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Lec 18: Change of variables | MIT 18.02 Multivariable Calculus, Fall 2007

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  • čas přidán 6. 08. 2024
  • Lecture 18: Change of variables.
    View the complete course at: ocw.mit.edu/18-02SCF10
    License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
    More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
    More courses at ocw.mit.edu

Komentáře • 109

  • @samiulbasirtasin40
    @samiulbasirtasin40 Před 4 lety +79

    Lecture 1: Dot Product
    Lecture 2: Determinants
    Lecture 3: Matrices
    Lecture 4: Square Systems
    Lecture 5: Parametric Equations
    Lecture 6: Kepler's Second Law
    Lecture 7: Exam Review (goes over practice exam 1a at 24 min 40 seconds)
    Lecture 8: Partial Derivatives
    Lecture 9: Max-Min and Least Squares
    Lecture 10: Second Derivative Test
    Lecture 11: Chain Rule
    Lecture 12: Gradient
    Lecture 13: Lagrange Multipliers
    Lecture 14: Non-Independent Variables
    Lecture 15: Partial Differential Equations
    Lecture 16: Double Integrals
    Lecture 17: Polar Coordinates
    Lecture 18: Change of Variables
    Lecture 19: Vector Fields
    Lecture 20: Path Independence
    Lecture 21: Gradient Fields
    Lecture 22: Green's Theorem
    Lecture 23: Flux
    Lecture 24: Simply Connected Regions
    Lecture 25: Triple Integrals
    Lecture 26: Spherical Coordinates
    Lecture 27: Vector Fields in 3D
    Lecture 28: Divergence Theorem
    Lecture 29: Divergence Theorem (cont.)
    Lecture 30: Line Integrals
    Lecture 31: Stokes' Theorem
    Lecture 32: Stokes' Theorem (cont.)
    Lecture 33: Maxwell's Equations
    Lecture 34: Final Review
    Lecture 35: Final Review (cont.)

  • @LAnonHubbard
    @LAnonHubbard Před 10 lety +47

    It was awesome to learn about the Jacobian. I've seen this here and there and never understood what it was. Thanks!!

  • @HenryEBrass
    @HenryEBrass Před 5 lety +10

    Dr. Auroux is terrific at impromptu sketching. 19:14, look at the neatness of all six boards!

  • @avixek
    @avixek Před 14 lety +13

    I am completely following the mit courseware to study my pre engineering courses awesome > thanks MIT

  • @wontpower
    @wontpower Před 6 lety +53

    At first, I though "rangle" was just a weird shorthand for rectangle

  • @ashwinjain5566
    @ashwinjain5566 Před 2 lety +4

    i was completely lost for 2 whole days trying to make intuitive sense of it after my college professor taught us this. I mean i only got taught the algorithm for finding the jacobian but not what it actually is but after watching this, it finally clicked and i am so happy lmao

  • @NehadHirmiz
    @NehadHirmiz Před 9 lety +11

    Prof. Auroux, Thank you for these wonderful lectures

  • @yashagarwal3999
    @yashagarwal3999 Před 3 lety +2

    The best ever way to teach Jacobians, wow greatest of the great, Jacobians .......great, the professor explanation ...great

  • @prafullvilas1931
    @prafullvilas1931 Před 3 lety +2

    I wouldn't have built this mentality that I'll never be able to get even average at maths if we had teachers like this 🙏🙏🙏

  • @111abdurrahman
    @111abdurrahman Před 5 lety

    This is a pure enjoyment to take Prof. Auorox lectures

  • @atul6147
    @atul6147 Před 2 lety +3

    he does it not as if he's doing math, but like art, like poetry

  • @norbitaspower
    @norbitaspower Před 11 lety +3

    great professor. thank you mit for this classes.

  • @vinaydeepbeeram6698
    @vinaydeepbeeram6698 Před 2 lety +2

    Professor Dennis Auroux's #1 Fan

  • @wildfire5932
    @wildfire5932 Před 10 lety +15

    17:29 by the way a rangle is a bit of gravel fed to a hawk

  • @priyanksharma1124
    @priyanksharma1124 Před 5 lety +1

    Nailed it! what an awesome lecture

  • @leochen8149
    @leochen8149 Před 3 lety

    So brilliant lecture, help me a lot!

