Incredibly rare and radioactive elements ☢
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- čas přidán 8. 06. 2024
- Plutonium, Uranium, Holmium, Neptunium, Curium and many more.
We're at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Tennessee. More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
ORNL: www.ornl.gov
Our thanks to Rose Boll and the team.
Our videos on all 118 elements: bit.ly/118elements
Our previous video from Oak Ridge (the Thorium Cow): • Milking the Thorium Co...
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This video features isotopes of Plutonium, Uranium, Neptunium, Americium, Protactinium, Actinium, Technetium, Berkelium, Holmium, Californium, Curium and Polonium.
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From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
With thanks to the Garfield Weston Foundation.
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
Brady's Blog: www.bradyharanblog.com
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I love this because most of these samples look very, very unremarkable but when you know what you're actually looking at, it's one of the most interesting things you can see on the Internet.
make a bowle warm milk and do all that powder in it, have a nice cacao with it.
Little deaths in tiny bottles
@@Patttiat yep,especially nice if you will calculate the price for your cacao after that!
I've had technetium-99 for a medical test. It was one of the scariest tests I've ever been through and I'm someone who used to pass out when getting my blood drawn because I had such a severe needle phobia. I got to the room for the test and two technicians began swathing me in protective clothing covering every inch of skin from the neck down with a lead blanket underneath. I had to put on two pairs of medical gloves and then a pair of really thick mitts which were taped closed, then one tech went into another room and came out in a full body suit carrying my radioactive breakfast. I just looked at them and said, "I'm supposed to EAT this stuff?!" Afterwards I was told to stay away from pregnant people for the next 24 hours because I was too radioactive to be near a fetus.
what were you getting tested for?
@@maryjanehansen7947 A gastric emptying test. It's to determine the speed that food moves from your stomach to your intestines
@@0verv0ltage I know, but no one explained that to me at the time so it was scarier than it needed to be. It's not completely insignificant to the patient though if spending a short time time near a pregnant person afterwards would be enough to potentially damage a fetus.
A single nuclear imaging study _does_ increase your risk of cancer, although it's a small increased risk for an individual test, but medical radiation has a cumulative effect and every doctor acts like they're the only one who has ever ordered one of the riskier tests/procedures for a patient (nuclear imaging test, CT scan, fluoroscopy, panoramic dental x-ray.)
@@nowaround312 hmmm that's creepy
@@nowaround312 Gastric emptying exams are on the very low end of radiation exposure. You probably got 1-2 mCi of radiation in your food. For comparison, a bone scan will be 25-30 mCi, and a thyroid ablation can be around 200 mCi. Your technologist should have done a better job of explaining this to you.
I've always called it pink. - Rose, 2019
Roses are red
Violets are blue
Holmium is pink
And so do u lol
Roses are red
Violets are blue
Holmium is pink
Anyone who writes these utterly unoriginal and tiring comments, should drink ink
@@gabor6259 so I assume you've drank your ink?
@@petercarioscia9189 they haven’t replied so you’re probably right
Technetium - 99… *phone rings*
Prof. Martyn: "Hello."
Idk why that's particularly funny to me XD
i found the hallou funny
hello this is technetium-99
Technetium difficulties
Same like me dude
Moshi moshi, technetium 99, desu.
I've had Technicium 99m injected for a bone scan. It's a little strange when you see the scans and realise YOU are the Gamma source.
Fun fact: Each of those gold bars is currently worth £400,000!
Gareth Evans - the man who needs no flashlight. 😁
I take ten to go, please.
People who have recently had radioiodine treatment have to keep letters from their oncologists to document that they're undergoing the treatment. Why? Because they set off radiation detectors on places like the NYC subway -- this has actually happened.
@@Tindometari Not to talk about airports, SWAT is like 2 sec from take you down if you don't have this with you.
Did you feel heat through your vains when you got injected? The produce it in a reactor close where i live.
Thank you Professor, I was blown away by your statement at the end about how these ( to me ) tiny samples constitute the majority amount of these elements in the world.
