How to Design Transmission Line Subwoofer Enclosure

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  • čas přidán 5. 08. 2024
  • Ever wonder How to Design a Transmission Line or " T-Line " Subwoofer Box Enclosure ? A transmission line is known for it low bass frequency response and flat accurate response, but is it ideal for custom car audio? After all there are many other choices like ported, sealed, fourth order bandpass, sixth order bandpass and more....
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Komentáře • 461

  • @CarAudioFabrication
    @CarAudioFabrication  Před 6 lety +72

    Who's ready to see the build video? Let's see if we can get this video to 1,000 likes for the next video to be released! Thanks for watching! - Mark

    • @TravisMeeks6
      @TravisMeeks6 Před 6 lety +1

      heck yeah!! i'd also love to see the other side of the spectrum. like maybe an aperiodic bi-chamber, or a 4th order, or something!!

    • @critical_unknown
      @critical_unknown Před 6 lety

      You know it Mark, I've made a 8th order or Triple Reflex Bandpass.
      Very difficult indeed.
      Any chance of putting the T Line in the jeep for a test bump when it's finished?

    • @ronniewyllie2157
      @ronniewyllie2157 Před 6 lety

      CarAudioF
      abrication

    • @oldmenruleracing
      @oldmenruleracing Před 6 lety

      T/L subs are awesome!! Thanks for the quick tutorial on the math. Had them with my ESL's in my home rig.

    • @MushroomKingdoom
      @MushroomKingdoom Před 6 lety

      CarAudioFabrication Of course why not!

  • @supreemproductions
    @supreemproductions Před 6 lety +17

    My passion for building enclosures using mathematics is the only reason why I graduated college. My classmates always griped about how “boring” math is, but when they came to me to build an enclosure, they finally understood a real-world application that affected them directly.

    • @travisbarrow3408
      @travisbarrow3408 Před 2 lety +1

      I'm currently a mechanical engineering student and my car audio hobby makes most of what I'm learning pertinent.

  • @Gnsmth91
    @Gnsmth91 Před rokem +4

    Great video! As a ham radio operator, the concept of a transmission line box for audio really resonates with me. Thank you for making it easy to understand!

  • @blaube
    @blaube Před 6 lety +35

    I had already known much of this because I have been studying this subject since the 90's. But this was the best simplified explanation of TLine vs ported boxes I have heard to date. Well done.

  • @lunchie80
    @lunchie80 Před 5 lety +24

    This is a very simple TL box. The woofer is at one end meaning the peaks and dips are pretty big. Moving the sub down the line can help smooth the response quite a bit. You can also taper the line(bigger at one end) and also play with damping at various points in the line.
    This is a good explanation but there are many more variables that can be tuned in a TL.

    • @C-man553
      @C-man553 Před 6 měsíci

      Car Audio, bagging a dozen parameters … not a problem.

  • @mikestutt
    @mikestutt Před 6 lety +4

    Genuinely one of, if not the most useful video I have ever seen on CZcams. How did I not find this channel earlier! Always wanted to know how Bose get so much bass from a small speaker and this pretty much sums it up. Top man! 👍🏼

  • @mpikas
    @mpikas Před 6 lety +1

    Mark, this is honestly one of the best explanations of the basics of enclosure design that I've ever seen. If you just add the qualities of different types of enclosures so people learn what the do to the frequency response (maybe more with the dogfood if Hz doesn't mind ;-) ) there would be a lot of people that would finally understand what's going on in their sub box. Heck, I think even some experienced people would gain by watching this, nailing down some basic concepts that are often overlooked.

  • @wadehensley5005
    @wadehensley5005 Před 6 lety

    The first time i ever saw the bose wave radio ad in a magazine showing the port layout inside ive been wondering how it would work in a vehicle. thank you so much for making this video and explaining the pros and cons. Much appreciated man!

  • @totallynottrademarked5279

    Glad to see you explain the science behind it. When I was in the industry (Got out when Tweeter went belly up) I stayed away from ported as I thought they always sounded sloppy. It was also hard to explain to people how much more work it was.

  • @babehasse
    @babehasse Před 6 lety +10

    This was a really good and informative video about T-line design, I understand the math so much more now that!
    Thanks as always, looking forward to the build video! :D

  • @yemajdleifyam7554
    @yemajdleifyam7554 Před 4 lety

    An you just blew my mind how you took time to explain all of the math used in the builds, awesome! Please keep up the informative vids, I learn more every vid. Thank you.

