Object Relations Theory Explained: Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, Otto Kernberg, Balint, Fairbairn
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- čas přidán 17. 06. 2024
- In this introduction to Object Relations Theory we cover Melanie Klein's idea of the paranoid-schizoid position and the depressive position. Otto Kernberg's concept of object relations dyads and borderline personality organisation. Donald Winnicott's idea of the true and false self and the transitional object. Michael Balint's concept of the basic fault and primary love. And the fundamental contributions of William Fairbairn.
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TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Object Relations Theory
02:35 The Two Camps
04:22 Melanie Klein
07:01 Otto Kernberg
10:45 Michael Balint
12:07 William Fairbairn
14:07 Donald Winnicott
17:50 Final Remarks
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#objectrelations #psychology #psychodynamic
TIMESTAMPS for you 😊
00:00 Object Relations Theory
02:35 The Two Camps
04:22 Melanie Klein
07:01 Otto Kernberg
10:45 Michael Balint
12:07 William Fairbairn
14:07 Donald Winnicott
17:50 Final Remarks
I am currently in school to get a degree in psychology and I am so thankful I found your videos! They are wonderful for helping summarize the topics in personality theory and help me gain a clearer understanding. Thank you for such helpful and interesting videos!
Thank you so much for your comment, Katelynn. I’m so glad to hear my videos were helpful - this is precisely why I make them 😊 So cool to have another (future) psychologist on here. I wish you all the best with your further studies 🍀
This was so helpful! Especially the introduction, just paved the way for the entire video. Missed your videos, so glad you are back! :)
Thank you so much, Arpita! Your kind words mean a lot, I appreciate it. With work it is hard to find enough time to make new videos but I enjoy it a lot. The interaction on the platform is very much worth it. Best wishes!
This video is awesome. Thank you! Also, I really like the way that you say "Freud" haha.
Lady, you rock! 🎉 Thank you SO MUCH for helping with your content! ❤ This here is the game changer… just continue pliiiiiiz ❤
Jelena! You're so sweet, thank you for cheering me on 💃🏼😊 Are there other topics you'd like me to cover? Best wishes 🍀
I was socially anxious my whole life. I couldn't make eye contact. My interactions with people were so awkward that it made them feel awkward as well - they got so uncomfortable around me. When I'm working among people, I feel painfully self-conscious. Whenever I'm having talks with people, the conversation doesn't flow - I feel like I have to respond to everything. Maybe I take too much responsibility for maintaining it? It's awful, and most of the time, words don't come out.
Thank you so much for the video and the channel! I'm delving into psychodynamic theories after my basic psychology degree, and it's of great help. Your style of presenting the material is very appealing - subscribed after watching this one video🌞💐
Thank you so much for your kind words, Alina (hey, we share a name!). Im so glad to hear my channel has been helpful - thats exactly what I hoped it would be 😊 Thanks for tagging along, psychodynamics can be complicated but so damn interesting!
Such calm and clear communication. Thank you.
Thank you so much for your kind words.
Great video thanks, your voice is so calming btw
Thank you for your comment! Happy to hear you enjoyed the video and my voice was pleasant 😊
This is a very helpful channel to understanding people with personality disorders in my life. Thank you!
Thank you for your comment. I'm glad to hear it was helpful :)
i love your presentations , very detailed yet easy to understand!
Thank you!
It was an incredible video which explains a very broad topic in nineteen minute. Thank you very much to give an idea about object relations theories.
Thank you so much for your kind comment, Tuğba! That means a lot and I'm glad the video was helpful 😊
Thank you. Such a pleasant and calm voice
Glad to hear you enjoyed the video! Thank you so much for your kind comment.
I absolutely love your youtube channel. I learn so much from it and you have a wonderful way of teaching.
Thank you so much for your kind words! It means a lot.
Amazing presentational. What a great teacher you are. I am licensed many years but have never heard such a great breakdown of object relationship
Dear Kelley, thank you so much for your incredibly kind comment :) It means a lot to hear that from you.
Thank you so much, it’s very useful!
I'm so glad to hear that! Thank you for your comment, Kristina.
Vielen Dank für das Video! Ich hab einen richtig guten Überblick bekommen über die verschiedenen Aspekte der Objekttheorie und den dazugehörigen Autoren und Autorinnen 😊
Das freut mich 😊 vielen Dank für deine lieben Worte, Marie!