I didn’t do very well at school and up until that point I wasn’t that impressed as I assumed they just chipped a bit off a much larger sample.
I know I would have done so much more if you were my teacher back then.
Although now you have given me a passion for chemistry and the sciences in general so for that I want to thank you.
My late grandmother worked at Oak Ridge during WW2 making fissile material for the atomic bombs, although they wouldn't tell her at the time what they were doing. She said it was a really fun job, and compared it to playing a video game.
You might already be aware, but there's a great book about women like your grandmother and the work that they did at Oak Ridge called The Girls of Atomic City by Denise Kiernan. I highly recommend it.
I would love that job -- or working in a fuel-reprocessing plant. That would be *fascinating* work.
@@Tindometari yeah,especially true about fuel reprocessing!Yet I would have been even more happy to actually run such a place..especially privately 😎👍
There is (almost) no publicly available footage of these elements and their compounds .
Very cool! Also interesting to see how they are handled and stored.
Too bad they can never be part of my element collection.
they would decay and be gone in less than a year,nature would scam you
Tc99 is not out of the question. You could pretty easily separate out some of it from the urine of a person who received a Tc99m treatment (contrary to what the video says, Tc99 has a half life of >200k years, Tc99m decays to Tc99 by gamma emission but Tc99 itself isn't super radioactive). The quantity in the urine will be only about 10ng, though. Americium 241 (about 1 microgram) can be obtained from an ionizing smoke alarm.
You could get some Americium-241 from a smoke alarm I believe, I doubt you’d be able to see it though.
Some Can be a Part of Your Element Collection Bro..... You could Get Thorium, Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium and Americium In Your Element Collection bro......... In my Element Collection Out of all of these I have Just 1 so Far..............
@Kontham Vaibhavnith Reddy Kontham Vaibhavnith Reddy I only got Uranium So Far.... But Trust me.... I Plan to Get More.... Element Collectors CAN OBTAIN These Elementz if they really Want
Watching this guy get so excited about radioactive elements is one of the most wholesome things I have seen
Sir Martyn's enthusiasm is amazing. I once met him in the tram on the way to Uni. Ten minutes of the best conversation...
prof: we are going to take you on a safari
why do i feel so excited like a kid on a school trip rn
Better than any school trip I've ever been on.
Better than any video I'd seen there, for that matter.
Give us Neil's workout routine!!!!! His arms make us envious.
Us?
@@ShainAndrews My friends.
Probably got it from handling all that radioactive stuff. It worked with Peter and Bruce.
He benchpresses Jamie Hyneman 4 times a day.
Neil uses Lead weights.
That was a really great video!
A side note: American English is so much more pleasant to listen to. Maybe some people don't agree.
I'd very much like to to Hear Rose talk about the lab protocols, storage and production. Really interesting stuff.
Rumor has it, none of the workers are plutonium deficient.
Necronomicon: Very very very clever!!
I got wooshed.
Some of these lab tech are young women. How does radiation effect them?
This isn't exactly a military installation, but I would like to thank all these people for their service in dealing with and producing such highly dangerous samples that are used to save lives and for other strategic research.
Oh but man ORNL is just as protective as a military base if not more.
Love when I open CZcams and there is a new PT video ❤️
Thank you all for the excellent content.
Hugs from Brazil
A fair lady hopes that a gentleman comes along to appreciate and court her in the way Sir Martin admires the plutonium oxide. Haha
"Ahh bugger im sorry" Love this guy.
8:42 That is a dose alarm from her SLR (stimulated luminescence dosimetry). If it did not go off for 800mr i wonder what that sample was reading.
Definitely on the "R scale". Enough that neutrons from that one sample shine through the building and occasionally account for an elevated dose on people's SLR.
I sample and handle reactor coolant at a nuclear power plant and I get about 20 millirem per year. 800 mR per h on contact blows my mind!
