Fermentation Media: Nitrogen Source (Urdu/Hindi) | Industrial Microbiology Lecture 15|

Nitrogen Source
Most industrial microbes can utilize both inorganic and organic nitrogen sources.
Inorganic nitrogen may be supplied as ammonium salts, often ammonium sulfate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, or ammonia.
Ammonia can also be used to adjust the pH of the fermentation. Organic nitrogen sources include amino acids, proteins and urea.
Nitrogen is often supplied in crude forms that are essentially byproducts of other industries, such as corn steep liquor, yeast extracts, peptones and soya meal.
YEAST EXTRACTS
Yeast extracts may be produced from baker’s and brewer’s yeast, or other strains of S. cerevisiae. Alternate sources are Kluyveromyces marxianus (formerly classified as K. fragilis) grown on whey and Candida utilis cultivated using ethanol, or wastes from wood and paper processing.
Those extracts used in the formulation of fermentation media are normally salt-free concentrates of soluble components of hydrolysed yeast cells.
Yeast extracts with sodium chloride concentrations greater than 0.05% (w/v) cannot be used in fermentation processes due to potential corrosion problems.
Yeast cell hydrolysis is often achieved by autolysis, using the cell’s endogenous enzymes, usually without the need for additional hydrolytic enzymes. #Fermentation #Media #nitrogensource
Autolysis can be initiated by temperature or osmotic shock, causing cells to die but without inactivating their enzymes.
Temperature and pH are controlled throughout to ensure an optimal and standardized autolysis process.
Purified amino acids are used only in special situations, usually as precursors for specific products.
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