6.27- Multivalued Dependency In Normalization | 4 Normal Form | Functional Dependency | DBMS

6.27- Multivalued Dependency In Normalization | 4 Normal Form | Functional Dependency | DBMS
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Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form
Definition: Let R be a relation having attributes or sets of attributes A, B, and C. There
is a multivalued dependency of attribute B on attribute A if and only if the set of B values
associated with a given A value is independent of the C values.
We write this as A →→ B and read it as A multidetermines B. If R has at least three
attributes, A, B, and C then in R(A, B, C), if A →→ B, then A →→ C as well.
Alternate definition of Multivalued Dependency
More generally, if R is a relation with multivalued dependency
A →→ B
then in any table for R, if two tuples, t1 and t2, have the same A value, then there
must exist two other tuples t3 and t4 obeying these rules
1. t3 and t4 have the same A value as t1 and t2
2. t3 has the same B value as t1
3. t4 has the same B value as t2
4. If R - B represents the attributes of R that are not in B, then the t2 and t3 have
the same values for R - B and
5. t1 and t4 have the same values for R - B
The dependency A →→ B is called a trivial multivalued dependency if B is a subset
of A or A ∪ B is all of R. Now we are ready to consider fourth normal form.
Definition: A relation is in fourth normal form (4NF) if and only if it is in BoyceCodd
normal form and there are no nontrivial multivalued dependencies.
Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
A relation is in 4NF if it is in BCNF and for all Multivalued Functional Dependencies
(MVD) of the form X →→ Y either X → Y is a trival MVD or X is a super key of relation.
Functional Dependency and Normalisation 225
Relations in BCNF also contains anomalies. Consider the relation Project-Work as shown
in Figure 6.18.
Project-Work
Programmer Project Module
P1 1 M1
P2 1 M2
P3 2 M1
P1 3 M1
P4 3 M2
FIGURE 6.18. Project-work relation.
Assumptions:
- A Programmer can work on any number of projects.
- A project can have more than one module.
Relation Project-work is in BCNF but still contains anomalies.
1. Deletion anomaly : If you delete project 2. You will loose information about Programmer
P3.
2. Insertion anomaly : If you want to add a new project 4. You cannot add this project
until it is assigned to any programmer.
3. Updation anomaly : If you want to change name of project 1. Then you have to
search all the programmers having project 1 and update them individually otherwise
it causes inconsistency.
Dependencies in Relation Project-work are
Programmer →→ Project
Project →→ Module
The solution of this problem is to divide relation Project-Work into two relations Prog-Prj
(Programmer, Project) and Prj-Module (Project, Module)
6.17- Convert a relation into 2nf | Second Normal Form | Functional Dependency And Normalization • 6.17- Convert a relati...
6.18- Third normal form In DBMS With Easy Example | 3nf in dbms | Normalization in dbms • 6.18- Third normal for...
6.19- Numerical Convert A Relation Into 3nf | Convert relation in third normal form | normalization • 6.19- Numerical Conver...
6.20- Properties Of Normalization- Lossless join & Dependency Preservation Property of Normalization • 6.20- Properties Of No...
6.21- Lossless Join Property Of Normalization | Lossless Decomposition | Normalization | dbms • 6.21- Lossless Join Pr... Notes Link:
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Great video💯