Depends most are set at either 2 or 5 R/hr dose rate, some also are designed to beep with neutrons at any count above a user selected threashold. Visibly green Cf solution though 😲😲😲😲 a bit too spicy for me to want to hold lol. Neutrons aren't once and done, they can make you radioactive🤓
Tell the Queen she will have to call you later... 4:53 LOL
Around 1970 when I was in the 6th grade my class took a field trip to oak ridge. I remember the mechanical arm work chambers with the 6 foot thick glass windows, and also doing "tricks" with a van der graaf generator and my long haired classmates. But the thing I most remember is standing at the edge of a 20 ft deep open pool and seeing the eerie blue glow coming from a reactor at the bottom and wondering what would happen if I hopped over the rail and jumped in.
Not a whole lot, unless you swim towards the reactor and get within one or two meter or so. The water is a highly effective radiation shield.
Well, if you purposefully jumped into it, you would certainly get into very serious problems with the law.
You'd probably be in more danger from the guards than the radiation, unless you dove all the way down.
4:52
Tell Kim Jong Un he has to call later to buy the elements for weapons
‘Dosey’. Love it!
I got a chuckle out of that one.
Chernobyl clean-up workers without protective gear: "comrade, today the area around the explosion feels quite dosey, don't you think?"
1:47 *Sees vial labeled NPO2* Oh, nitrogen phosphorus dioxide, that doesn't sound particularly dangerous.
*Dies of radiation poisoning*
*drinks it*
lower case p...
NpO2
@@lancer2204 That's what is in the vial, sure, but it's not what they wrote on it. If anything, it looks more like it says nPo2 xD
If it were NPO2 I would say "explosive", but NpO2 sounds more plausible.
With such small amounts, how do they make sure they get everything out of the containers?
I feel bad for leaving tiny amounts of jam in a jar and that stuff is cheap...
They ship the whole container, then dissolve it in acid.
memberwhen
They do, they're called conical vials. A pipette gets right to the bottom of the cone to get everything out, and then a second wash w/ solvent would ensure all the material is used.
The glass vial is a few dollars, the sample may be hundreds of thousands, I'll bet the bottle gets sacrificed.
Valuable isotopes will also get recycelt. You wash every flask 2-3 times with acid and collect the solution.
@@gromann Those Wheaton vials are pretty expensive (about $10 each) but yes, much less than the sample. Sacrificing wouldn't help you to get the contents out, though, because it would risk contaminating it with tiny pieces of glass.
With how the professor quickly answered the phone, you would think he was Batman..lol
Kennedy's Locksport rumour has it the bit that was cut just after he answered was him running to a helicopter to save the world from a chemical disaster
@@theobreakspear3323 Nah, he was solving a Chemystery.
Hmm... Come to think of it, I've never seen the professor and the Batman together...
Speaking of large amounts of rare elements - I once had the pleasure to attend a talk by a researcher from the Pacific Northwest National Lab in Richland, WA on the gram-scale properties of Technitium. One of the only other places in the world to have enough to make macroscopically visible chunks.
"Periodic Safaris" might make a nice travelogue series for Brady... more focused in the history of any given element, visiting places of discovery, etc. PV already does some of that, true.
I _know_ that just looking at _pictures_ of the plutonium oxides on my computer screen _can't possibly_ harm me in _any_ way, and yet... I *still* found myself scooching backwards from my computer desk. XD
8000 * 250 = $2 million just for shipping something you could pile on one fingernail. :-O
They would either pay me triple or guarantee me super powers before I would transport it!
Why is it so expensive to ship?
@@tomshawuk rarity + radioactivity
@@simontay4851 Well you need about three feet of lead to protect the driver who has to sit by it for days, then there's the security and the insurance.
You should watch the Thorium cow video. 1g of Ac-225 would be around $1 trillion!
My day is made when this channel uploads!
Prof. Poliokoff missed your voice. I always enjoy chemistry more when you explain it. Quit fond of the Periodic Videos and love science. Cheers to all you guys there at the University.
I love your videos, they inspire me to read more on chemistry and, potentially, persue a career in it!
I really enjoy these videos on nuclear chemistry. Great work, Brady & Professor!
The narrator is so wholesome! I just found this channel and I'm in love
I wish I knew when Brady was visiting Oak Ridge. I live in Knoxville, and it would be nice to meet him, or are least see him at the airport.
