix banks without having to get something like that nice M30. Just gotta see if dbx in the signal path will mess anything up. Happy recording.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 4 měsíci

      I do not think that is possible with two different motors

  • @isaintjames
    @isaintjames Před 2 lety +2

    the m30 definitely sounds fuller in this vid!

  •  Před rokem

    Thanks for this video. I just bought a Tascam M312.... My old mixer is a Yamaha RM 804. Does the M312 Pre amp the same on 388?

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před rokem

      I talk about preamps and stuff in my course tinyurl.com/3u7nysmp

  • @chancejhutchison
    @chancejhutchison Před 2 lety

    Picking up the m30 in two weeks - I might need an assist with getting set up. Any videos you can recommend for going into a focusrite and plugging guitars straight into the board? Cheers!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      very cool chance! i have a few videos on the m30 on my channel. definitely get the manual!

  • @Zenvo-uu9tm
    @Zenvo-uu9tm Před 2 lety

    Are you referring to micing the drums through the desk that gives you the impression of a collapsed room width?
    If that's what you refering to, maybe the channels crosstalk comes to play here.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      interesting! crosstalk I didn't think of that. thanks Dany

  • @DusanStanic
    @DusanStanic Před 2 lety +1

    Mmmm30 drums... au natural... Deluxe! I'd sleep with that open hi-hat (in my humble opinion, of course). I would really like to hear what would you do
    with them in a "proper" mix...

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      🤣🤣 yeah that's a good idea i should do full mix!

  • @nebula0697
    @nebula0697 Před 2 lety +1

    I notice that both preamps sound amazing despite this being youtube. The M30 was more rounded sounding. Try the Aquarian head on your kick, they have a ring around them. Could have been a gimmick but it sure wasn't. edit: the exact model was aquarian super kick II.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      Yeah I need to figure my kick out....

    • @nebula0697
      @nebula0697 Před 2 lety

      ​@@travisraab I don't know if this will help but although one might fantasize about a long release on a kick and it might work in really sparse recordings or electro, I found that whatever you need to do to shorten the release as much as possible helps, and focus on the sound of the attack part. And then obviously try to get rid of any ringing/spurious sounds. Getting the drum set to sound awesome outright is best but then you can also EQ a bass drum into something nice, maybe more so than other instruments. I'm sure you know all this stuff better than I do. I don't know what they did in Erykah Badu's Soldier but that's quite the kick if you like that particular sound. Sort of "dusty" and you can almost feel the air it moves.

  • @95rocket
    @95rocket Před 2 lety

    This is really entertaining to watch! Can you do a comparison between Modern Model 12 with these older ones?

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +2

      thanks puipuia! sure if i get my hands on a model 12 i'd be happy to

    • @kennysmith3183
      @kennysmith3183 Před rokem

      I have a Model 24 and it's awesome. I know nothing about home recording, but I'm having fun learning. The Model 24 sounds good. I'd love to hear some comparisons to the older school Tascams. I'd send ya mine, but I use it too much lol. Love this channel!!!!

  • @frankr6475
    @frankr6475 Před 2 lety +3

    The highs sounded better on the 388, the bass definitely cut through with the m30.I'm currently using an m35 mixer into a digital da38 tape recorder and it sounds pretty good, not as sterile as in the box.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      Ooh da38 def has an appeal sounds like a nice combo! Thanks for lending your ears Frank

    • @saren6538
      @saren6538 Před rokem

      Frank any ideas the difference in the tascam d38 v d88 ? Thanks

    • @frankr6475
      @frankr6475 Před rokem

      @@saren6538 I think the 88 has more features, you can go to any tascam recorder chat groups and find out for sure. If my memory serves me right there were 4 diffferent models over the years

    • @thallrudedjentstorm1756
      @thallrudedjentstorm1756 Před rokem

      Hey I also use a M-35 Mixer. Mine distorts way early. at about -7 dB it begins to overdrive. Normally with other mixers it's at about 0 dB. Does your Mixer also distort early?
      Maybe I need to calibrate that thing or something. But besides that it sounds amazing.

    • @frankr6475
      @frankr6475 Před rokem

      @@thallrudedjentstorm1756 mine does not distort at -7db but I really don't hit it too hard because I'm recording to digital tape.

  • @ReelX1
    @ReelX1 Před 2 lety +2

    Not at all Nerdy when you happen to have both gems, but I almost forgot about the M-30 since Vu meters were out for ages and just did not get it. due to your video , which was ehm...rather confusing, I grabbed the M30 again, and wow , it is fully functioning. simply magic. do not remember doing any work with it last 10 years...so I am starting dubbing on this again. the Tascam have the best workflow and layout in the business. Reel Workhorses. Roll it!!!thanks man, for the messy comparison. after all, they do not differ that much, but can not compare going to tape in the end. that will diffuse everything. nothing like tape compression.

