What Happens After the Universe Ends?
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- čas přidán 28. 05. 2024
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Conformal Cyclic Cosmology is a story of the origin and the end of our universe from great mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose. It’s goes like this: the infinitely far future, when the universe has expanded exponentially to to an unthinkably large size, and every black hole and particle has decayed into faint radiation .... that infinite stretch of space and time is identically the SAME THING as the infinitesimal and instantaneous big bang of a new universe, and our universe is just one in an endless chain.
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
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Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
#space #astrophysics #universe
Previous Episodes Discussed
Geometry of Causality - • The Geometry of Causality
Higgs Mechanism - • The Higgs Mechanism Ex...
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When the universe ends, I'm sticking around to see if there's a post-credits scene.
That list of names
Of everyone body that evwe lived lol actors
@@riveratrackrunner
Jimmy the cockroach the 13th quintillionth
Died 1945 by impact from shoe
"No Animal were harmed in the making of this film."
There's a teaser for the sequel at the end
"Hey folks, Enjoy your entropy while it's low." Says the previous Universe.
The second law of thermodynamics says 'God IS real'.
@@The_Real_Indiana_Joe Fractal time says Nature is intractable, so hail Eris. Don't even need the sign problem. Just finite symmetry groups.
@@briandegraw4445 God made those.
@@The_Real_Indiana_Joe I was under the impression that the second law of thermodynamics said that the total entropy of a closed system can't decrease over time. I must've been wrong.
@@briandegraw4445 🍎
I like how he is wearing a tshirt that says HEAT DEATH IS COMING
"ah yeah lets give a dark reminder that the heat death is coming and that nobody can escape it to students worldwide"
fake-science: Looking at the cyclic universe from a macro perspective, this fallacy proves that energy can be transferred from low to high energy, and then from high to low energy, keep looping
Scientists have discovered that the universe has been degenerating because of the Big Bang evidence(contradicts with the big bang). Scientific theory: The universe evolved from the increase (degeneration) of entropy, concealing the contradictory lies of creationism(god).
The Bible, book of job, isaiah or other, says that god stretches out the heavens, which is the redshift of the universe.
Universe evolution insults mechanics: The gravity of the sun evolved the solar system, but I have never seen the gravitational theory that gravity can evolve antigravity(gravitation of eight planet). The gravity of the sun should interfere with their evolution, causing them to eventually fail to form.
With the advancement of science and technology, there are more and more loopholes in the theory of biological evolution, which proves that when science was underdeveloped, those people superstitious in the theory of biological evolution. Nowadays, the theory of evolution is very controversial in the scientific community.
@@linlaodenis2933 , you are full of s**t: The "theory of evolution," as you call it, or natural selection, is not at all controversial. Really, dude, you are full of crap.
Beyond that lie, the rest of your post is gibberish.
Conformal Cyclic Cosmology idea is actually very elegant and beautiful. It's looks both very natural and like work of mathematical art. And it even can be explained in simple terms to a layman like me.
Light when the universe begins and ends: "Oh no, anyway."
Translation?
If the begining is the end in lights perception of time then nothing really matters for it.
Omg Clarkson 😂
@@plank4235 If light doesn't "feel" time, and CCC was reality, wouldn't light say, ""
@@keekwai2 Speed of light is so fast, that if you were a being made of light, you wouldn't have a perception of anything, because to you, your life would just end as suddenly as it began.
Corporate needs you to find the differences between this picture (1 light second universe) and this picture (1 billion light year universe). Photon: They're the same picture.
Underrated comment lol.
Lmaoo this was the best comment🤣🤣
Corporate cyclic cosmology
This was an incredible episode, one of my favourites. I endlessly appreciate the teams efforts
1:17 he called it outrageous not because he thinks its outrageous, but that he knew others would think it to be outrageous. I love all of Penrose's theories. They all seem so optimistic and beautiful. It reminds me of Anaximander's concept of the apeiron in which there was indefinite mass where thinks come from and went back into. He also defined things as being the opposites hot and cold. This reminds me of thermodynamics. Anyway, I think it was he who postulated that the Earth was created in some sort of vortex. Man the presocratics were so ahead of their time. This makes me feel that human intuition when deep and introspective is usually correct in postulating theories.
I wish you were right, but consider the extreme historical cherry picking here. Consider that vs the billions of crap hypotheses that spring up, utterly unanchored to evidential or mathematical reality.
@@djayjp I mean yes, but I am mainly referring to the presocratics and ancients that all explored similar areas. You also had the atomists.
Last gasp of the universe: “We have been trying to reach you about your car’s expiring warranty”
Me: yes my car is a 2020, I bought it in December of 2019 yes I bought the extended warranty at the dealership and lifetime oil changes. Please feel free to continue wasting mine and your time
I just tell them I'm Jeff Bezos
@@ciajeffbezoz171 Really? I like to say, "which one? The Aston Martin or the Lotus?"
Ken K This is your final notice...
What about "As you no doubt will be aware, the plans for the development of the outlying regions of the western spiral arm of the galaxy require the building of a hyperspace express route through your star system and, regrettably, your planet is one of those scheduled for demolition. The process will take slightly less than two of your Earth minutes thank you very much." :)
3:15
I was like: Hey, that means they are the same thing!