  • @HifiVega
    @HifiVega Před 6 lety +1

    Excellent video! I've been wanting to do something with T-Line myself and your explanation is much easier to follow than some of the other stuff online lol.

  • @moreaudio760
    @moreaudio760 Před 6 lety

    Great video Mark....never built one of these transmission line enclosures ...but I’ll now have a better grasp of the construction and math behind one...thanks again

  • @kennethfoster1306
    @kennethfoster1306 Před 6 lety

    Brother thank you soooo very much for this video. you explain everything so well. I just built a TLine for my American Bass VFL 8 and i wish this video was around a year ago when i first decided to build it simply because i wanted it for car and home due to my new baby Boy so he can love it just as much as Daddy!!!

  • @wilcul8er
    @wilcul8er Před 6 lety

    AMAZING WORK, ive been looking into trying a T line but just didnt know enough and have mainly built low tuned ported boxes, definitely going to try a build for a single or a single 10. thanks mark

  • @ChunkyMonkaayyy
    @ChunkyMonkaayyy Před 6 lety

    Brilliant explanation. I saw one once back in 1996 that was a single 18” in the bed of a p/u truck. Took up the entire bed.

  • @blech71
    @blech71 Před 6 lety

    T-Lines (or back wave variation) will always be my go to enclosure for SQ or in home and when I can get them to fit, the vehicle environment.
    There are some good tricks you can employ using these.

  • @squib308
    @squib308 Před 6 lety +2

    Very interesting, I always thought of t-line as sort of a mystery I could probably figure out if I was really interested, but I 'get it' now, and it's not exceptionally difficult. I'm not sure about _tapered_ t-lines, but this is a good starting point. Thanks!

  • @mjkid5743
    @mjkid5743 Před 6 lety

    My buddy had 2 10" DC Audio xl's in a t line box, that box was huge and heavy, sounded really good tho, love these boxes

  • @kr33p1n
    @kr33p1n Před 6 lety

    Great video!! I understand the making of these much more than reading about them!!!

  • @DodgyBrothersEngineering

    I actually really enjoyed the way you presented and explained that.

  • @KevinRay_man
    @KevinRay_man Před 6 lety +2

    As always, a clear and concise explanation to a subject with lots of technical depth. I've been watching for years and just wanted to say thank you and if you offered online classes or even in person classes I'd be (one of the) first in line. Maybe even selling ~hour long instructive videos on parameters for various applications and the various theories for sound quality etc. Just a thought, I don't mean to be that guy who tells you how to run your business lol. Anyways, superb video just like all your others. Your dog is one adorable lil fella too btw.

  • @from-the-land-of-noah
    @from-the-land-of-noah Před 6 lety +7

    Hey Mark, Great intro to T-lines. Please consider doing an advanced math video for T-Lines as well.
    Cheers

  • @themobiledoctor4170
    @themobiledoctor4170 Před 6 lety

    Best explanation I have ever seen. Good Job.

  • @m2autoworks
    @m2autoworks Před 6 lety

    Love the dog food/total available energy description. I would really enjoy an informational video on aperiodic loaded subwoofer.

  • @mikep.1520
    @mikep.1520 Před 6 lety

    Great video! Very informative, very easy to understand and to apply!

  • @BassheadCurry
    @BassheadCurry Před 6 lety

    I was very entertained by this video, and I learned some good info from it! Keep it up! I like these types of videos, as I'm sure many others do.

  • @StonefieldMusic
    @StonefieldMusic Před 6 lety

    Awesome video with user-friendly explanations on the technical stuff. Well done. Subscribed.

  • @cracklingice
    @cracklingice Před 6 lety +6

    Interesting followup, the differences between quarter wave, half wave, full wave, ect.

  • @craigalling1367
    @craigalling1367 Před 4 lety

    Wow I learned something today! Kudos! Very well explained, Excellent job!

  • @Avaddon911
    @Avaddon911 Před 6 lety +6

    I really wanted to design a tline but didn't know where to start. Thanks for the info bro!!

  • @bossmanox
    @bossmanox Před 5 lety

    Thank you for being so clear.