  • @elamvaluthis7268
    @elamvaluthis7268 Před 2 lety +1

    Very nice.painstakingly explaining things nice.

  • @serden8804
    @serden8804 Před 5 lety +2

    Perfect professor and perfect explanation, how strange

  • @Manocheher.A
    @Manocheher.A Před rokem +1

    I was looking at some of these videos as recently I took all my college math classes. I was able to follow along but got a bit out of tract. Later, I noticed I have yet to take this class and will need it in university. 😂

  • @codingWorld709
    @codingWorld709 Před 3 lety

    Thanks Sir. You are very handsom

  • @saitrinath2591
    @saitrinath2591 Před 11 lety +1

    i like math series in ocw mit veryy much

  • @GodlessNfree
    @GodlessNfree Před 10 lety +1

    great video thanks

  • @Pctech4uproductions
    @Pctech4uproductions Před 7 lety +4

    Fantastic Lecture. Loved it.. Thanks a lot :)

  • @An1MuS
    @An1MuS Před 15 lety

    Thank you a lot.

  • @10keys
    @10keys Před 14 lety

    @fermixx he did it without the drawing... he drew the bounds.... and the way he figured the second bound drawing he did was just plug in the x y points into the substitution equations he made for u v...

  • @nadekang8198
    @nadekang8198 Před 5 lety

    Again, I wish I had a calculus professor like him........instead of professors writing and teaching calculus using their own textbook purely with mathematica....it was so hard for me to get the intuition when I was in college...

  • @binyillikcinar
    @binyillikcinar Před 15 lety +1

    How does Jacobian go with nonlinear transformations? Namely if I have u=g(x,y) v=h(x,y) then will dudv=|J|dxdy be satisfied where J=(dg/dx dg/dy; dh/dx dh/dy) ? (here d's are actually referring to partial derivatives)

  • @rishavdhariwal4782
    @rishavdhariwal4782 Před 3 měsíci

    Prof. Auroux used a linear approx for the general case to show how small changes in x and y can be related to u and v by their respective partial derivatives given that u=g(x,y) v=h(x,y), but this will only be valid for as said small changes in x and y. Therefore if changes in x and y are of finite value (meaning the region we are integrating over has some finite but non zero change in their x,y coords) then how will we relate the da element of such a region to the da' (area element in u,v coords)?

  • @squirtlesquirtle94
    @squirtlesquirtle94 Před 6 lety +2

    Explanation of the relationship between the determinant of the Jacobian and the change of variables was handwavy at best! Would be nice to see a rigorous derivation of how these things work instead of accepting a magic formula...

  • @13Septem13
    @13Septem13 Před 13 lety +1

    @Djole0 "It is the second semester in the freshman calculus sequence"

  • @ZopteY
    @ZopteY Před 11 lety +1

    THAAAAAAANKKKK YOUUUUU!

  • @alexryyan
    @alexryyan Před 9 měsíci

    I KNEW IT WAS A LINEAR TRANSFORMATION. I am retaking calc 3 cuz my HS credit didnt count and having taken lin alg, i saw the jacobian and im like WAITTTTT A SECOND. I cannot believe its not standard to teach what the Jacobian actually is (ik its not always linear but I digress)

  • @shakesbeer00
    @shakesbeer00 Před 12 lety

    10:23 In the u-v coordinates, should the parallelogram still be referred to as Delta A, instead of Delta A'?

  • @shakesbeer00
    @shakesbeer00 Před 12 lety +2

    I am a little confused. It seems to me that u-axis and v-axis should not be perpendicular to each other.

  • @pdxginni
    @pdxginni Před 14 lety

    @pdxginni Yes, it's just me. I had the screen maximized. Wouldn't pass without minimizing.

  • @thatsfantastic313
    @thatsfantastic313 Před 11 měsíci

    ♥ Love to MIT

  • @DeepakSah3.0
    @DeepakSah3.0 Před 8 lety

    thanku

  • @bobkameron
    @bobkameron Před 3 lety

    This course is awesome!

  • @not_amanullah
    @not_amanullah Před měsícem

    Thanks ❤🤍

  • @pyrole
    @pyrole Před 4 lety

    Finally understood Jacobian :)

  • @quasirdp
    @quasirdp Před 4 lety

    perfection

  • @dishapanchal3060
    @dishapanchal3060 Před 3 lety

    AT we reach 35 minutes of this lecture,
    Why they have written -rsin∅? what is x sub theta?