Great video, easy to follow and understand
This was helpful for my class. Thank you!
That's wonderful! I'm glad to hear it was helpful. I wish you the best of luck with your class, Kendrique.
Studying at a doctoral level and your videos are real pearls. ❤
Ahhh, thank you Patrizia, that is heartwarming :) I wish you all the best with your studies!
Understanding this was the final peace in my healing, after several diagnosis of issues that will be considered by most even professionals to be moderate-severe. I had read about it years ago to fix myself, but it never clicked till the end despite knowing the 'facts' and how it works.
I mainly focused on cluster B issues throughout my education; having a child, however, has made me re-focus on early development, and it is very interesting breaking down the reasons why people deviate from "healthy development" in childhood towards, more neurotic tendencies, and other issues regarding personality. I'm big on Carl Jung's individuation/self-realization being a huge factor in person's long-term development. Everything I have learned, leads me to believe the earliest interactions (consistency by caretakers, especially the first 1-3 years of development), balanced levels of attention, freedom for the child to explore safely without parental rejection for doing so - lead to the kind of secure attachment, sense of self, that is critical for healthy development (animals or people). Great video, great flow to it, you really know your stuff! I'll probably watch this a few more times, thank you!
Thank you for taking your time to write such an interesting comment. Cluster B issues (or any personality disorder) are indeed very tighlty connected to early development and upbringing. The interesting thing about the psychodynamic approach is that there are so many theories that serve different presentations of personality issues. There is Kernberg for differentiating organizational level, Kohut for narcissistic pathologies, Fonagy and his concept of mentalization for borderline psychopathologies, Bowlby et al. for attachment. It's all incredibly rich. Take care :)
@@PsychodynamicPsychology Glancing at Bowlby, I'm intrigued about his attachment theory. I would like to see more on infant attachment based on feeding/caregiving (modern times dad's like me are 50/50, not being biased, I don't think the infant as a favorite, but the power of mom is still inherently powerful regardless). From what I have gathered, infants are one of the areas of psychology that have not been extensively studied in comparison to other areas). I have some insomnia, so I was able to be there the moment the infant started crying at night from birth (I think that consistency REALLY paid off, with attachment security, because at 12-15 months, he's able to wake up (coughing or whatever, and go back to sleep usually without assistance, and very little protest when leaving his room, pretty much any time of day, woohoo! it works :D ). Bowlby also studied the inherent effects of juvenile delinquency, and attachments to mom, and how they play out over an extended period of time. For my final paper to graduated, I chose to research the opioid epidemic in America (it was one of the most eye opening experiences in my life). Changed my entire perspective! Gangs distribute, gang leaders target kids who are doing poorly in school (the neglected/abused/traumatized children). These kids (10 -12 y.o.) become career criminals before the brain is developed enough to understand the long term repercussions of their decisions (what they are being manipulated into doing). It is a vicious cycle that ruins/impacts all areas of life (and societies worldwide, looking at varying disciplinary systems, countries like Germany, i.e, treat juvenile delinquents with more of a humanistic approach). It all begins in childhood, and from the top down; people need to make enough income to raise happy, capable children (not spoiled). I appreciate the other theorists to research, I love reading/listening, and thinking critically. I believe the world is beginning to understand the importance of this newer science (psychology), as a lot more valuable than previously realized!
Love the psychodynamic videos ❤❤❤
Vielen Dank für die kompakte und inspirierende Einführung. Die Darstellung des Inhaltes hat, meiner Meinung nach, eine weit überdurchschnittliche Qualität und Ästhetik (für CZcams). Ich habe viel neues gelernt und einiges endlich verstanden. Die Einführung hat mir Lust auf mehr deiner Videos und das Thema gemacht. Besonders hat mir auch Deine spürbare Begeisterung zu dem Thema zu sprechen gefallen.
Vielen Dank für deine lieben Worte. Es freut mich sehr, dass dir das Video gefallen hat. Ich liebe die psychodynamische Theorie tatsächlich sehr und freue mich, wenn ich andere damit etwas anstecken kann ;) Liebe Grüße!
Very good work, Alina.
Thank you so much, Gordon.
