How does a nucleus eject an electron during beta radiation? Beta particles and neutrinos explained.
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- čas přidán 10. 07. 2024
- Ken wants to know how it is possible for an electron to come out of the nucleus of an atom during beta radiation. After all, aren't an atom's electrons located in the electron cloud? Professor Davis explains.
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I searched alot to get the answer of that electron emit during beta decay but now I got answer... Thanks bro for this
your explanation is much better than a lot of other vides I found
You have the best explanation of beta decay. I’ve been searching for two weeks. Make more!
This was a comment explaining it on Khan Academy:
A neutron is not composed of a proton and an electron. Similarly, a proton is not composed of a neutron and a positron.
Neutrons and protons are composed of particles called quarks, which come in different flavors. A neutron is made of one up quark and two down quarks. A proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark. During beta-minus decay, a down quark changes into an up quark, turning the neutron into a proton. (The opposite happens in beta-plus decay.)
This process is a result of the weak force. The weak force is mediated by particles called bosons. A down quark changes into an up quark through the emission of a weak boson. That boson then decays into an electron and an antineutrino, which are emitted from the nucleus. A similar process occurs during beta-plus decay.
As for the mass difference, this is related to energy. The higher energy state a system is in, the more massive it is. For example, a free neutron is unstable. It beta-minus decays into a proton (a H-1 nucleus). Energy is released during the decay. If you were to compare the mass of the parent neutron to the combined mass of the daughter proton, the beta particle, and the antineutrino, there would be a small difference in the mass. That difference in mass corresponds to the energy released during the decay by E=mc^2.
The free proton is stable, so it does not decay back into a neutron by beta-plus decay. However, some nuclei contain a certain number of protons and neutrons bound together that would be more stable if a proton became neutron. Those are the cases when beta-plus decay occurs. Again, there is a small decrease in mass from the parent nucleus to the decay products corresponding to the energy released.
I am here just for curiosity, i was never a good student. But with this guy teaching its simply a pleasure to learn. Thanks!
Thanks for the kind words! I hope you enjoyed not only this video, but the rest of my channel, too!
@@ChemSurvival Yes i did!
this is short version of my previous comment regarding khan Academy comment:
During beta-minus decay, a down quark changes into an up quark, turning the neutron into a proton. (The opposite happens in beta-plus decay.)
This process is a result of the weak force. The weak force is mediated by particles called bosons. A down quark changes into an up quark through the emission of a weak boson. That boson then decays into an electron and an antineutrino, which are emitted from the nucleus. A similar process occurs during beta-plus decay.
This makes so much sense, im so mad why my teacher didn't teach me this! It makes understanding the beta decay so much easier and much more logical.
Took me awhile to figure that one to
Thank you so much I've been wondering this for a while but no other video talked about this!
Glad you like the video! Don't forget to share and subscribe. New videos are coming this summer
Sir. In 8 minutes you literally saved my semester. Thanks
Glad to be of service 🤗
Great video! Thanks for the concise and clear answer
thanks! fast and clear! I appreciate it :)
I had the same question..Really helpful
Thank you 😊 Sir for leading me to a first 🥇 position in assiment sice I watch this video 😅
Thank you! This vid helped a lot :)
Any chances of a video on Higgs-Boson/God-particle?
Thank you
if beta particle is electron then why don't it stays in the nucleus due to electrostatic attraction force of proton
So in conclusion, the electron doesn't come from the existing cloud, nor does it come from another place within the nucleus, as if it's stored there, but instead an electron is actually created as a new electron and shot out of the nucleus during the process of converting the proton/nutron?
Yah, exactly
By means of ‘Quantum Tunneling’ too I suspect
Its brilliant ...thank u sir
Glad you liked the video!
It's an energy and charge thing I get that but I need to under stand why the anti neutrino
can you help explain what are the smells associated with brewing alcohol? what are their properties? specifically, why is it so hard to remove smells from the azeotropic ethanol i have created? cheers. i love your videos
Have you tried refluxing it with active carbon?
better buy your alcohol at the shop and concentrate on opioid synthesis cause you can't really trust the shit on the black market
sir please tell me how positron emit from nucleus ..
Exactly the same way as was described in the video. The only difference would be instead of a neutron converting to a proton, a proton would convert to a neutron.
Neutron -> Proton = electron emission(beta- decay)
Proton -> Neutron = positron emission (beta+ decay)
sir please make a video how positron emit from nucleus
something i never really see explained are the mechanics of HOW this happens. maybe we just don't know. does this mean a down quark ALWAYS has this neutrino and electron "inside" it somehow? What are the mechanics of releasing this, or 'converting' the energy to these particles? There are other similar issues with other decays. Can it be said that technically all particles really are just different configurations of photos, neutrinos, and electrons, and when assembled in a certain way resemble these other things we call protons and neutrons, etc? Is it the quarks/gluons that facilitate this release? Or some other principle? I think the more we tend to discover, the more we realize we don't know.
Is there any relationship between Beta Radiation and ‘Pair Production’? as in can a a gamma ray photon change a down quark to an up quark? Also if mass is ‘lost’ during the transition from neutron to proton how does an element get ‘Heavier’? Say from the production of P239 from U238-U239-Np239 to Pu239??
Not sure I'm the most qualified to answer your first question. As for your second question, production of heavy elements like plutonium involves first a neutron capture which significantly increases the mass of the nucleus, after which transmutation happens by the beta radiation process which is in much smaller mass lost, for a net gain in the overall process
@@ChemSurvival The neutron capture only happens when U238 is turned into U239 (U238=92 protons + 146 neutrons .. U238 then ‘captures’ a neutron that converts it to U239, does it not??) That in turn decays via Beta to Np239 = 93 protons + 146 neutrons and an ejected electron hence ‘beta radiation’. Beta decay is then repeated to 94 protons + 145 neutrons = Pu239, Pu239 decays via alpha down to U235 .. is that correct??
@@Sauron191 that looks about right. Keeping in mind that plutonium-239 is also fissile and so it can break down in other ways besides just the alpha radiation ( although I imagine the alpha decay is the most prominent... This could Bev easily confined on Brookhaven's NuDat website).
The new proton means a new element and the demand for a new electron to balance the new proton. How does this unfold?
Electrons are flying all about during these kind of processes. In fact you may have heard of the electromagnetic pulse or EMP that results during a nuclear detonation in which many many disintegrations and radiation events are taking placepractically all at once. This pulse is largely the result of electrons trying to find a home and as they move through space. Their moving charge generates magnetic flux on that scale. On the scale of something more mild like the slow nuclear decay of uranium 235 or thorium 232 you might not even notice such an effect but the electrons are still out looking for a home and charge balance always rules the day.
@@ChemSurvival What happens to the electrons left out? Do they hang around waiting for an opportunity to join an atom in the future?
Hello friends, I have a interesting question but I can't find answer
My question is ---- Radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon then how beta particle (electron) emitted? When nucleus has no electron.
Please answer me..😊😊
um... that is exactly the question that the video answers, isn't it?