Embryology of the Tongue (Easy to Understand)

The development of the tongue explained in a very simple way.
If you are completely new to embryology and you want to understand it quickly, this should be the first video you watch:
- • Introduction to Embryo...
Post any questions you have about the video below, I read all the comments:
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SUMMARY OF VIDEO FOR YOUR NOTES:
- The tongue appears approximately at 4 weeks in the form of two lateral lingual swellings and one medial swelling which is called the tuberculum impar. These originate from the first pharyngeal pouch.
- A second median swelling, the copula, or hypobranchial eminence, is formed by mesoderm of the second, third, and fourth pharyngeal arches.
- A third medial arch is the epiglottis, formed by the forth arch.
- The lateral swellings increase in size and overgrow the tuberculum impar and then merge forming the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (you can see how nervous supply follows its origin). Sensory innervation (touch) to the body of the tongue is by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
- The posterior 1/3 of the tongue (root) originates from arches 2, 3, and 4. Sensory innervation is by glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX (you can see in the video how the root of the tongue is mostly from arch 3. I have colour coded it so you can follow it easier on the notes.
- The epiglottis and the extreme posterior part of the tongue are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve, and develop from the forth arch.
- The muscle of the tongue (motor) originates from occipital somites from paraxial mesoderm. They are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
- Special sensory innervation, namely taste, to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by the facial nerve (chorda tympani branch). This is except for the vallate papillae, which is supplied by CN IX. The posterior 1/3 is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS:
- Ankyloglossia (also known as tongue-tie): occurs when the frenulum extends to the tip of the tongue tying it to the floor of the mouth.
- Macroglossia: abnormally large tongue from generalised hypertrophy
- Microglossia: abnormally small tongue that is associated with micrognathia.
- Cleft tongue: incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings posteriorly.
- Bifid tongue: complete failure in the fusion of the lateral lingual swellings.

[@minass]

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[@zainabahmad7784]

Sir Minass
You are my favourite teacher......
You make it so easy.
Thank u so much.
Stay blessed.

[@heba1649]

Thank you so much you’re making embryology easer and more fun.

[@aliabdelrazik1599]

you a great person to help people you don't know them great greeting from Egypt

[@Luna-nn6bf]

i love these videos

[@DenMnd]

Many thanks Dr Minass, you saved my life!
Keep the good work up please!

[@rahulchadaga4361]

These embryology videos are a god save haha thank you

[@wporsch3]

I really enjoy your videos. Understandable, right on points, and in reach. I have completed the series of pharyngeal arches, clefts, and pouches. It would be great if you could make video about maxilla and mandible development. Please? XD

[@xevox7927]

Thanks Dr. Minass, you're the man!

[@minass]

You are!

[@zainabahmad7784]

I was really anxoiuslly waiting for your video...

[@mowglimi8586]

Can‘t thank you enough ! This is insanely helpful !!!!

[@minass]

I’m insanely grateful for your comment 😆. Thanks for watching

[@rajaalahmar4371]

this channel is a life saver really....thank you so much

[@minass]

hehehe you're welcome

[@user-fp4ri1ye9c]

Thank you so much sir
This was very helpful 🙏

[@renan8387]

thank you once again! this really eases me to undestand this course✨

[@minass]

I won't get tired of seeing your comments! Don't forget to follow me on instagram 😊

[@Sachicodao]

Another very helpful video, thank you very much! You made me see embryology as a fun subject.

[@minass]

Sachiko that’s great! Thanks 🙂

[@devikaamarasinghe693]

thank you very much.all videos are very helpful to understand embryology clearly.

[@minass]

Devika Amarasinghe pleasure 🙂

[@FeeAlfadhal]

you're too good ^-^ thanks a lot

[@mankwerabotho2001]

thank you humbly, made easy to comprehend

[@minass]

You're welcome Wendy, thanks for commenting

[@reemalmatrooshi3960]

Amazing teaching thank you Minass

[@minass]

Very welcome

[@ulrikealbrecht7831]

Thank you very much for the big help with your textbook. I would like to know what happens with these cells from the second arch, that become overlapped and why is the tongue called a muscular hydroplast? Thank you for answering me.

[@fuehrer4533]

Your videos are always so clear and we'll done 👍

[@minass]

Thanks!

[@yanivf8520]

thank you very much

[@Suulaf]

Life saver 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻 thank u so much!!!!

[@minass]

Happy to help!

[@SalihaMAli]

Thankyou for making this so easy

[@minass]

Saliha M. Ali it’s my pleasure 😊

[@lala123lala100]

Can you do a video on somites / development of the musculoskeletal system? Thanks for all the helpful videos!

[@minass]

Sure thing!

[@saram4250]

Doctor, does the lower jaw form and then the tongue appear, or are they formed together? Please clarify, I have an exam

[@farheensultana8397]

Can you explain as to how the taste sensation of the anterior part of the tongue is via the facial nerve or is it just something that we have to memorize

[@sdcard9649]

The taste buds of the anterior two thirds of the tongue come from the second arch

[@delen93]

Thank you 🙏🏼

[@minass]

Very welcome

[@ruchikasharma4447]

Hey Minaas...
Please make some anatomy videos specially head and neck...we'll really appreciate.... please...

[@minass]

For now the focus is on embryology, but perhaps some time in the future

[@snghyl]

I’m cramming the exam watching ur video tnx

[@minass]

Cram my friend, cram away

[@koushikkarthik3131]

Brother can you plz make a video on development of face, nose and palate.

[@minass]

Yes its coming next

[@minass]

Done!

[@farinarahman3548]

@@minass can you pls tag me the development of palate link

[@princesschinaza2467]

Good morning Sir, can you please make a video on embryology of the face. Thank you

[@minass]

PRINCESS CHINAZA I’ve added it to my to do list

[@princesschinaza2467]

Thank you Sir

[@minass]

@@princesschinaza2467 its up!

[@naimatullahkhan3988]

Love you sir g❤❤

[@minass]

You too for watching

[@marianaa7384]

Dr. Minass, meri mi plis.

[@minass]

😂

[@TheMusicRevolutioner]

final exam in 3 days - you saved me man!

[@mahmoudelshanshory2596]

عملت اي يسط؟

[@sandhithareddygaddam3247]

Sirrrrrr 🙏🙏

[@minass]

Very welcome

[@nathanielruffer5132]

PRIMITIVE MOUTH PLEASE, IM CONFUSION

[@inderpreetsingh4919]

I have a correction,
Tongue is 2/3 ectodermal, and post 1/3 endodermal in origin not mesodermal 12:06