You have the capacity to make complex ideas attainable. I wish I had been exposed to this approach in my early trainings. Thanks
Thank you so much for your kind words, Stephen. I've never come across an approach that has resonated more deeply. Glad to share what I learn in hope that it'll help others!
Thank you so much for this!
You’re so welcome! Thank you for your kind comment, Alex. It brought a smile to my face today.
Great video!! Thank you!
Thank you so much, Julia! I'm so happy to hear you liked it :)
Please, do continue with your videos on psychodynamics, it’s really important work and I am really happy that people are still explaining the richness of psychodynamic theories
Great video, very well presented. I especially enjoyed your coverage of Otto Kernberg's approach which I found difficult to understand when I first attempted to read his book 'Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis' however I was greatly aided in understanding him through reading Nancy McWilliams book 'Psychoanalytic Diagnosis'. Nancy McWilliams was supervised by Otto Kernberg and her work on personality/character organization reflects his influence. Another of his Yale supervisees is Elizabeth Auchincloss who wrote 'The Psychoanalytic Model of the Mind' which is based upon a course she gives to resident psychiatrists at Yale University. This is an integration of Freud's model of the mind with object relations theory and Self Psychology.
Thank you so much for such an elaborate and interesting comment, Stuart. You have just given me more interesting books to add to my wishlist - how wonderful! Nancy McWilliams is a fabulous writer and I've been wanting to dive more into her books for a while. I didn't know she was supervised by Kernberg but now her approach makes even more sense.
@@PsychodynamicPsychology I believe she was one of Kernberg's though I can't remember where I read it. Certainly her division between the use of primitive defense mechanisms and mature defense mechanisms as markers for personality organization and the division of psychotic, borderline and neurotic categorization are Kernberg's. Kernberg as you may know was influenced by Melanie Klein though he thought she went too far in asserting that neurotic organizations were defenses against deeper psychotic anxieties hence the tripartite division . But you are most welcome and I appreciate your gratitude.
Thank you for all these videos. I have read the literature and need more explanation, so these videos are incredibly helpful ❤
I'm so happy to hear that. Thank you for your comment!
beautiful video! Thank you 😊 😊
Thank you for your comment 😊
Great introduction and lovely delivery. One thing though, I recognise William Fairbairn as the expert in hand-to-hand combat, whereas it was Scottish psychiatrist W. Ronald D. Fairbairn who developed the Endopsychic Structural model of Object Relations. And as a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society, he was a psychoanalyst and a key theory-builder of the Middle Group.
Dear Peter, thank you for your kind words and constructive criticism! Indeed his full name is William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn, so you're right that calling him "W. Ronald D. Fairbairn" would've caused less confusion.
Loved this, very comprehensive
Thank you so much!
I really appreciate this summary of object relations! I was having a hard time really differentiating between them all. I do have a question. For the adult who suffers borderline level organization, could the psychotherapist be seen as the transitional object in their therapeutic process? Or more so Winnicott's holding space?
Enjoying your latest. Recently finished Kernberg's Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism which increased my understanding of borderline conditions. I also got a couple of Horney's books based on a previous video of yours which I have found very useful.
Thank you, Grahame! I love hooking people onto new books, this makes me happy to hear. So far I've only read Kernberg's book on Transference-focused Psychotherapy. Can you recommend "Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism"?
Many people in the psych community talk about borderline patients, and few actually talk with them. You can learn the most from just listening to them. Then you‘ll understand. There‘s a fetish in object relations school with BPD since it‘s mystefied as this super hard thing to treat. Most of the psychs just can‘t empathize with people who display the symptoms of BPD. That‘s why they have to create these enormous theories like object relations, to keep the patients at distance and exert diagnostic power over them. If you‘d just sit and listen with a BPD patient, you‘d learn the most. Certainly more than in a seminar with Mr. Kernberg.
This is SO HELPFUL!!!
So glad to hear that. Thank you, Chrissy!
much clearer set of statements than many videos
Thank you, Tom. Glad to hear you enjoyed the video.
Excellent video, thank you for such a lovely explanation ORT! Very enlightening
Personally I used Transactional analysis as it does a really good job with this topic.
In love with this..thank you 🛐
Glad to hear you liked it!
Hi
Thanks
Very clear
This is what listerner or general audience needs to learn and befamilar.
Great!