  • @ganesh7hillsstereo373
    @ganesh7hillsstereo373 Před 4 lety

    Thanks a lot for this T- line building idea.

  • @williamkillingsworth2619

    Thank you. That’s was a very easy explanation and informative

  • @justinvetter8531
    @justinvetter8531 Před 6 lety +6

    I've built two T-Lines designed by a guy on the East Coast. One for two 12's (Pretty basic layout) and another for a single 15 (Tapered with a 180 degree kerfed wall). There is nothing like a properly designed T-Line! Also, both of these enclosures were very compact and broke a lot of the "rules" around T-Lines. I got out of car audio for awhile, but I'm hoping to build one again soon! Nice video!

    • @shamaleeramesar724
      @shamaleeramesar724 Před 6 lety

      Justin Vetter

    • @deejeemadrox1866
      @deejeemadrox1866 Před 5 lety +2

      Ehm, when you brake a lot of the "rules" for a TM build, is it still a TM? And how about frequency curves, doesn't that hurt?

  • @48884BB
    @48884BB Před 6 lety +2

    coincidentally this was exactly the video I needed right now xD also I now know a T-line is not for me. regular ported it is :D thanks for another great video!

  • @theelectricsheep8204
    @theelectricsheep8204 Před 4 lety

    Thank you that answered a lot of questions.

  • @luisd82
    @luisd82 Před 6 lety

    Man... I loved this video, lots of juicy information, keep going :) I am going to try the math in Excel mode and passing it to european units.

  • @rock3rd
    @rock3rd Před 7 měsíci

    Dog food demo was so on point, couldn’t explain any better great video

  • @spacemanrick2014
    @spacemanrick2014 Před 6 lety

    Excellent video, every time I was thinking, "but what about....(tappered, guys who think they add SPL, stuffed, multiple complex mathematical theory formulas, )" man, you had it covered. I think you really covered the basics of a T-line enclosure, with a simple formula to get someone started. 👌
    Just like sealed, ported, and passive radiators, you can make full-range T-lines for home speakers. The ones I have seen are usually 6"-8" full-range drivers in a T-line.

  • @MrGhostVortex
    @MrGhostVortex Před 6 lety

    Saw this video before work...instant like!👍

  • @mudduck4867
    @mudduck4867 Před 6 lety

    The Fab Kitchen is looking good and clean. Good video on t line boxes also.

  • @StuTubed
    @StuTubed Před 6 lety +39

    Really good visual explanation using the dog food. Good stuff!

    • @CarAudioFabrication
      @CarAudioFabrication  Před 6 lety +1

      I wanted to have a way to visually represent it, I hope it helped! Thanks for watching.

    • @Barney-hk3es
      @Barney-hk3es Před 6 lety

      CarAudioFabrication it did the trick

    • @kevinlivingston9563
      @kevinlivingston9563 Před 6 lety +1

      Stuart Wood I find the wet dog food yields a smoother response.

    • @ksikka
      @ksikka Před 5 lety +1

      ​@@CarAudioFabrication Agree! What if you horn-load the sub? Does that add to the number of dog foods, due to higher efficiency?

  • @jasonmc.dougall8551
    @jasonmc.dougall8551 Před 4 lety

    This was a bit helpful, will be building one for an 8" infinity sub, thanks...

  • @felixokeefe
    @felixokeefe Před 6 lety +2

    In some more advanced TL theory is stated that the speed of sound is slowed when passing through fibrous material such as poly-fill. This reduction in speed is dependant upon the sound frequency in question. It involves some extra math. However with proper stuffing it is possible to build a much smaller (read shorter line) TL subwoofer cabinet.

  • @SEELEYJP
    @SEELEYJP Před 5 lety

    Great explaination and great workmanship

  • @westcoast510
    @westcoast510 Před 6 lety

    I have worked with Mark in making a custom box for my 12's and everything went great.
    Right now I'm having him build another for some DDX-12's

    • @tweeter05ify
      @tweeter05ify Před 5 lety

      Daniel Lanning can you let me know what you come up with for yr ddxs I'd really appreciate it thanks

  • @RobinsonDanieldosSantos

    You are the best on the line!