Matt 3 seconds later: Now these clearly aren't the same thing.
I think this summarizes my experience with this channel.
Clearly you are a photon.
Depends on your definition of the "same thing" ;-)
They look the same which is (very basically speaking) the point of the theory.
Thank the Aeons I’m not the only one.
6:45 you were right.
But also wrong 😁
Some personal philosophic conjecture:
When entropy gets the highest, it's actually the lowest, because when everything is the same, there is only one thing that exists.
Man I love this channel. He had to look at his notes of screen but I can’t blame him. He’s simplifying a textbook on the meaning of everything.
Gotta love PBS space time.
I absolutely love that we learn about hypotheses here. We're presented the evidence and the arguments, but not told what to think.
Agreed. Some more sensationalist channels would portray such hypotheses as fact, but PBS Space Time simply presents it as what it is... outrageous, exciting, but quite possibly totally wrong.
Ditto.
That's how science works.
@@Taeban42 Not everyone abides by that though. A lot of people try to throw their own opinions at you as fact, without talking about the counter side of things. PBS keeps their own biased opinions out of almost every epsiode that they do.
I have a huge amount of respect to this channel because of that
@Andy Solomons I was only referring to the "PBS spacetime" series. I don't have much to say about corporation's or politically based subjects.
Steps to success:
1. Predict the end of the universe
2. Write a book about it
3. Prophet?
Booo, also I love it.
Of course you meant 'Profit?', Jesus.
@@sirbarringtonwomblembe4098 Unless he actually meant prophet, as a joke. That poses a question not unlike the famous "if a tree falls in a forest": if someone predicts the end of the Universe and it happens, does it make him a prophet if there is no one to verify his claim?
@@sirbarringtonwomblembe4098 I'm really sure you just missed the pun there. :-)
@@sirbarringtonwomblembe4098 Very good pun, sir. I tip my hat.
I love how he talks so casually and fluently about things I simply can’t begin to wrap my brain around….
... don't worry ... "Talk is cheap".
😉
"Have you considered the possibility that you can't wrap your head around it because they are full of it?" -a flat earther, probably.
It’s not about difficulty, it’s more just knowledge. Think about how casually you can talk about the internet while someone from colonial times wouldn’t understand the first thing about computers. If given enough time they’d just as easily understand the internet as you, just as you can understand physics if you do the reading
You have to wrap your brain around it exponentially at equal dimensions at all sides.
@@demetergrasseater”the reading?” What reading lol
I find it very difficult not to get nihilistic or even depressed after watching a couple of these (very informative and interesting!) videos in a row
Embrace the absurdity. Make your own meaning. Live a full life. That’s all you can do.
@@treysonmcgrady4750 That is a very good answer. Thank you and have a nice day
This single episode gave me the biggest mindf*** i've ever had
I had it a few years ago when i saw a lecture by penrose on this topic. He's not the most gifted speaker, but it blew my mind, and without even being close to able to understand the math, there then I decided thats what Im going to believe until someone actually disproves it or comes up with something better. Its just so elegant it almost has to be true.
Same O_o ^^
Go find other videos by Penrose. Not as user friendly, but incredible. I had the same feeling when Penrose put his hand drawn end and beginning of the universe transparencies together. I had to stop the video in awe.
Same, also I was freaked out because it's one of the rare episodes where I understood start to finish. What a ride.
Have heard Penrose talk about CCC before. It actually makes sense to me. But then again I am an English teacher. Great video by the way.
I don't always understand everything said on SpaceTime, but I grasp enough to enjoy it. :)
I don't always understand everything said on SpaceTime, but when i do I watch two episodes.
Stay curious my friends.
i often watch things on this channel 3 to 4 times to try to understand and if and when it clicks it always blows my mind, which is why i love physics/cosmology.
Don't feel like it's possible to understand everything especially on one go around.. but hey that's why we're here.. to learn and understand it for the next go around lol or be curious enough to want to learn said info
The presenter doesn’t either but at least he can use all those wonderful adjectives! 😂
llqqqq
If there were more universes before us, there could have been creatures that had the same level of knowledge as us.
If this were the case it would be certain that there were by mathematical probability alone, so even if we were alone in our current universe it would be a certainty that we weren't alone in all of eternity but other than mathematical probability we'd have no way to find out if that were true. Either way, it's a cool thought.
If only you could define or set out what you seek to convey by " universe", but you are about to demonstrate that you cannot by signally failing to do so, because as you are now discovering, you have not the faintest idea what you mean by universe, which is one something(the clue in the prefix "uni")but one what?
You have no idea have you?
It is simple enough it is one('uni'means one), but one *what*?
You see?- Because you have the word, you mistakenly assume you have the meaning of the word, and are about to demonstrate that you have not, and have no idea one what or what the word "universe conveys to you nor what you seek to convey by it when you use it to others.
It is simple enough, it is one some thing and my left pocket bets my right pocket you are about to demonstrate that you have no idea whatsoever, one what. A moments reflection will reveal to you that whatever it is there can*Only* be one-but one what?- you have not the faintest idea, as you will demonstrate by signally failing to set out one what. So what is *By_definition* unique?
How exactly do you understand the word" universe" and how do you define whatever you mean by(but have no idea)universe.