4:08 that 3rd glove is for poor 3-armed Garry who got exposed with too much radiation and developed a third arm
XD
Gaston The Dank 'Tiel: Some wouldn't mind having a "third" leg.
It's for the enslaved vortigaunts. Quite dark, really
You need it to rech every place in the box
A brilliant video showing man-made elements in visible amounts. Absolutely fascinating
So glad the highly radioactive elements are in a file cabinet with a combination lock
Each of those small vials could be worth a million dollars, so worth locking up!
It is a fireking cabinet, so typically much more robust than a normal cabinet. Also, that appears to me to be a group 2 S&g lock which is likely more than enough given where it is located.
Don't tell the lockpicking lawyer about that
Perhaps there will eventually be Poliakoffium!
Yes element 119!
What do you think his hairs are of ?
"most of the worlds supply" -- but keeps it in a office cabinet-drawer. lol
great video as usual keep making these.
Ha! Not pictured were the armed guards, acres of remote woodlands, and layers of restricted access doors that led to the locked cabinet inside of a contamination area
Thank you very much for showing us these videos!
I have read about all of this stuff at Oak Ridge so much. It is great to finally get to see it.
I think I saw a BF3 spherical neutron detector in there. Y'all tea drinking islanders should do a video on how those work. Very interesting chemistry going on.
I love this channel so much!
I absolutely love this channel. I can't believe how much the periodic table of the elements has changed in the last 40 years!!! Thank you for enlightening me and helping me further understand elemental science. 👍
What a great video to have not just one sample but all the individual isotopes of a particular element is unbelievable
Half-Life 3 in 20 Years confirmed!
I'm sure that, in 1985, it's available at every corner drugstore. But, in 1955, Plutonium's a little hard to come by!!
Doc ?
Finally I found a back to future reference
I live about 20 minutes away from Oak Ridge, I used to live in Oak Ridge and work in Knoxville, but traffic is a nightmare to get through when the plant workers leave at 5 p.m. Really cool that you guys were able to visit the place......love your channel by the way. :)
Your channel will always reinvigorate my interest in natural wonders!
If the Geiger counter can read through the glass and those gloves look really thin, how does the glove box protect the reseachers?
All shielding is about reducing the dose as low as possible, it can never be exactly zero.
Notice that they took the sample out of a lead container and only brought it out for a short period Of time!
The primary purpose of the glovebox is to contain the material and prevent the spread of contamination. Radiation shielding is a secondary function.
Radiation protection is all about distance, shielding, and time of exposure. Now, the gloves in glove boxes are made to absorb as much radiation as possible (I'm not clear on exactly how), but since shielding and distance are minimal in this case, they handle the materials for the briefest time possible.
@@Tindometari Some gloves are actually doped with lead. The drawback is that this reduces dexterity.
This mans weed guy is calling at 4:52
Thank you for this wonderful opportunity Professor and Brady!!! BRILLIANT!
Please keep giving us these amazing videos, your method of teaching is so easy to absorb anyone can learn from you. Thank you so much Professor.
What happens if they drop one of those jars?
Seems like a LOT of handling, with very thick gloves.
well, that's why they're in fumigation chambers with leaded glass, would you suggest something different? I understand it's dangerous but that's not an excuse to remain ignorant
@@ebtsoby I was simply asking what their contingency plan is for when such a thing occurs.
@@AvyScottandFlower i would imagine that the designs of these containers are built to withstand shock and are generally much more durable than they appear. Im not a chemist so correct me if im wrong but i would think with the value and relative danger of these elements that they would take xtra precautions
@@scooter9542 As someone who works with the elements in this video, I can attest to the amount of extra extra extra read-all-about-it precautions that we take
Not a lot of ways around it. I'm still waiting for my number to come up one of these days. You hear stories of people dropping the equivalent of millions of dollars on the floor. Not much you can do besides recover what you can and then spend a whooooooole lot of time trying to clean it back to isotopic purity.