  • @lee_land_y69
    @lee_land_y69 Před 5 lety +3

    intro to linear transformations and horrors of linear algebra haha

  • @debendragurung3033
    @debendragurung3033 Před 6 lety +1

    17:49 I like the word rangle

  • @ishadev01
    @ishadev01 Před 3 lety

    thankyou sir

  • @Bunk_Moreland
    @Bunk_Moreland Před 8 lety +5

    what does "rangle" even mean? it is clearly a shorthand for rectangle

    • @dagonmeister
      @dagonmeister Před 3 lety

      Get the feeling that classroom is full of trolling

  • @user-dt8xi7cd4e
    @user-dt8xi7cd4e Před 8 lety +3

    who didn't understand the transformation of variables I recommend you to watch wildberger linear algebra series on you tube it is very helpful, he will take step by step with a wonderful journey of linear algebra.

    • @youmah25
      @youmah25 Před 8 lety

      +rami nejem نعم

    • @VineetKumar-wp9yr
      @VineetKumar-wp9yr Před 6 lety

      rami nejem go and watch 3blue1brown series on linear algebra

  • @jimallysonnevado3973
    @jimallysonnevado3973 Před 3 lety +1

    I have some small issue about the Jacobian. Why do we even need to take the absolute value of the determinant? In single variable case, the derivative can similarly be thought of as the "exchange rate" for the dx to du if we change variables and in the sense similar to the Jacobian but in there even if the detivative is negative we don't take absolute values. But why should we take absolute values in the Jacobian determinant case?

    • @joebrinson5040
      @joebrinson5040 Před 2 lety

      Because area is always a positive value and you are using the Jacobian as the "scaling factor" between two areas.

    • @jimallysonnevado3973
      @jimallysonnevado3973 Před 2 lety

      @@joebrinson5040 but that does not address the one dimensional case. For instance if you are going to compute the integral of x^2 dx from x=0 to x=1. If you want to do the substitution u=-x, you will similarly get du=-dx. The negative sign means we are multiplying by -1 which can also be thought of as the one-dimensional Jacobian. However, in this case we are not allowed to take absolute value because it will change the value of the integral. Ie, (if we take absolute values also in one-dimensional case) the integral in variable u will become integral (-u)^2 |-1| du from u=0 to u=-1. Which further becomes -1/3. But the actual value of the original integral is 1/3. Clearly, we don't take absolute values in one-dimensional case but why we do it in higher-dimensional integrals?

    • @dsdsspp7130
      @dsdsspp7130 Před rokem

      @@jimallysonnevado3973 I think you're right.
      you need to use the Jacobian itself both in the one dimension and higher dimensional cases.
      you could also just switch the lower and upper bounds with each other.
      if transformation of your space changes orientation then the integral will change signs so you need to multiply it by a negative one, regardless of dimension.

  • @Souliee
    @Souliee Před 15 lety

    thanks :)

  • @fermixx
    @fermixx Před 14 lety +1

    is there any way to change the bounds of integrations without drawing? because most of the times it wont be so easy to draw. (or i wont have the time to do it)
    cant i just plug in the bound values into the change of variable's equations or do some other calculus?

    • @SPRINGGREEN813
      @SPRINGGREEN813 Před 27 dny

      I think the jacobian is used for that(btw, what are you doing after 14 years)

  • @ahmadhaitham6177
    @ahmadhaitham6177 Před 8 lety

    How come he considered a hyperbola that passed by (x=0) and (y=0) simultaneously ???
    at 46:55 .

    • @hershyfishman2929
      @hershyfishman2929 Před 4 lety

      The integral has to include all values of (x, y) from x = 0 to 1 and from y = 0 to 1. The actual point (0, 0) won't matter if you include it or not since the function is 0 at that point, but you can't start at the "next" point. There is no next point. As close as you get to (0,0) there will always be infinite points yet closer.

  • @crane8035
    @crane8035 Před 2 lety +1

    I'm no expert but around 15:30
    The prof. depicts the parallelogram in the UV plane ,but in reality the the sides are still on the axes in the UV plane because the axes them selves are sheared. But when we look at it from the vantage point of the XY plane ,they take the form such parallelogram.

