#68 - Muscle fiber types revisited with Professor Wim Derave
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- čas přidán 5. 08. 2024
- Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Wim Derave from the Ghent University in Belgium. We talked about the different muscle fibres/fiber types in humans and his recent evidence that pure Type 2X muscle fibers may not really exist or maybe only in some sedentary individuals. He also made the point that muscle fiber type info is not used enough in sports contexts. He outlined some non invasive ways of estimating your muscle fibre types. Finally we discussed remarkable and important findings that antihistamines may reduce some exercise training adaptations. A very interesting, long chat. Twitter: @TeamDerave.
0:00. Introduction and how Wim got into exercise research
7:02. Different types of muscle fiber types
10:10. Humans tend to be a slow fiber type species
12:10. Humans hunt by wearing down our prey
17:50. Can ex training change muscle fiber type?
22:00. For sprinters the more fast fibers the better?
24:00. The different types of muscle fibers
26:58. He finds no type 2X muscle fibers in humans
31:00. Some sedentary people may have a few type 2X fibers
34:50. New methods to determine muscle fibre type
37:20. Coexistence of more than one fiber type within a fiber?
42:50. Slow twitch fibers are more efficient
43:44. Sedentary/tapering and type 2X fibers
46:30. More fast twitch fibers in insulin resistance
50:51. Non invasive ways to estimate muscle fibre type
57:20. Swimming vs muscle fiber type
1:00:02. 30 second cycling sprint to estimate muscle fiber type
1:05:10. Coaches and muscle fiber type
1:07:10. Applying muscle fiber type info to sport
1:09:20. Hamstring strains, overtraining, tapering and muscle fiber type
1:17:45. Slow fibers barely fatigue
1:19:30. Diet and muscle fiber type
1:30:30. Non muscle cells needed for skeletal muscle training adaptations
1:38:50. Antihistamines may reduce ex training adaptations
1:46:20. Sex differences and muscle fibre type
1:47:33. Age and muscle fibre type
1:49:35. Takeaway messages
2:00:51. Outro (9 seconds)
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (link.springer.com/book/10.100....
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Not medical advice - Věda a technologie
Thanks for another eye-opener!
Damn though, I always take antihistamines in the peak training season 😩
Daniel Sturridge said this of his injury history back in 2014 "“Maybe it’s my body type, maybe it’s hereditary. Both my uncles had injuries, and my dad had them as well. Maybe it’s the Caribbean vibes, maybe I have speed but maybe it makes you more vulnerable because of the fast twitch muscles and the speed in which you’re moving." So it turns out, if he does have a higher % of fast twitch fibres, he maybe correct. Just reading Prof Wim's paper on it
Excellent podcast!
Great stuff! I would love an at home muscle fiber % test. It would be useful for seeing training effects. The electrical induced twitch measurement and carnosine measurement and the 30s sprint with lactate measurement sound promising.
Great episode! It seems a bit absolute to say that slow twitch fibers don't fatigue and fast twitch fibers can't burn fat, but that's interesting if the differences are so strong to say that in certain contexts.
As an aside there was a study that looked at muscle fiber type in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Quote: "The results showed that fibre-type proportion was significantly altered in CSF samples, which showed a shift from the slow- to the fast-twitch phenotype". From: Functional characterization of muscle fibres from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: case-control study (2009) T Pietrangelo 1, L Toniolo, A Paoli, S Fulle, C Puglielli, G Fanò, C Reggiani Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
. 2009 Apr-Jun;22(2):427-36.
Interesting. So type 1 to type 2A I assume. I wonder how much. Seems unusual to be more than 15% or so Wim was implying. Thank you.
Great video! Is there the link or reference for the wingate test to identify fiber types?
Thanks
I was surprised by the info about 2x being lost. What about the study doing a biopsy on Colin Jackson which found he had 25% 2x?
ok, just go up to the mention of this study. So that study is an aberration.
This is interesting but useful for anything other that sports might be a stretch.. Good luck.
VERY interesing, has listen few times.
On additional note: Andy Galpin's lab did muscle biopsies on high level weightlifers, his finding was that overall they displayed IIA-fiber dominance with no IIXs, but superheavyweights had some amount of IIx-fibers. These are usually obese individuals because their weightclass doesn't have upper limit so in order to get more muscle they can gain more fat. Lower weightclasses are limited by upper weight limit. Training regime presumably is the same for everyone.
Andy Galpin wasn't able to explain why this was. Does it have something to do with high bodyfat-%? Or something else? They are highly trained athletes after all. Sample size might be an issue however, i don't know how many superheavyweights they did test.
That study didn't measure body fat or specifics of their training that may explain the expression of the IIa/IIx fibers in the super heavyweight lifters. As a result no direct conclusions could be drawn. However future studies are urged to include single fiber characterization and body mass measures as well as body mass distribution (fat mass specifically).
@@n827That's great to hear! As of late i've come to think that maybe higher bodyweight causes more sedentary lifestyle as compared to lighter weightclasses where you might even want to move bit more to be able to eat more.
But again would love to hear more from this in the future.
Thanks for the great podcast as always. I'm curious about the comment on fat versus carb oxidation in Type II fibers, I would have thought that at low % of VO2 Type II fibers would use a lot of fat just like Type I. Does the size principle play a role here? I.e. are Type II fibers usually in the bigger motor units so that you are mostly using them when at low intensity (and hence you might only use Type II fibers approaching higher intensities), or are the Type I and Type II fibers spread more equally between motor units of different sizes?
Lower threshold fibers while recruited first to higher threshold fibers doesn't mean the lower threshold fibers are not activated when higher threshold fibers are recruited. I.e. fat oxidation is highest at lower thresholds when low threshold fibers are primarily recruited but type IIa fibers also have a decent oxidation capacity. Type IIx have a significantly lower capacity and therefore less desirable