4:06 So that is what the Ooze was that made the Ninja Turtles.
Thank you for all these great videos. Amazing to see such chemicals and elements together. I can only imagine all the work to coordinate such access.
Love your videos Professor. Keep making them. Thank you.
This is *heaven* for me! I LOVE working with and handling radioactive materials! Each isotope has its own unique energy spectrum or "fingerprint" and branching ratios. I have some relatively strong Am-241 sources that overflow my detectors and have made the vials foggy and discolored. Am-243 gives off 74.5 keV gamma rays at about 68% and 43 keV at about 6%. Also, it alpha decays to the extremely radioactive Np-239 which has a 23 hour half-life. Pu-239 gives off many gamma ray energies, but all of the gamma rays are much less than 0.1% per decay. Most other gamma energies emitted are only a millionth of a percent! The most common gamma from Pu-239 is 51.6 keV at only about 0.027%. Also, 800 mR/h? I have Radium-226 sources that are hotter than that! And they used a Ludlum gamma ray scintillation counter, which is an even more sensitive type of detector! It depends on the isotope. Odd numbered elements are usually more unstable than even numbered elements. Tc-99 is a weak beta emitter. And it has a long half-life of 211,000 years, not 20 years. So, it's not that dangerous, even chemically. The Cf-251 source was put in a drum surrounded by polyethylene or borated paraffin, which is to slow or capture neutrons. Also, it emits some gamma rays and a relatively high intensity of Cm-247 X-rays. Man, I'd _LOVE_ to work at ORNL! It's a shame that there's so much irrational fear attached to radioactivity, like these isotopes of these elements! Externally speaking, the dose from many of these aren't that dangerous, as long as you don't get the actual radioactive substance inside of you, since most of these isotopes are alpha emitters. Alpha is harmless externally. Because if more people understood radioactivity, we could own isotopes like these in exempt quantities without going through so much red tape! I could on and on about this!
I'm with ya there!! Totally fascinating to me.
4:51 “99-” *phone rings* “hello”
Me: 😂
What a delicious video! It’s ever so much fun to see these elements in their pure oxide/chloride forms. Thank you.
This makes my high school AP Chem. class look like pre-school.
What do you when someone is sick?
“What?”
Well, if you can’t helium and you can’t curium then you got to barium.
Don’t y’all just love science puns?
...ok
@@xampzie4995 lol my exact reaction, except that it came with a chuckle
@@nicholasyap9000 no i was just saying this because the day before my science teacher told me the same joke
Schrödinger is sitting and home, and the phone rings.
The caller asks, "Is this Erwin Schrödinger?"
Schrödinger replies, "Maybe it is, maybe it isn't."
Pavlov is sitting and home, and the phone rings.
He gets up and feeds his dog.
i just hit them with a wrench.
Doesn't the radiation influence the molecular structure (Edit: especially of the other substances) if the bottles are placed in close vicinity to each other?
I think what you’re asking is, can the radiation from one sample cause the other samples to react as well, like in a nuclear chain reaction? The answer is it depends on the sample and the kind of radiation. As people mentioned, alpha and beta particles don’t make it through glass. Neutrons might (and neutrons from plutonium banging into other plutonium so it emits more neutrons is how reactors work), but there isn’t enough material there to sustain that kind of chain reaction.
@@crashmancer and gamma rays?
Another fantastic vid Brady, keep it up!
Hurray a new video! Thank you so much love these videos. Almost watch al your videos have 6 more to go after this one. :) huge fan
This is so cool
Uploaded 9 seconds ago
Hello Professor and Braidy
Professor = Rick
This channel inspired me to collect the chemical elements, and so far I have collected relatively pure samples of around 80 of them, including 2 different isotopes of Radon (220, 222), 3 and a third grams of depleted uranium, radium painted watch hands, a thorium lantern mantle, and a singular Americium containing piece from a smoke detector (which is my most radioactive sample per gram of radioactive material).
Hey Periodic Videos, thanks for coming to visit us in America!
🇬🇧🇺🇸
4:35 are those the same kinds of filing cabinets that Dr Feynman would play with in Los Alamos?