  • @TheTherealdarkhorse
    @TheTherealdarkhorse Před 6 lety

    Fantastic explanation. Thanks so much. 😉

  • @TimoBirnschein
    @TimoBirnschein Před 2 lety +1

    I love the dog food graphics! Amazing :D

  • @wanghawk1602
    @wanghawk1602 Před 3 lety

    Great videos man.remind me of some of the quantum mechanics videos I watch.so many things to think about.its probably so hard for someone like you to settle on and install a personal system in your vehicle.so much to think about...port length ,frequencies,even eventually have to factor on dimensions of your car.....keep ya up at night thinking for months.lol.thanx for the lessons

  • @Rendraco79
    @Rendraco79 Před 6 lety

    hi there, thanks for share your knowledge! very nice videos. you have a beautiful workshop, i wish mine was like that ; greeting from colombia.

  • @guelocolon9338
    @guelocolon9338 Před 6 lety

    You should do videos explaining the difference between ported, 4th order, and 6th order bandpass enclosures and also show how the work and how to build them for people trying to get into spl builds.

  • @LRSS2455
    @LRSS2455 Před 6 lety

    I was looking at the box and thinking that it would make a great home theater enclosure. I might have to build one for my home system.

  • @RinksRides
    @RinksRides Před 6 lety

    FINE! subb'd bcuz U did a really good job essplainin' the maths behind a T-line.

  • @jameskyser9423
    @jameskyser9423 Před 6 lety +3

    So glad you covered a t line. I love this part of audio

  • @paolozak3014
    @paolozak3014 Před 4 lety +1

    The dog food explanation ! ...perfect 😎

  • @endall39
    @endall39 Před 6 lety

    Great explanation!

  • @speakersr-lyefaudio6830

    I love the line box

  • @8ten820
    @8ten820 Před 6 lety

    thanks for sharing Mark!

  • @JJ_ExMachina
    @JJ_ExMachina Před 6 lety

    OH man I so miss my T line box in my old wagon... The car was painted flat black, with a coffin shaped outer layer on the box. Figured since it was so big might as well play to the "coffin" thing everyone refers these as :P

  • @leonardovieira3557
    @leonardovieira3557 Před 4 lety

    Nice explantion!!!!!!!!!!!! Thanks so much!!!

  • @audis8v102
    @audis8v102 Před 6 lety

    i have a double rockford t2 12 in a transmission and it wins alot in db and sound great

  • @emc8564
    @emc8564 Před 4 lety

    this channel is awesome. im addict to it.

  • @hawiianpwr
    @hawiianpwr Před 6 lety

    Great video!

  • @3RDERA
    @3RDERA Před 6 lety

    Great video mark!!!

  • @sIpoolguy
    @sIpoolguy Před 6 lety

    This is your best video!

  • @adrianalleyne4343
    @adrianalleyne4343 Před 4 lety

    Man i love your reveiws man

  • @caraudioetc
    @caraudioetc Před 6 lety +24

    Really like these super technical videos. You do such a good job at explains complex concepts and techniques.
    Could you possibly do a video or even a demo comparing 3 boxes of equal size and volume but one is t line, 1 ported, 1 sealed and measure the response with the same woofer and amp?
    That would be so interesting to see and would reinforce how much difference a good enclosure can make.

  • @UniCrafter
    @UniCrafter Před 6 lety +6

    I made a tapering T-line with stuffing. Some tapering enclosures expand, the one I made contracts from equal surface area to about one third. It's half wave with a 12", and my god does it pound at 20Hz. I'd be interested to see what it's like in a car though it's 8' long, this one is just for the home theatre. The idea of the stuffing is also to reduce any port type resonances as the chamber behind the sub is larger, before the stuffing it had a 50Hz resonance and had cancellation at 60-70, the stuffing absorbs the higher frequency waves to reduce cancellation and reduces the type of airflow that a port produces to eliminate that resonance. I also used thin sheet metal behind the driver and at the curve (the design is up and back) with expanding foam behind it to make a perfect curve.

    • @truckinstuff2849
      @truckinstuff2849 Před 6 lety +5

      UniCrafter In the South, we don't use Stuffing... We make dressing on the side... Will that work? 😂

  • @chrisregalado7685
    @chrisregalado7685 Před 5 lety +3

    Thank you so much for this. I used your math to build a regenerative transmission line subwoofer like I saw from wisdom audio. I used 2-3ohm 8" Tymphany woofers with a QTS of .58 and it sounds incredible. The bass hits lower then I could have ever hoped for. I do have a question though as I want to build a giant cabinet to go under the couch.
    My question is: Would a woofer with a lower QTS yield better results? or are there particular specs you look for when choosing a woofer?