You have no idea and cannot even begin to define universe?- No surprises there.
If only you could define " universe", but you are about to demostrate that you cannot by signally failing to do so.
UnivrseS is an obvious screamingly obvious oxymoron a definitional impossibility like two unique things.
If by universe you mean everything or the totality of all things then *By_Definition there can only be one so no uiverse_S(plural)which would be and is gibberish.If there can be more than one of whatever it is that you have in mind, whatever it is that you have in mind cannot possibly be the universe(which means everything) and*Obviously there is and can be only*One* eveything or universe.
Either that is obvious to you or you are suffering from some handicap or disability so perhaps just not bother with universals from here on in.
Universe means *Everything* Yo understand that? If so, jolly good; now it must surely be obvious you that there can be *Only_One* Everything. You can follow that I hope
I like that idea of a previous universe leaving behind a message. It would be their way of saying "We existed. We were real."
It's kind of beautiful in a way.
cringe
@@riverrunsthrough8268 you're cringe
Pretty sure the message from the last universe is "We apologize for the inconvenience."
That, or, "Please hold - we are currently feeding the dolphins."
intelligentcomputing or “so long, and thanks for all the fish”
Goose and bear are some tricksters.
I thought it was, "And now for something completely different..."
@@RayHuong Isn't it about time for the penguin on top of your television set to explode?
In short: Once all indicators of scale have decayed, and scale can no longer be determined, scale no longer matters, all measurements are impossible and points are only relative to each other in ratios of distance, not units. At this point where suddenly what was once infinitely far apart can also be considered infinitely close, big bang. Rinse repeat for eternity.
Yeah, but isn't that just playing with words? I mean "can be considered" and "it is" are not the same? Or are they? :)
I'm not picking holes but genuinely confused about the implications of dark energy in this idea, maybe you know - can ratios tell you everything if expansion accelerates? If photons can always meet, and their interactions are preserved, then scale doesn't matter, but if dark energy expands space, then after some scale the photons will never interact, never intersect, and be infinitely separated by expansion of space that creates more space in a unit of time than the photon can travel.
That seems to be the "short of it", but there must be something major that's missing because why at this ultimate point where "all measurements are impossible and points are only relative to each other in ratios of distance, not units" suddenly it all switches completely back to "normal", energies are extreme, matter is everywhere and we can measure everything?
@@sabjanzoltan If two things are indistinguishable, it's at least arguable that they are in fact the same thing.
As I understand it can be deeper than that: all the indicators of scale will necessarily decay on the infinite time that gets conformally transformed into the inflation period of the next.
I think this is my favourite episode of PBS; I keep coming back here because the theory really makes so much sense to me and it's explained so well here. Thanks for all you do!
This is amazing and I really find the CCC model extremely compelling for many reasons. It’s the key that got me thinking about a deeper probabilistic quantum reality based on information theory.
Go on now.... Give us the elevator pitch. Seriously though I'm curious.
@@djayjpit seems Sir Penrose’s life has been long. He personally attended many events. I believe he knew of Witten and others -very influential people who met and analyzed what the future might hold. I feel he topped it all.
@@brendawilliams8062 Not sure how comment is relevant.
@@djayjp He has personal experience of the infancy of many things that later on in time blossomed into many areas of mathematics and physics. I know from my own small accomplishment that tens float and pi stacks. He can take it from there and is most capable of knowing how to wrap that story up. It is simple , elegant and true.
@@brendawilliams8062 You need to read the OP's comment more carefully as well as my first comment. Hint: I responded to his last sentence.
Funny enough, the representation of the CCC daisy chain is also a scale model of my mind blowing approximately every two minutes throughout the video.
Ah yes, time to feel like i understand way more things than i do for 18 minutes
🤣🤣😂😊 - Me too! After about 2 min I found myself staring off into nothing...
They're saying he's way smarter then us and we just pretend to understand it all like he does :)
What happens when the universe ends? Consciousness goes on, gets bored and makes a new one.
@Brian Hmm I mean that, while he is explaining these kind of things I do feel like I understand the concepts etc. but then quickly afterwards the realisation of not "really" understanding what he told me comes in
Don't worry. Physicists struggle with learning these concepts precisely the first time as well. It's hard stuff that you only truly understand after you deal with it for weeks, months or even years in some cases.
Thats such a cool painting. At first I thought "man... matt needs to clean his bathroom walls"
I'm hoping we have a cyclical universe so that at some point my consciousness will return to life, allowing me to live again.
If the universe is infinite, and this theory is correct, we may have someone like you at some point in space-time thinking about the exact same thing, so i guess you could say you live on through them
"We" being you and which immediate identifiable interlocutor?
If only you could define " universe", but you are about to demostrate that you cannot by signally failing to do so.
"We" being you and which specific identifiable immediate interlocutor?
The first time I heard Penrose talk about CCC I thought it was a beautiful idea. Its the most convincing hypothesis Ive heard about pre-big bang physics.
I love it, and equally love the quantum version of it that I've heard, which is basically that in the post heat-death universe there's no meaningful time, so you have the forever it takes to wait for all of the wave functions of the radiation drifting away to just so happen to spontaneously end up in the exact same location, making another big bang. I'm sure I've done a terrible job of explaining this idea, it's late at night and I've just heard of it somewhere random online I'm sure, not from one of these well explained videos, but the logic involving time becoming meaningless and then a new big bang therefore eventually happening is shared between the 2, even though this video's example uses relativity, and the one I'm butchering in this comment thinks in terms of quantum wave functions of probability density.
