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Mills of Shaw And Crompton
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- čas přidán 19. 08. 2024
- Textiles and the Industrial Revolution
Following a building boom during the 1860s-1870s, Shaw and Crompton became a mill town, dominated by large rectangular brick-built cotton mills.
The manufacture of textiles in Crompton can be traced back to 1474, when a lease dated from that year outlines that the occupant of Crompton Park had spinning wheels, cards and looms, all of which suggest that cloth was being produced in large quantities.
Before industrialisation the area was used for grazing sheep, which provided the raw material for a local woollen weaving trade
Most families owned a small pasture, but supplemented their incomes by weaving woollens in the domestic system, and selling cloth, linen and fustians.
The inhabitants of Shaw and Crompton relatively wealthy.
The most affluent were those involved in cloth and linen, and their wealth was comparable to that of the merchants of Manchester and Salford.
In the second half of the 18th century, the technology of cotton-spinning machinery improved, and the need for larger buildings to house bigger, better and more efficient equipment became apparent. The profitability of cotton spinning meant that open land that had been used for farming since antiquity, was utilised for purpose-built weavers' cottages. Larger buildings were still desired, and construction of two water powered cotton factories (two or three times the size of a cottage) can be traced to 1782. The construction of more mills followed-ten by 1789.
The introduction of the factory system led to an increase of the township's population; from 872 in 1714 to 3,500 in 1801, mostly as a result of an influx of people from Yorkshire and Lancashire looking for employment in the cotton mills.
Power looms introduced in the early 19th century put an end to the last remnants of the domestic system in Crompton, but not without resistance. Weavers and spinners were paid according to the amount of cloth they produced; independent hand loom weavers saw a drop in their income, and could not compete with the mechanised mass production that was gathering pace in the township.
There was a mill building boom in Shaw and Crompton, giving rise to the area as major mill town. The local townscape became dominated by distinctive rectangular brick-built mills, and its former villages and hamlets agglomerated as a single town around these factories.
Shaw and Crompton railway station and a goods yard was opened in 1863, allowing improved transportation of textile goods and raw materials to and from the township.
Neighbouring Royton had begun to encroach upon the township's southern boundary, forming a continuous urban cotton-spinning district with Oldham, Lees and Chadderton-the Oldham parliamentary constituency-which was responsible for 13% of the world's cotton production.
The demand for cheap cotton goods from this area prompted the flotation of cotton spinning companies; the investment was followed by the construction of 12 new cotton mills from 1870 and 1900.
During this time, it was reported in the national press that Shaw and Crompton had more millionaires per capita than any other town in the world.
The number of cotton mills in the township peaked at 36 in 1920.
The Great Depression, and First and Second World Wars each contributed to periods of economic decline in Shaw and Crompton. Although the industry endured, as imports of cheaper foreign yarns increased during the mid-20th century, Shaw and Crompton's textile sector declined gradually to a halt; said to have over-relied upon the textile sector, cotton spinning reduced in the 1960s and 1970s, and by the early 1980s only four mills were operational.
In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the final cotton was spun in Shaw and Crompton in 1989, in Lilac and Park mills.
Thanks for uploading this video. Brings back some good memories. I worked in four of these mills in the early 80's as a teenager. I still own a clock that was given as a gift by the owners of the Ash mill in 1983 to celebrate its centenary. One year later they shut it down .
I enjoyed this presentation. I grew up in Oldham. My father workrd on the rope/engine pulley systems in some of those millls. As a very little boy, I have memories of being with my father as he repaired the ropes etc. That was a lifetime ago.
Happy memories ❤️
I've mentioned on another of your videos that my Grandad worked at the Lilac Mill, for 51 years, 1989 was the year he retired.
The mills of shaw used to be our playground as kids 😁 great memories
Hi I was just doing some genealogy research on my grandmother Contents Turner (or Contence, not sure of the spelling) and her family, who lived in Crompton, Jubilee back in the 1800's. Her parents were Wililam and Deborah Turner. According to the Rootspoint website other household members were Eliza Ann, Frances Ellen, Beatrice, Joseph and James WIlliam (James William died in 1895 when he was 10). I enjoyed your video. Grandmom said she used to work at one of those mills before she moved to America in 1907.
My husband's family (from whome I got the name Turner) is from Gorton.
So, although I have lived in Shaw for over 35 years, neither if us was originally from here xx
It took the Roytonians a while to teach the gawbys how to spin properly,we never get any thanks though.
You eat poo
thanks for the upload...!!!
No mention of the Briar and Lilac Mill. Queen Elizabeth made a Royal visit in 1953 to the Lilac. I would have expected a mention in your video.
My bad! I should have done more research at the time (learned about that since) It was just a, quick video for Facebook. I never expected it to get so many views on here!
Lily 1 and 2 are gone now..
Those were the days. Frankly I wouldn't touch Shaw with a bargepole nowadays. I used to live there until I recently retired to Grange over sands, and I can honestly say that I was glad to get away. It's an absolutely awful place now, full of all manner of undesirable people, and much of the traditional terraced housing now let to equally obnoxious tenants. An overspill of Oldham, to my mind.
Shaw is IN Oldham. I've lived here almost 40 years, yes it's changed a lot, but so have most towns in Oldham. I don't hate it, but it's certainly not as nice as it used to be. The sense of community, that I used to love, is no longer here.
I worked in Mills and in Asbestos spinning, l do not have any happy memories and became a lifelong Communist.