  • @saulpaul4240
    @saulpaul4240 Před 4 lety

    Good morning, thank you for so much in-depth info.
    Was curious on where line starts....
    Your drawing looks like past speaker,and I've read from speaker
    Center line and above speaker to port wall?????? Help!!🤯
    Thanks again for your time making
    us educated😁
    I will say also I built a 2way ,inspired from this video
    Not being sure of starting point
    Of line so I guessed........
    I used a Dayton designer series 5" and hivi tweeter (parts express stuff)
    I hid crossover in the bottom of box in a pedestal.
    Results were amazing!!
    My son thought other larger speakers where playing when I showed him them😃
    Thanks again man.

  • @greekdecibel108
    @greekdecibel108 Před 6 lety

    Omg thanks for this vid...there isnt much info about t line enclosures

  • @adamwatkins76
    @adamwatkins76 Před 6 lety

    WOW Mark , great Video! I will share the heck out of this.

  • @SharkFishSF
    @SharkFishSF Před 6 lety

    Cheers buddy, I'm learning about subs here 👍

  • @cisnerosepy77
    @cisnerosepy77 Před 2 lety

    You the best mark love your videos !!! You the man tnx for sharing

  • @georgem6359
    @georgem6359 Před 3 lety

    Hi there, Mark. I liked your video for explaining things in very easy terms to understand for a newbie like myself. Got a question - let's say you target frequency was 60 hz using a driver with a response of 48Hz - 22000Hz. So, 60 hz is higher than 48hz. But what would happen if your target were 35hz? Would the accordingly calculated enclosure work with the same driver?

  • @daves2354
    @daves2354 Před rokem

    Great information here

  • @adaboy4z
    @adaboy4z Před 5 lety

    This is a chalenge I want to build for a JL 8Wo I have laying around.. Gonna give it a run

  • @tuxedolark
    @tuxedolark Před 5 lety +3

    I'm keen on this build for a number of reasons, not least because the 6.5" Skar subwoofer I got for a specific application, and planned on a bass reflex enclosure based on an email in which they claimed a "tuning frequency" of 40Hz (which I thought meant resonant frequency) turned out to have a resonant frequency of 64Hz. I am definitely looking for FLAT frequency response (I'm 62 years old and have never been a fan of BOOM BOOM!), and if this takes me down to 32Hz (using you half-below-twice-above-Fs rule of thumb) before things fall off, I think I can live with that.
    If you're wondering why I'm using a 6.5" sub, the space I'm working with (package shelf of a first series Miata) is very limited in height. While there's not much total volume either, given the SD of 17.52in2, and the relatively high Fs (which, if my calculations are correct, makes for a port length of less than 4.5 feet), I think it's doable.
    What scares me is the "...once we build the box, we're going to need to do some [testing and] fine tuning". Besides adding stuffing, it's hard to imagine how to fine tune something that is a glued together wooden box. And apart from using my ear, I don't know about testing (I'll be searching this site for videos about that, but if you wanted to shoot me some links, that would be most helpful).

    • @bobsmithinson2050
      @bobsmithinson2050 Před 5 lety

      Alan Johansson did you ever do this? I too have some spare 6.5 woofers around

    • @tuxedolark
      @tuxedolark Před 5 lety

      Bry Ytab Not yet. Considerable life has happened since.

    • @bobsmithinson2050
      @bobsmithinson2050 Před 5 lety

      Alan Johansson understandable..it will be cool to see, if you ever attempt it

    • @PokeFit3
      @PokeFit3 Před rokem

      Usually tuning is adding wood in the "chamber" or creating a narrow "throat" to distinguish where the chamber ends and the port begins

  • @RSx94
    @RSx94 Před 6 lety

    I just designed a T-line enclosure for a DC m3 8" and it was not that hard.
    Thanks for the vid.

    • @gregkramer5588
      @gregkramer5588 Před 6 lety

      did you get a chance to measure the response curve?

  • @llspragulus
    @llspragulus Před 2 lety

    LOVE This video dude. I was truly expecting to be correcting you in my head on how/why/etc. I can say my only gripe of the whole video was your handwriting. LOL :)

  • @mantassiuska2298
    @mantassiuska2298 Před 6 lety

    Perfect!