@@revenevan11 you haven’t fully done CZcams if you haven’t explained complex quantum theories at 2 am👌
Agreed, I think it's because it's the explanation that requires the least assumptions/is self contained. Multiverses are cool, but all they do is kick the can down the road.
@@chrism6315 yeah, that's the issue with inflation theory, it doesn't explain a lot of things and its based on a lot of assumption and un-tested theories, whereas CCC only relies on GR and quantum statistics..
So that we be like the Phoenix life and death or resurrection abilities , on a cosmic scale , but it would be a cause for it , nothing self destructs on it's on unless the source collapse , and there is a source
I posed this question to my 4 year old daughter and she said "All of the ice cream is going to melt." Some deep thinking and concern going on there touching on the things that really matter.
You can reassure her that it gets really cold when the universe enters heat death so the ice cream won’t melt.
@@mitseraffej5812 of course everyone is dead at that point so no one left to eat it anyway.
@I COME FROM SUN it's true.. like little youngin Terrance McKenna asking his mom why europe fits perfectly into africa like a puzzle piece, well young one that's just a coincidence.. a few years later they discovered well it's because they were once part of the same complete puzzle.. kids are geniuses.. wish I still thought like that lol
@I COME FROM SUN That's different from anwsering "ice cream is gonna melt", isn't it?
@@K1LoFoX What? I hope this is sarcasm. It's South America and Africa, and definitely not McKenna, continental drift has nothing to do with psychedelics ffs.
14:30 “Try to have fun”. This is the best advice that can ever be given.
This is my favorite episode so far, for some reason this makes perfect sense to me.
“CCC naturally gives you dark matter, but we’ll skip that for now.” WAIT NO
Con, typical of the nonsense that is cosmology.
Smh!
BBCs also provide a lot of dark matter but that's a topic for another video.
Reminds me of that cartoon of two scientists in front of a huge complicated looking equation. At one point in the middle there is written, 'And then a miracle occurs', with the equation continuing as normal after. The other scientist points and says 'I think you need to expand your working out here'.
TheEyesOfNye I have already seen the video(s)
Penrose’s concept of “infinity equalling zero” (or, nothing being indistinguishable from everything?) is simultaneously completely intuitive, yet also almost impossible to explain.
Thank you for such an insightful video, you did a great job describing what I’ve been feeling!
Here is a question for you :
What would you call a whatever-you-mean-by *con *concept* *without* a corresponding or matching direct immediate personal experience.
Put the case that neither infinity nor zero have/has and cannot possibly have any corresponding or matching or equivalent direct immediate personal experience, or it put another way they are rather like an image of a piece of bread but cannot be eaten or otherwise experience as can a piece of bread, so your famous Concept* is little or *no* more than a rather vague image or symbol entirely with a matching corresponding or equivalent direct immediate personal experience.
*Can it be said that what infinity and zero have in common is that infinity cannot be directly immediate personally experienced an by the same token, nor more can Zero, thus they are interchangeable, or come to one and the same thing?
@@vhawk1951klI believe the answer to your question is No, that's not the thing they have in common. I'm not sure your assumption of what a "direct personal experience" is exactly or how it could be rigorously defined, but I also don't believe it's relevant here, as we know people absolutely are able to wrap their heads around the concepts given the right priming
@@eragonawesome I can no longer locate nor remember what the question was and am long past caring about it
@@vhawk1951kl yeah that's fair lol, I don't think I looked at the date before replying to your comment
@@eragonawesome Remind me of, or reproduce my question, which, being very old and doddery, I forget.
If you do not like my definition of knowledge provide me with a better definition, and pick a better moniker *awesome* you are not. Like your servant here present you are temporary.
Frankly I usually can't follow you to the end of a video. But this one I got all the way through. Thank you for clarifying Penrose's ideas. It helped me understand CCC a bit better.
Somehow I missed this one but it found me a year late. This channel is SO cool and Matt you're the best at explaining this stuff! Thank you to everyone at Space Time.
If you guys were on SubscribeStar I would sign up, cant give patreon my money due to their censorship.
This may be the most confusing and abstract topic that I've ever felt like I really understood. The notion that massless particles don't experience time, so they also don't experience distance as they travel, was a real eye-opener.
You might be pleased to know that the term "lightlike interval" seems to have replaced an older term, "zero interval," based on at least one old-looking book saying that an interval can be either "timelike, spacelike, or zero." :D
@fynes leigh -- I'm being clear, that I believe, that you subscribe to EU.
@fynes leigh oh and ur some highly wise guy typing on youtube eh?
@fynes leigh im very curious about what you /do/ think is real, since you seem to think that atoms and particules are a belief
@fynes leigh science is not a belief system, it is only a method. Belief relies on trust, as science relies on evidence.