  • @HanitpalSingh
    @HanitpalSingh Před 11 lety

    i didn't catch "rangle" until the students pointed it out

  • @DestinyQx
    @DestinyQx Před 14 lety

    heh RANGLE! @ 17:15 i never took multi calc, he seems like a good prof

  • @liviumircea6905
    @liviumircea6905 Před 3 lety

    Why du*dv = 5*dx*dy ? 'A' region is a rectangle but A' is a parallelogram and its area is not du*dv ...

  • @aniketkedare8
    @aniketkedare8 Před 7 lety

    Why where limit were not defined in terms of u and v in respect of x and y

  • @shoxruxturaev1931
    @shoxruxturaev1931 Před 6 lety

    i'm confused to the extent that i don't know what i'm confused about. ( probably i'm missing something)

  • @abab7196
    @abab7196 Před 6 lety +2

    40:32 hahauahaha he really hit the nail with saying some mysterious function ahhwuauaHWWUWHWHAA

  • @novanecros9145
    @novanecros9145 Před 4 lety +1

    Don't y'all love a good ol' rangle?

  • @shukiboy5514
    @shukiboy5514 Před 6 lety

    nice

  • @hnkul702
    @hnkul702 Před 12 lety +1

    16:31 "For any other rangle"?

  • @jrkirby93
    @jrkirby93 Před 13 lety +1

    rangle

  • @nate7645
    @nate7645 Před rokem

    Filled with rage that my terrible calc 3 prof's lecture is a waste of time compared to this

  • @thereisnogodbutdalegribble5687

    Does anyone else really like the yellow chalk at 13:37 ?

  • @CotyAbadie
    @CotyAbadie Před 13 lety +1

    The one person that disliked this didn't get into MIT.

  • @pdxginni
    @pdxginni Před 14 lety

    Is it just me, or does this lecture stop working at 2:31? I've restarted, but nothing.

  • @chaitanyaanish8103
    @chaitanyaanish8103 Před 8 lety +1

    my doubt in this lecture: sir told dA' is the area of the square in uv coordinates,but acc. to the diagram it dA' is the area of a parallelogram whose sides are not parallel to uv axes,how can that be possible

    • @deeptochatterjee532
      @deeptochatterjee532 Před 6 lety +2

      Chaitanya Anish Actually he said the area of the square is proportional to dxdy and so when you convert the variables the scaling factor of the areas should be equal to the ratio of dudv to dxdy

  • @rarulis
    @rarulis Před 10 lety

    rangle is a funny sounding word.

  • @muddwell
    @muddwell Před 15 lety +1

    thats cool chalk.

  • @MrDevin666
    @MrDevin666 Před 12 lety

    MIT or UCLA for medicine?

    • @DeadPool-jt1ci
      @DeadPool-jt1ci Před 4 lety

      there not even comparable , i hope u chose MIT

  • @Djole0
    @Djole0 Před 13 lety

    is this the first year of college?

  • @weltschmerz137
    @weltschmerz137 Před 11 lety +1

    lol close up of rangle

  • @MegaRickastley
    @MegaRickastley Před 11 lety

    Those blackboards...

  • @084148
    @084148 Před 12 lety

    @MrDevin666 UCLA

  • @morani789
    @morani789 Před 10 lety

    Two people go to Harvard...

    • @youmah25
      @youmah25 Před 8 lety

      +morani789 and 3 to stanford

  • @and1fer
    @and1fer Před 10 lety

    MATGRRIXUE!!

  • @DieguezCreate
    @DieguezCreate Před 12 lety +1

    i hear he was kermit's voice on sesame street for some time 0.o

  • @danideboe
    @danideboe Před 7 lety

    Prof Leonard is way better

    • @kittycat1768
      @kittycat1768 Před 7 lety +1

      ya, but his videos are insanely long (imagine how long it would take to watch an entire course)

    • @malefetsanekoalane4549
      @malefetsanekoalane4549 Před rokem

      @@kittycat1768 If you think that is long try Prof Leonard. Now that is insane.

  • @MeAndCola
    @MeAndCola Před 5 lety +1

    I hate the camerawork

  • @georgen9755
    @georgen9755 Před 6 měsíci

    Spam

  • @MsKouider
    @MsKouider Před 4 lety

    french is so hhhhh