Thank you for your kind words 😊
Very nice! And your English is superb!
Thank you so much, John! That's such a kind compliment.
Great content, thank you.
So glad it was helpful! Thank you :)
great videos , informative. Delivered calm and clearly explained theories.
For me and my information processing, speaking slower would be helpful.
A very clear dissertation🤔
So glad to hear it was clear, Peter. That's what I strive for.
Thanks for the well-put content! Would you be able to point to some resources on how these theoreticians came up with these ideas? I am very curious to know how we can make such concrete claims on infants who are unable to express their minds.
As far as I know their discoveries were based on observation. Which in itself was brand new because before childhood development theories were implied from adult presentation. In attachment theory there were also some experiments, I'm thinking of Mary Ainsworth's "Strange Situation". The difficulty as you describe it remains unfortunately!
Thanks!
You’re so welcome!
Thank you for the great introduction to object relations! I have to say your communication skills are brilliant. I am a mental health practitioner currently working with university students. Would you have any recommendations on what would be helpful for my work with them please? I am currently considering training in Schema therapy
Thank you for your kind comment, Saeed. Do you mean working as in you are a therapist for university students or you teach them?
@@PsychodynamicPsychology sorry for the delay in responding. I am a qualified mental health practitioner, with a new post working with students. What do you do?
Hi, Thanks for the video! I have one question that I can't find an answer to. What is the difference between object relations theory and attachment theory? Both theories are focused on the early relationship between mother and child and both theories talk about the development of an internal model...
Great video ! Very instructive and well explained. Thanks ! By the way, I am a licensed therapist myself and I am wondering, according to these theories, what kind of parent-child relation pattern could lead to a lack of integration of the all-good and all-bad objects representations? And so on, a low frustration tolerance level, emotional dysregulation, etc.
I associate these features to bad parenting (explosive parent, neglict, abuse...). But regarding to these theories,could we be more precise? Thanks! :)
Dear Juliette, thank you for your comment :) You can't really break it down to precise features. A lack of integration usually stems from disturbances early on, in many cases likely in the first few years of life. I'd recommend you check out Otto Kernberg's and Frank Yeomans' work on Transference-focused Psychotherapy to learn more. Best wishes!
Hi, Thanks so much for this video. I learned a lot! Do you have any book recommendation for a layman who wants to learn more about the object relations theory?
Thank you! Puh... not really a specific one about object relations theory. One book on different theories that was very beginner-friendly and I enjoyed is "Beyond Freud" by Mitchell.
Thank you for your informative presentation.. Can you tell us, where do the labels "hard/fatherly" and "soft/motherly" come from? Is it your original way of dubbing them or did someone use that before?
This is definitely not my original way of dubbing them! Those terms have been used before by people much more knowledgeable than me. These camps have also been called British vs. Independent with different constellations.
Thank you for sharing this knowledge, I hope it’s okay to ask you a question. What do you think about a baby (less than 1 yr old) that never cried to the point of having to be fed on a schedule (esp. by caregivers who were not the mother). This baby was describes as always happy, never crying to the point the pediatrist had to get involved to check if there are any physical issues (there weren’t). Late in kindergarden it confidently told the mother to leave (again, no crying) and that she’d be fine in kindergarden. Is this just a happy confident child or is something else going on? I understand if you can’t give any in-depth answer based on a short comment, but would appreciate what comes to you mind spontaneously.
Thank U ✨
You’re welcome 😊
Nice overview! First time hearing about this Object Relations Theory. I bet this leads to a very practical therapeutic approach.
And also great to see you again!
Thank you so much, Artem! It's so lovely to see your name pop up again on here and interacting with you. Haha, I'm afraid the therapeutic approach is a lot more messy because working on structural deficits (emotion regulation, tolerating ambivalence, self-object-differentiation) is a lot harder - at least for me - than working on neurotic conflicts. But it indeed offers a great insight into our inner worlds and why relationship pattern often repeat themselves. Best wishes!
Did you say you have a workshop? Also, did you learn all this material in one course, or was it in multiple courses over years?
❤ excellent
Thank you so much 😊
Any thoughts on Lacan?
can you provide experimental evidence of this theory? For example can you provide experimental evidence comparing for any psychological/mental problem described in the DSM (you mentioned personality disorders for example) in comparison with other treatments, for example CBT or others, to demonstrate what is more effective? Can you write here references to papers in the scientific community?