Hi Matt O'Dowd
I am a die hard fan of yours. I started watching your videos since I was 13 in 8 th standard (2018) . For about 2 - 3 months I can't understand most of what we're you talking about but felt amazed to gain such a knowledge. Then I was able to understand your videos and they helped me get happier whenever I was depressed from school study. I usually hate subjects taught in school except maths physics and chemistry. I always used to top the exams of maths physics and chemistry. I also had won many exams at international or national level. I got in love with physics because of your channel. I always used to be too excited to watch your videos. Now I have learned a lot about physics and its beauty. Please reply or give me a heart if you see this comment so that I can know if you have read it
NAMAN GOYAL from India
Awww
100% UPVOTE
This is beautiful, the only part I don't relate too is successful at school
I started at 8% understanding, now I think I'm up to 12%.
I hope you can continue to study at the university. There it's more fun when you can chose the subject you like and delve deeper into them one at a time. It's also the place to meet more like minded people.
So don't totally neglect the boring subjects until then. I am also re-watching some of the older space-time episodes and hopes I can understand more...
Message from previous universe: "The bad news it that the universe repeats itself in the same way endlessly and also you are doomed to a heat death.....the good news is I saved 15% on my hovercraft insurance by switching to vocanno glider insurance.
That would literally be the 1 version of theorys i fear most.
That would be H-ll in my Eyes.
An empty space still has virtual particles, some of which experience time. Don't they count? Just like how Boltzmann Brains, can't clocks randomly appear? And in a large enough space, can't there always be more than one Boltzmann clock to measure time in an empty space?
Well you can't measure the position and velocity of a virtual particle at the same time, thus you cannot observe any meaningful data from it. Not to mention that you can't only not observe anything, but you also can't interact in any way. Virtual particles also require actual real particles in order to be "exist" at all, because virtual particles only pop up when observable particles get close together. They are emitted from one particle and absorbed by another, but they disappear before they can be measured.
This reminds me a lot of "The Last Question" by Issac Asimov
i was thinking "His masters voice" by Stanislaw Lem
Hey you remembered his name! The author once joked that the majority of people barely know the title, let alone his name.
@Anirban Chakrabarti I'm getting goosebumps just thinking about it rn ahahah probably going to read it later!
Fiat lux!
To me it sounds like the manifold time series from Stephen Baxter
The purpose of Humanity is to create a giant gravitational wave machine that will send all of our memes into the next universe
Yes
Imigne the new universe develops life and thinks our memes were made feom the gods because they predate the universe 😂 scientists would hate it FOREVER
We need to make the next cosmic microwave background a colossal troll face
oof
Only send happy face 😃
The universe exists for me to subsist.
When I die, it dies too.
Yes.....it was...it is....it will be
all about you. A truly self aware person..........LOL
How many really believe this..
@@williamzwuck1562 When I cease to exist, so do you.
Prove me wrong. ;)
How do you tell the time when yr dead a second won't feel different than a billion years. Just like the billions of years before we where born
Thanks. I have been waiting a long time for this video.
I started watching PBS space time 3 years ago in grade 8 and I've gone from understanding 2% of the video to 45% of it and I feel proud
Never stop learning!
Around about the same understanding a lot of the time I leave an episode only and then come back to it later and for some reason I start to understand more
"That is not dead which can eternal lie. And with strange aeons even death may die." -H.P. Lovecraft
Awesome, apt, quote!
Hail Eris, All Hail Discordia.
What does "That is not dead which can eternal lie." mean and why does it seem written by a 10 year old with horrible grammar?
@@Hallowed_Ground The syntax is odd because it's poetry, and strict part-of-speech correctness takes a back seat to scansion. Written in prose, it would be "That which can lie eternally is not dead", but the rhythm of that phrase isn't as effective. It means that death is not static. A once-living thing undergoes decay or supports new life. One might even apply it to nonliving things, because even the very rocks are dynamic on the scale of millions or billions of years.
@@Hallowed_Ground Referencing an undead politician or a vampire lawyer. Aeons bringing to existance the perfect storm mutant that is the lawyer-politician.
Thanks has a change of heart and snaps everyone back.
Mind. Blown. Apart.
One more, awesome PBS episode. As usual.
And Penrose, absolutely rocks. I have his impossible Penrose triangle tattooed on my left forearm. That much of a fanboy, I am.
"In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and has been widely regarded as a bad move." - Douglas Adams
At least the Big Bang Burger Bar can make money off of it -_('-')_-
Someone watching us would be saying "Oh wow, they figured out how the simulation works. Usually it happens in later stages. Oh well, too bad everything gets formatted at the end of every cycle."
It’s been obvious since 2016.
I guess the "messages" we can send to the next Aeon are side-channel effects like cache, TLB and branch predictor footprint.
@@wenqiweiabcd Haha Quantum mechanics probably has some exploit similar to Meltdown and Specter...
Watch the movies from 90s, the thirteenth floor and dark city which have similar concepts and are really awesome...
More like "hey, they figured it out already. Usually they only get it by 2052. Welp, time to format"
Lovely, mate! Keep up the fine work!
Im no scientist or have a physics background and i cant understand it all but i love to listen to you and this subject. Keep going!
This reminds me of what Carl Sagan called "infinite regression" in his book "Cosmos" from the 1980s. I was a kid then, but I remember reading his book 4-5 times, and the last chapters of the book were the ones that really blew my mind.