  • @6832jack
    @6832jack Před 7 měsíci

    Cool, was this with DBX on the tape? Looks like it was turned off on channels 5-8 so curious if you were trying it with and without DBX

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 7 měsíci +1

      I think DBX was off on everything. def off on drums always. it might have been on for guitars this time

    • @6832jack
      @6832jack Před 7 měsíci

      Yes I could hear that little tape hiss once I put headphones on. It's worth it though! I track bands live on mine sometimes so I have to roll with the dbx if we don't have time to mess with levels between takes. Even with DBX on it still rounds off all those transients and adds some sub frequencies that makes the digital versions some how dull and harsh at the same time@@travisraab

  • @michaelleko1894
    @michaelleko1894 Před 2 lety

    Any quick insights on how to get signal out of the m 30? maybe an m 30 tutorial video?? I really enjoy the content. Thank you!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      You can't get any signal at all from your m30?

    • @michaelleko1894
      @michaelleko1894 Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab Thanks for the reply! Every channel peaks when the att is set to 0 I tap the mic and I tap the mic. The only time I can hear anything thru my headphones or see the needles move is when headphones and monitor are set to submix. Idk. I plan on getting my hands on a copy of the manual. Thanks for your time. And again, the content is great! I hope you keep it up!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      @@michaelleko1894 first of all set the att to the next notch nor beyond so it stops peeking. It's not in front of me but submix out should at least get you an aggregate signal. This is a super non intuitive machine and the manual is a necessity

  • @johnkaplun9619
    @johnkaplun9619 Před 2 lety +1

    8 may be wrong but don't they have the same pres? My under standing was the m30 was a 388 without the tape deck. I have an m520 which is dope and I've been using it for everything since I got it. Go Tascam!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      I think the pres are from a very similar era. m520 is a beautiful machine! go tascaaaaam

  • @a.stockton4817
    @a.stockton4817 Před 2 lety

    good stuff. is the m30 the same preamps and internals as the m312b and m320?

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      The m312 looks even more like the 388 than the m30. Just looking at it from the top

    • @a.stockton4817
      @a.stockton4817 Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab true, i thought you compared them a few months back, but i think i was mistaking some other models.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      @@a.stockton4817 havent got my hands on the m312 or m320 yet!

  • @feast2938
    @feast2938 Před 2 lety

    What hi hats are you using? They sound neat

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      I think dark ks?? i can check when i'm back up there remind me

    • @feast2938
      @feast2938 Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab cheers for the recommendation on these hats, just arrived! Great sound ✌️

  • @RemcoJvGrevenbroek
    @RemcoJvGrevenbroek Před rokem

    fow did you connect your m30 to the interface? line in?

  • @George-gk2zs
    @George-gk2zs Před rokem

    what version of dbx is in the 388 ?

  • @jesusguerrero208
    @jesusguerrero208 Před 2 lety

    good morning :D

  • @imothy
    @imothy Před měsícem

    to really hear the character of some preamps you have to at least make one really overdriven mix to push things to the max.

  • @user-iz8dy3yq9d
    @user-iz8dy3yq9d Před 6 měsíci

    Does anyone know if the teac 144 has the same preamps as the m30

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 6 měsíci

      I don't know exactly but I don't think so.

    • @user-iz8dy3yq9d
      @user-iz8dy3yq9d Před 6 měsíci

      @@travisraab damn I recently got a 144 but the motor is frozen. The mixer side works great but idk if it’s worth keeping it or just selling it for parts:/

  • @wavesworld3640
    @wavesworld3640 Před rokem

    How do you set levels for recording?, I’ve got my hands on and m-30, do you use the monitor output?, do you pull the monitor knob all the way up or the fader below?, aahhhhh so many question. 😂
    You should make a video for dummies about “How to set gain and record with an analog tascam mixer”. 🤣

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před rokem +2

      M30 is prob one that confuses the most people out there! I should prob make some more videos on basic recording. Not sure if enough people are interested though

    • @julianmunyard4802
      @julianmunyard4802 Před rokem

      @@travisraabI am!! Please do one haha. A full run down on the m-30 would be amazing, just got one. :)

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před rokem +1

      @@julianmunyard4802 i talk about it in my course tinyurl.com/3u7nysmp

    • @julianmunyard4802
      @julianmunyard4802 Před rokem

      @@travisraab you’ve convinced me

  • @Zackhames
    @Zackhames Před 2 lety +1

    The reduction in ambience / increase in tightness you're hearing may be a result of crosstalk. The signal bleeding into the adjacent channels can make emphasize the mono part of the source. It's kind of weird! (or it could simply be the tapered off high end of tape, de-emphasizing the high end of the reverb, who knows!)

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      Yeah I thought it was #2. But a couple people have mentioned crosstalk. Thanks for your input!