Clark A Lol I get this. How about him digging holes under the security fence.
well this country has a thing for radioactive elements.
We like nukes
I'm so happy that they used a green cap for the green neptunium solution
I'm so glad this channel is still active!
incredibly common and radioactive things:
roblox community
csgo community
fortnite
I love science especially when it comes to the periodic table if elements! 😁
i love this channel so mutch i really feel i learn alot of stuff thanks !
Terrific video showing people something that few will ever see in person.
I suppose the heavier, radioactive elements put on a fantastic show of radioactivity if only we could see it , so I suppose it makes up for them being a dull, grey colour. I wish I was an alien, then I could see it.
Elements, God's Lego bricks 😂
The colours in solution are verry beautiful! Concentrated Np(V) solutions have an incredible intensive green colour but Plutonium is also verry nice.
Birthplace of the Molten Salt Thermal Breeder
If those walls could talk
2:30 I understood „It costs 8000 dollars to sh*t one miligramm“ 😂
So glad you all made this video and am so looking forward to the High Flux Neutron Reactor video. Coincidentally I was reading all about that reactor just a few nights ago. Highly enriched U235 fuel assembly shaped in a cylinder of involuted fins. Spectacular video here and please make the HFNR video as long as possible as I bet everyone will watch all of it.
Holy smokes. Those really are rare. Be funny if putting all those bottle beside each other, and .......BLUE FLASH! lol
Taking pictures in lab like that with a flash might give someone there a heart attack :)
I'm curious to how they taste.
Go for it! 😙
They taste like sounds. If you eat them you can hear color, see smells, and feel tastes.
Probably like chicken
This was so cool. Thanks for sharing this.
Awesome hand gestures!
I'm very happy to stay well clear of all of those elements.
This man looks like science!!!
what does it say on the floor next to the filing cabinet at 10:36 ?
"If you want to have children, stay behind this line"
It is what in the industry is call a step off pad. It says "remove protective clothing before stepping here." It normally the transition between an area of radioactive contmination (particles) and a clean area to prevent the clean area becoming contaminated. Notice how the camera is still on the clean side.
@@thomasmajewski1562 Thanks for your reply.
We love you. Thank you for doing this.
What an exciting and wonderful thing to share.
The Neptunium solution I thought especially cool. Thanks!
I have never clicked so quickly on a video in my life.
How dare they ring mid CZcams video professor 😤😂
You are from Brazil ? I'm from Brazil, I talk PROFESSOR in my language, and you ? You talk PROFESSOR ? No is teacher ?
@@luizotaviodesouzafelizardo8492 Hi Luiz, I'm from UK, I love Periodic Videos, you learn a lot from these, blessings from England 💛
@@noahyudkin5458 Do you speak TEACHER? Does it refer to Brazil? Because I thought it was only in my language that it was spoken like that.
@@kelz4384 Hello pleased to meet.
@@kelz4384 It's difficult for me to understand your language, I'm using Google Translate
This is the first time I've seen that much U233 or U234.
A higher concentration of Np237 is a beautiful dark green.
I always watch the professor when practicing guitar :) that is my definition of "hanging out"
you had a chance to see that. it's beautiful (but alas ☢️). it would have been perfect in my collection of elements. 😉😁
Video not available :(
That's what happens when you try to be 1st. Give it another go and it will work for you now.
@@Peter_S_ Tried several times, for a period of 20 minutes... However, now it is working :) Oh, and I was by far not the first...
@@peter.stimpel I just meant "first" in the most general early adopter sense and meant nothing by it. Sorry if that came off terse. Lately CZcams has been putting up links before the back end has processed the video and indexed the files for replay. It used to never work that way but now seems to be par for the course for the first couple minutes and sometimes considerably longer. Cheers from Boulder, Colorado.
@@Peter_S_ no offense taken by Peter S, mate. Cheers from Dresden, Germany.
The green liquid looks really delicious.
Thank you sir for all the time and effort you put into your video, I enjoyed it, thumbs up.
just 3 years late