I have Reade's the book 3 years ago and I didn't remember this part .
Perhaps I will look again
See the work of respected Sir Roger Penrose. He has re-postulated a kind of recursive cosmology. It may gain some ground. His proposition of cosmological "epochs" is somewhat testable, as well.
@@tylerdurden3153 I often like to go back to the old, original "Cosmos" and see what popular folk were saying about the universe at those ancient times. There is no mention of dark matter, dark energy, or dark flow for example. It's quite refreshing, and a must-see for those who want to understand the historical progression of pop-cosmological communications with the public.
Brian Hmm Infinite regression seems logically impossible, but do we know (enough) about what sort of logic pertains to the universe at its biggest scale? After all, logic at the quantum scale is different from that we experience in out daily life.
@@onehitpick9758 Actually I think you're getting, and giving a very distorted view. It's not like physicists were talking about Dark Energy that much earlier than the public. It was the Hubble Space Telescope's 2001 discovery of supernova 1997ff which provided evidence for Dark Energy. This development has little to do with "pop-cosmological communications"(and if it's legitimate science communication with the public, why are you calling it "pop"?). I'd add that the spread of the internet has everything to do with disseminating modern physics, and pre-internet Cosmos doesn't give much perspective on this at all. I think you're a bright person feeling a little insecure about understanding the physics and trying to compensate by making pronouncements about what we're getting on the receiving end. Note the term "pop-psychology" strongly implies inaccuracy and even deception, and creating terms like "pop-cosmological" has similar implications. Sagan would resent such a characterization. He was, and PBS Spacetime is, interested in disseminating accurate science and that term, and "popular folk", is denigrating what they are trying to do. Don't try to compensate for not being able to contribute directly, yourself.
People complain that the ending didn’t do the characters justice, then they start a fan fiction page and demand a reboot, a prequel or a spin off.
@Astute Cingulus We biomedical engineers are working on the last question :3
Astute Cingulus We are not stupid..we are just on a early stage of evolution.
Massless Effect.
So, scrawled on the next universe is "Hi, my name is Ebony Dark'ness Dementia Raven Way..."
I appreciate CCC, because i like the notion of eternal universe. I think though, that due to the energy conservation, contraction will replace the expansion at some point. I also suspect, the actual symmetry is self-similarity(instead of a conformal one) and the universe is somehow a fractal.
If you think about it for a moment the CCC is a fractal (since all a fractal really is is a never-ending pattern and the CCC is as never-ending pattern of big bangs and expansion), and since kinetic energy leads to a contraction in rest mass vs kinetic energy (making rest mass negligible) as it gets higher you have an inevitable state that would lead to a break down in the function of the Higgs field giving quantum particles mass leading to a massless universe which begins the big bang all over again so in a way the CCC leads to a form of contraction and expansion in a fractal system that doesn't needlessly break the conservation of energy as that energy carries on into the next Aeon leaving dark energy in its wake.
I'm not sure if I'm saying what I mean clearly enough but I hope so.
As far as I'm understanding it the CCC meets everything you think except the actual symmetry being self-similarity instead of conformal. I'm not quite sure what you mean by that but I find this whole thing very fascinating either way.
Energy conservation isn't valid on a cosmological scale, only on a local level
This is the arguably the Best Space Time episode.
Final message from the last universe: "Dude we did it! We managed to create another big bang! Ah yeah! And now we fade away into the void..."
can you imagine if we looked back through time and saw regular, repeating patterns scrawled in the CMB, patterns which break down into the letters "never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down" and a crude doodle of a middle finger?
I love these short podcasts , for about 20 seconds. After that I’m lost 😮
That's really cool an poetic. A universe of perfect entropy is the same as a universe with no entropy. Like a cosmic loop.
If only you had some slight idea what you mean by or could define, 'universe' but you are about tpo demonstrate that you cannot.
Inter-universe graffiti is more likely to be "Smedjip was here" than anything from which we could benefit.
That's pretty much what I was thinking. "Great Minds", and all that, eh, mate?
Only if people keep voting Democrat.
@@OnideusMadHatter What message would a republican leave between universes?
@@illustriouschin "Orange man not bad"
@@illustriouschin - Well, assuming that Republican is me... probably information regarding the construction of quantum temporal computing systems. Computers capable of sending information back in time by a few nanoseconds. So the computer knows the answer to a calculation before it even performs it. Processing so over clocked your computer knows what you want before you even know you wanted it.
There's something very soothing in thinking about the ending of the universe.
There is. :)
PENROSE IS THE MAN !!!!!!!!!!!! Heroically brilliant, in so many subjects !
Business casual cosmology... Love it! Totally going to use that at some point.
"What protocols exist for protecting Earth from alien microbes?"
We can't even protect Earth from Earth microbes.
Isn't that kind of the point?
During the moon landings the astronauts were put in isolation upon return. That is the only protocol I know of on potential alien microbes.
One way travels
That is hurtful, but unfortunately true.
Simp
Physicists in the next universe: Guys I found a message in the cosmic microwave background! Maybe it'll help us save our dying universe!
The message: Caed Aldywch
I laughed way too hard at this, I wish I had more than one like to give.
What if some of the random, patternless static that we detect in space all the time are actually names?
Confictura Incarnatus Maybe they’re jokes.