  • @cheekbone4554
    @cheekbone4554 Před rokem

    Nerd checkin in

    • @cheekbone4554
      @cheekbone4554 Před rokem

      M30 sounded more mono and glued probably due to the guitars being less bright.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před rokem

      @@cheekbone4554 i hear you

  • @scottbaxendale323
    @scottbaxendale323 Před 2 lety

    The $2 Tascam preamps always sound thin no matter which unit you’re using. I lived in the Tascam world for years and one API preamp changed everything for me.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      are they $2 wow. I hear you , scott!

    • @saren6538
      @saren6538 Před rokem

      Come on Scott you can’t compare an api fully fledged pre amp to to a mixer that just happens to have preamps .. but we hear you
      What api pre amp model are you referring to ? Thanks

  • @brooke9297
    @brooke9297 Před 2 lety

    Slappadatbass, mon

  • @MrGingerPirate
    @MrGingerPirate Před 2 lety

    Seems to be that ou're a big mac demarco fan ;-)

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      I'm not a super fan, but I got really into one of his albums in like 2015 or 16. he's got some great tunes, and also gets cool sounding recordings. he's great.

    • @MrGingerPirate
      @MrGingerPirate Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab your recordings sound great, too!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      @@MrGingerPirate thanks so much!

  • @Mute67
    @Mute67 Před 2 lety

    My monitor speakers sucks.. I can't hear much of a difference.. need to get my headphones!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      lmk!

    • @Mute67
      @Mute67 Před 2 lety +1

      @@travisraab Now that I have my cheap koss headphones on and I can hear a difference! 388 vs m30 there is a difference no question about it. The first comparsion the m30 sound tighter than 388 - the 388 sounds more open, more space, more presence! m30 more base and more punch to it and hum, if I'm not mistaken. The second case where you isolate the guitars it's opposite! Weird.. 388 to tape you have hiss (naturally) and it has less space in sound but that's the nature of tape at that speed (7.5 ips). Don't know if the 'reverb' feeling to the sound would increase if you overdrive the guitars when recording to tape.

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      @@Mute67 good ears mute!! thanks for lending them🤓

    • @Mute67
      @Mute67 Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab You're welcome! I don't think you can go wrong with either m30 or 388, both sounds great in their own way! 👍

  • @littlevibetown
    @littlevibetown Před 2 lety

    M30 kick!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      it's fatter right?

    • @littlevibetown
      @littlevibetown Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab Yeah! I think you said in another vid, M50 pre amps are about the same as 388 but this shows M50 are beefier and round it out better.
      Also - I getting a little lost when you talk about routing the pre amps through your daw. Are you saying you mic the drums through m50/388 and then put it thru clarrett w out any of the clarrett pre amp?
      Thanks for the great content!

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety +1

      @@littlevibetown yeah my clarett has 8 channels. only 4 of them have preamps. so when i use an external preamp I use the preampless inputs on my clarett.
      I think something to consider regarding the differences are that this just how the kick sounded without any eq on the pres. it's not clear if after applying eq they would sound identical, or which preamp has greater dynamic range. i would need to go a lot deeper before making that call. but right off the bat yeah m30 seems to have more low end on the kick

    • @littlevibetown
      @littlevibetown Před 2 lety

      ​@@travisraab Trav, the preamps are the same on these, but is EQ the same? One just came up locally. Are the 388 and m30 boards dfferent?

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      @@littlevibetown they are not identical as i once thought. both very useable though. how much do they want?

  • @theGIGINIband
    @theGIGINIband Před 2 lety +1

    Yeah you overdrived the guitars, but it sounded good though

  • @Jerkyhammerstopwatch
    @Jerkyhammerstopwatch Před 2 lety

    Instruments you couldn't record?

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      Sure

    • @Jerkyhammerstopwatch
      @Jerkyhammerstopwatch Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab You couldn't record them because of the interface preamp ("sound bad") or because of some physical configuration aspect the m30 now caters too? Apologies if I'm missing sumthng seemingly obvious!

  • @xaosm_os
    @xaosm_os Před měsícem

    same same but different, who cares, they really sound like an early 80s mixer with bunch of hiss and so called "analoginess" that i see all over this channel... idk.... both can print a record or sound like trash. Like always.

  • @vask8ers1
    @vask8ers1 Před 2 lety

    Wanna sell me the Tascam m-30? Lol

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před 2 lety

      Man I'll think about it!

    • @vask8ers1
      @vask8ers1 Před 2 lety

      @@travisraab haha sweet, if so I’m in VA so not too far

    • @vask8ers1
      @vask8ers1 Před rokem

      @@travisraab got lucky and got one! I’m trying to figure out how to send effects to separate tracks, do you have an idea?

    • @travisraab
      @travisraab  Před rokem

      @@vask8ers1 you absolutely need the manual