  • @jeffreyallen3796
    @jeffreyallen3796 Před 5 lety

    I have built those for a few years. Hertz is hella cute.

  • @rhkips
    @rhkips Před 6 lety

    KibbleRTA(tm)! Hahaha, I like it. A well-built T-Line sounds really good, but they can be grossly inefficient, especially for Car Audio. At least with a ported box, you can adjust your tuning frequency to work with cabin gain for SPL or SQ!

  • @soundman_caraudio
    @soundman_caraudio Před 6 lety +34

    Nice box!!! Imma call this one "The Tay-lay dog food box" 😋

    • @ADR69
      @ADR69 Před 6 lety +1

      ...I told Rafa's mom

    • @randypooley4811
      @randypooley4811 Před 6 lety +1

      Be nice af to have some of that mobile solutions equipment lol

  • @LordGovernor420
    @LordGovernor420 Před 6 lety +2

    Question, I’m working with a 12 inch speaker that’s 6 inch’s in depth, do I have to make my air passage way more than 6 inch’s or can I stay at 6 inch’s where the speaker would touch the back of the board for the t line build. Looking at dimensions 15” x 38” x20”

  • @hooterboy12345
    @hooterboy12345 Před 5 lety +1

    You could absolutely get more output with 2 ported 10’s/12’s. But I’ve always been intrigued with how efficient a box can be with little power. I wonder how a band pass compares to a t-line like this.

  • @supervisor404atlanta3
    @supervisor404atlanta3 Před 6 lety

    Do you have any vids or ideals or experience with old school muscle cars sub setups?..need to put one in a 69 Camaro

  • @Troy_Audi0
    @Troy_Audi0 Před 6 lety

    I have been missing the Dog food! thats why my Violent Bass Air is not so Violent... Great video man

  • @daysend1341
    @daysend1341 Před 7 dny

    I've been trying to figure out a good box for my 2006 r50 mini cooper. Running a 10" alpine hdz-w10. I'm going to utilize the spare tire space but not much room. Running the skar 10 ported box but def to small. Wish me luck. Definitely checking out your website. Thanks for all the info. I've been researching for a few weeks now.

  • @chadstockton6821
    @chadstockton6821 Před 4 lety

    Thanks for the math! How would it differ if I added 2 drivers to the enclosure?

  • @DJMoPhiya
    @DJMoPhiya Před 6 lety

    I've been waiting for this video for a while! I want to build one for two 8" Sundown X-8s. I want to build it for the experience. I've built ported and sealed boxes but I've been curious about the actual build for T-Line boxes.

  • @drittal
    @drittal Před 3 lety +2

    1) there will be a 180° phase change when the sound wave reflects off a hard surface.
    2) there should also be a 180° phase change when it transitions from the box to the cabin of the vehicle.
    3) this box design tunes the system at the Fs of the driver, what happens when you tune the system for the resonant frequency of the vehicle, say 60hz? What gap does it fill in or does it provide a boosted response at that frequency, assuming the driver Fs is much lower?

  • @natnicebk
    @natnicebk Před 6 lety

    Can you use the same measurements for that box for two 10” subwoofers ?

  • @powerdrinker69
    @powerdrinker69 Před 5 lety

    can you build a box with the port having staggered humps creating 40 to 50 hertz frequency along the whole port and would it be louder?

  • @iMilletos
    @iMilletos Před 6 lety +1

    Hi Mark, Thanks for the awesome video but i have a question. The begin of the line length is the bottom left of the schematic or the center of the magnet? And if so, does mounting location matter?
    Thanks

  • @merwynvincent
    @merwynvincent Před 4 lety

    we were talking abt science and maths..... and suddenly u decided to do some magic 8:45 !!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @369jack369
    @369jack369 Před 6 lety

    Thanks just subbed. Looking at making a ported sub for my car. But i dont want the peaks and troffs so was going to share a 8inch and a 10inch mabey a 8/12 to compensate. Not designing it so both play in the same air space and have the bigger of the two over powers the smaler one. Have the issue with a 6/9 on the parshel shelf and its metal. My port are are around 6inch by 12 inch to get the bass through the back seats. Any advice would be great thanks. Jack

  • @BruceBusby
    @BruceBusby Před 6 lety

    World's cutest pooch!