“In the future, humor will be randomly generated.”
Could someone explain? A Google search didn't clear that joke up for me!
@@sankhyohalder97 Don't read the comments before the end of the video, I made the same mistake...
"Eat your veggies and have fun! We command you!" LOL!
The one thing I know about The End Of The Universe is that eventually Zarquon does indeed show up.
Only once though, which is weird.
It's been so long since I last read hitchhikers -
@@nopenope4502 It was Restaurant.
@@tomkerruish2982 Huh?
The book is "The resteraunt at the end of the universe" or the radio programme is episode... agh crap it I can't remember.
The series is "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a Trilogy of 5"
It's part of the hitchhikers series, if that's what you mean
@@nopenope4502 Yes, I was referring to the book. I've read that DNA was pleased that nearly every iteration was inconsistent with the others, with the (to him) annoying exception that the published radio scripts were consistent with the radio show itself. Definitely a frood who really knew where his towel was.
@@tomkerruish2982 lmao
Everyone: We should not give 2020 any other ideas.
Matt O'Dowd : "I wonder, is it possible to be devoured by a black hole while bring blasted by a supernova and frozen by the heat death of the universe all at the same time?"
Expecting to have enough matter left that late in time...
On the other hand, the black hole might pull the blast from the supernova towards it, saving us. The following accretion then saves us from cooling out. Maybe one of the best possible situations in the late universe.
It's always been good to have impeccable timing.
mean, it would be really hard to be blasted by a supernova and freeze at the same time. I'm sure you could do it. I vote we change it to "I wonder, is it possible to be devoured by a black hole while receiving a lethal dose of neutrino radiation and frozen by the heat death of the universe all at the same time"
And..
That's Dr. Matt O'Dowd 🤣
Ahhh 2020 memes at least 2021 have been pretty normal so far and not a complete clown show like 2020 by Late March
After the Universe is Universe 2-niverse: Electic Boogaloo-niverse
Good one
I see what you did there..... ;)
Che Burns travesty
The Universe part deux
This time it’s personal!
But Humans and Dinosaurs co-exist and get blazed together. We learn from the mistakes of this universe.
This is what my afternoon classes sound like after an all-nighter.
I usually understand most of it, if I'm paying attention, but I enjoy just listening to it in the background and absorbing a small amount as well.
you can understand what words he is saying but cant understand the *verse
Loved this episode. Man, imagine finding gravitational waves from a previous universe. I don’t think we’d be able to handle that.
I'm so glad Sir Penrose's hypothesis is getting some acknowledgement.
Thank goodness you guys went to the end of the universe and get this information for us!
You left out the gamma ray burst. 😂
Actually Rogers point is not just about why the entropy of the universe was so low at the beginning. His point is that there is a paradox that nearly all physicists fail to recognise; how come the spectrum of the CMB precisely matches that expected by an object at MAXIMUm entropy, when the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy can only rise? CCC is Roger's attempt to resolve this paradox by showing how max and min entropy can be equivalent.
Ohh...this is very thought provoking. Go up ^
@@DanteKG. it's worth watching Roger Penrose lecture on the subject - get it from the man himself!
I don't think Penrose is suggesting that max and min entropy are equivalent - he is after all subscribing to information loss in a black hole! In this sense, he says that entropy is 'transcended', and all of the gravitational degrees of freedom are 'liberated', and that in a new aeon, the entropy of gravity is at a precise minimum, allowing the entropy of the other quantum forces to be at a maximum.
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I love his lectures on CZcams, I think I've seen over a dozen of them! Do you think I have this idea correct? Each aeon truly starts at minimum entropy, and increases to a max at the end of black hole decay - this process eats the information in the massive particles, and thus eats their gravitational entropy... So the gravity entropy is reset every aeon, and the non-gravity entropy in a constant ebb-and-flow, generating particle mass and the arrow of time, each aeon.
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But to your point, my impression of the Weyl curvature hypothesis is that Penrose & Tod & more suggest that the heat death and the big bang (the moments of maximumest and minimumest entropy) are physically equivalent - they 'become' entropic equivalents in the new aeon's matter genesis, the liminal moment of transcendence where the universe starts another heartbeat or breath. I really try to wrap my head around the 'transcendence' of entropy so let me know what you think!
@@zzztopspin I don't there is any such distinction between entropy and gravitational entropy - there is just entropy.
My understanding of CCC is that there is no mass at both the big bang, and also at the end, after all the black holes have evaporated due to hawking radiation, all matter has decayed.
Without mass, there are no clocks, there is no time experienced by the massless particles, and so, without time, there is no measurement of distance and you can rescale the universe conformally.
Such that "big and cold" universe can be seen as "small and hot" as a new Aeon begins.
@@JC-zw9vs How do we know that massless particles don't experience time? Or that they even lack mass? Is it something theorized or actually proven?
We'll probably get the message "Err_Connection_Timed_Out" xD
I get lost in a lot of what you talk about.....but its very interesting and cool to listen to........
Great video
I want to ask what the ultimate beginning was then, but I already know the answer, "it's turtles all the way down..."
Maybe the entirety of the cycle is itself a conformal cycle, so the beginning of the very beginning is itself the same as the end of the very end, so there was never a true beginning and never will be a true end
Ouroboros, all the way.
