Mucosal, Acral, Uveal Futures - Time to Invest!

Inderjit Mehmi, MD
Medical Oncology
The Angeles Clinic & Research Institute, A Cedars-Sinai Affiliate
Melanoma arises from melanocytes, the cells responsible for our unique skin pigmentation. While most melanomas form on sun-exposed skin, they can also appear in less expected places such as the eyes and areas not typically exposed to the sun, like mucous membranes, or even on the palms, soles, or beneath fingernails.
It's common to lump all subtypes of melanoma into one category, yet each possesses distinct characteristics.
Acral Melanoma
Acral melanoma is a relatively rare skin cancer that appears on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and under fingernails or toenails. It is notably the most prevalent form of melanoma among individuals with darker skin tones. Unlike many other types of skin cancer, acral melanoma is not thought to be caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Mucosal Melanoma
Mucosal melanoma is a rare cancer that targets the mucous membranes lining various parts of the body, including the nasal passages, sinuses, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and the genital and anal regions. This form of melanoma is responsible for approximately 1% of melanoma diagnoses, making it one of the less common types of this skin cancer.
Uveal Melanoma
Uveal melanoma, also known as ocular melanoma, develops in the eye's uveal tract, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. This type of melanoma is distinct from other forms, as it affects the eye, one of the most crucial sensory organs. It is estimated that uveal melanoma accounts for 5% of all melanoma cases.
Mucosal and uveal melanomas are thought to be caused by genetic mutations in the cells lining these areas, rather than exposure to UV radiation. This makes them unique from other forms of skin cancer, which are often linked to sun damage. However, individuals with a family history of these types of melanomas or certain genetic conditions may have an increased risk of developing mucosal or uveal melanoma.
Should you suspect melanoma or any form of skin cancer, it's imperative to consult your doctor without delay.