Object relations theory is not a treatment. But Transference-focused Psychotherapy and Mentalization-based Treatment are based on or integrate object relations theory. You can look up studies for those, they perform very well.
What would be the likely result in a baby whose mom puts two older children (two identical twin sisters, eight years old when the baby is born) in charge of its care early in life?
Unfortunately I cannot answer this question, Nancy. If this concerns you and your mental health, it might be helpful to talk to a licensed professional for guidance. Best wishes!
I failed at splitting and still can't get it right even knowing its an immature defense, i can only oscillate back and forth quickly enough i can almost hold both good and bad at once...but not quite simulataneously.
I think you meant to say RONALD Fairbairn, who is a psychiatrist and psychoanalysis. William Fairbarin is a British police officer.
Yes, his full official name is William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn, but he is indeed known as Ronald Fairbairn.
Object relations theory is relevant/prevalent to what diagnosis in the DSM ?
DSM describes symptoms (~what is externally visible), object relations theory is about internal experiences. So it can be relevant for all or no DSM diagnosis. Depends on the individual patient.
I am a Kleinian gardner - my lawn is half dead and half alive
You are so gorgeous and genious too. Thank you.
Just a normal person here but I'm glad to hear you enjoyed the video :)
HI, I just wanted to thank you for your video but you speak very fast and convey a lot of information which makes it hard to take it in when it is being delivered at the pace you speak at. Is this supposed to be an instruction because the pace is too fast to aid comprehension. Thank you!
It's true, I always try to get straight to the point and talk quite fast... My advice would be to slow down the audio in the CZcams settings, then you can chose the speed yourself :)
Otto Kernberg changed my life! Lets talk about him if you want :)
Wow! What exactly of his work had such a big impact on you? :)
@@PsychodynamicPsychology hey so i read his books in German, so I am not sure how to say it English. But the concept of „moralische Abwehr“, the practice of "Von der Oberfläche zur Tiefe deuten" & structural interview.
Das sind tatsächlich ganz interessante Konzepte :) Ich habe letztes noch gelesen, dass er erst gerade wieder mit 94 Jahren (!!) ein neues Buch veröffentlicht hat: Hatred, Emptiness, and Hope: Transference-Focused Psychotherapy in Personality Disorders. Wirklich beeindruckend!
@@PsychodynamicPsychology Jaa, unglaublich! :)
Have you read Robert Langs? MD psychoanalyst, published prolifically. Video of last talks at The New School and Congressioal ? Library worth watching.,
I haven’t! Thank you for the recommendation, I’ll take a look at that 😊
❤❤❤
I don’t get Balints idea of missing primary love. It seems evident that 99% of mothers love their infants. And so how is it possible that this could be an issue (I realise that I need to read Balint more closely to find the answer.)!
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Another fascinating explanation of psychopathology to a dead end. In other words, so what? Where do you go from here? We still can’t UNCONDITION Pavlov’s dogs. That’s the task.
Do the people who believe this have experiments that show that it is true in any sense? It seems vague as a hypothesis.
Hello, I have suggestion for your videos. I think that you definitely need to simplify explanation of your videos. Your videos are quite complicated to listen to and person looses concentration very fast. You should use a lot of examples in videos as well so that we can understand trough example what exactly does theory tells us about. You will have more views, just check how the other people explain in videos. Have a great day
Your videos are really interesting, however, I just wish you could speak at a slower pace. I have to keep stopping and starting the video to capture everything you say.
Just say the child was bottle fed? And it was a conscious decision by the mother due to keeping her breast for her and her husband. Will this create the same schizoid state?
🫡👌
Fairbairn name is Ronald not William
Officially he was “William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn” but you’re right he was known as W. Ronald D. Fairbairn.
I Love Jesus😇😇😇
u give me a complex by pretending to be looking at me doing this by memory but ur actually pretending and reading off a script.
Excellent..
Can you make comparison Fairbairn- Freud, dreams, depression, neurosis, super ego, repression..etc?
Thank you! Puh, that would be a lot of work and I'm not familiar enough with Fairbair to do that thoroughly.
Extremely helpful! Thank you so very much!
Thank you so much, Jessica! So glad to hear it was helpful 😊