Unless they complete the true pacifist run and get to do a "true reset" lol or....genocide run. If that's more your thing hahaha
@@jaredprather8060 makes sense for light as the beginning and end is the same thing.
In the CCC model, the universe is past and future eternal. It just keeps going through these eons over and over: when all the black holes and particles have decayed into photons, it’s the literal end of time, which is a physically equivalent state to the early hot Big Bang (the beginning of time), which starts a new eon.
Personally I feel that Penrose and Einstein's theories make the most sense also compatible with each other.
That's not a coincidence. Penrose makes it clear in his writing that he takes a very negative view of anything that is in conflict with GR. So anything theorized by Penrose will be compatible with Einstein.
czcams.com/video/i3NfYJS8MYo/video.html
czcams.com/video/i3NfYJS8MYo/video.html
Excellent.
I always keep watching these even though by a few minutes in I’m completely lost and forgot important bits mentioned earlier and feel stupid. So, perhaps I’m insane coming back all the time?
I just re-read Isaac Asimov's The Last Question a couple weeks ago. This gave me chills the idea is so close to that story.
I love it! ❤
I think the story was from Arthur C Clarke
@@wilvrolijk5834 It's definitely Asimov.
templatetraining.princeton.edu/sites/training/files/the_last_question_-_issac_asimov.pdf
OK, Google! Is there any way to reverse entropy in the universe?
@@wilvrolijk5834 You might be thinking of "The Nine Billion Names of God." That one was by Clarke.
"I'm about to give you the most outrageous hypothesis so far that may actually be right."
Me: Pause. "I'm gunna need some potato chips for this."
Potato chips 😉 right?! 💕
I can relate
Light Yagami returns.
nahhhhhhhhhh white cheddar popcorn
I remember watching a short movie called Infinite back in 2013. It was about an astronaut and companion robot in a space ship that stayed around for tons of Aeons. At the end the astronaut found a super advanced race of beings that took him in.
I'm happy people are getting an education in science but it is the way something like big bang is presented as straight up totally unconditionally absolute FACT. No couching or even "best theory we have" that burns me.
Time is infinitesimal but the universe is eternal.
"What Happens After the Universe Ends?"
Roll credits...?
In New York City, the Statue of Liberty contains a glass bowl at the base that displays a cartoon animation of the future. After thousands of years, the bowl has grown to the size of a small moon, containing the remains of an old civilization. Near the city's entrance is a statue of a young man gazing at a white rabbit. The animation appears to be a looping movie, with the rabbit spinning about its nest as the young man watches, thus representing the human relationship to natural laws. When the Earth is threatened with destruction, the image switches to a dark forest that leads to the city. A vase containing wine is topped by a sphere in the sky with a single bright star in the middle.
The Coffin meme guys come.
@@greytroll1632 Above the two stars is a garden in which, from a distance, humans can see. The spherical object is surrounded by a strange field that no earthly creatures can see through. And that field is being protected by a creature who only appears in the celestial spheres.
Flower's dream of a grand destruction is not realized. He disappears from the world he created when he was little. In the lucid dream, flowers come back. In them are a strong compulsion for Flower to participate in destruction and wish for that destruction to come true.
lobster mobster what you talking bout mate?
@@Mononoken In his own wake, the strongest remnants of Flower disappear and disappear into flower petals. His dream world becomes fragmented, far removed from the dream world from his previous life. Those memories of his past life become fragments that often get detached, from memory of the original. Dream branches from the main thread of Flower's nightmares and drift apart, left to their own in a maze in his dreams, where Flower never remembers being Flower. Although Flower does not seem to remember the dreams he has in his lucid dreams, he does occasionally believe himself to be the girl who committed suicide.
In his dreams, Flowers does not remember world as much as he does remembering his life in The Wild.
It will end with a tribute to the publisher followed by a bloopers reel.
I'm sure somehow an ad for Skill Share will manage to make its way in there, it does with everything else
2020 will make that reel, I presume
This is way too exciting. I can't sleep to this.
Greatest video with mathematical explanation
Just hope we do not see....
"Goodbye and thanks for all the fish."
Written in the sky
Oh
I seem to be having difficulty with my lifestyle.
There won’t be a sky
the dolphins strike back
That was only at the end of the world. At the end of the universe there is milliways
that is seriously the craziest theory i have ever heard. this penrose guy is so imaginative. why havent more people heard of CCC?
That is the most original sale pitch I've ever heard!
In essence:
Support me in this life. I will make you immortal in the next!
The key to the universe is suspended animation, I believe it is possible, even Gases ! I believe right before the big bang it was ,so it will be again.you got to love it
This is by far the most mind-bending episode in this series yet.
Matt: Light does not experience the flow of time
My brain : AHHHHH
Can't wait for the IEEE 802.NaN protocol for implementing networks over aeons
I've actually considered the idea of gravity wave communication, using the manipulation of black holes. It would be fantastically difficult to do, though, so I didn't give it a lot of thought.
When the universe ends, you'll play your preferred instrument around a camp fire and snack on marshmallows with your friends.
How long? For eternity? ...SUCKS!
This sounds great. I don't have friends and my favorite instrument is the female body.
I'm fine with that as long as there are no dogs.