Erythrai Ancient City, Famous for the Red Star of Ionia and Sibyllas, Female Oracles - with Eng Sub

The name is thought to be derived from the Greek word Erythros, meaning 'red'. One of the assumptions is that the city was given this name because of the color of its soil. Another assumption is that the city took its name from Erythro, the son of its founder, the Cretan Rhadamanthes. Or maybe the city was given this name because of both situations.
The name of Erythrai, one of the 12 Ionian cities in ancient times, is frequently mentioned in sources.
Herodotus mentions Erythrai in 3 places. However, these references are short and devoid of content. Herodotus first mentions that Miletus took the side of Chios in the war with the city of Chios (Chios) during the time of Erythrai. The second mention is when the 12 Ionian cities are listed. Here Herodotus states that the Chiosians and the Erythraians spoke the same language. Finally, it is reported that the Erythraians joined an army prepared against the Persians with 8 ships.
The first thing you encounter is a Heroon right next to the road. It can be guessed that it was a decorated building by looking at the beginning of the building, of which only the podium section and a few rows of the wall have survived to the present day. The groove that provides the passage from the podium to the walls and gives a plastic effect to the structure can still be read on all of one of the long sides and most of the other. Although there is no clue to whom Heroon, which consists of two interconnected spaces, was dedicated, it may have been dedicated to Erythros, the founder of the city, or to Heracles, who was obviously important for the city and is featured on some of its coins.
You can reach the Agora area by walking through the narrow path next to Heroon. There is no trace of a building visible to the naked eye in the Agora, which is a very wide plain. It is also thought that there was a commercial agora on the port side.
The ancient theater with its steep steps on the side of the Agora welcomes its visitors. Although the building, which is one of the earliest theaters in Anatolia, has not survived to the present day in a very good condition, the power and population of the city can be understood from its size. The theater faces north, as Vitruvius advised. According to Vitruvius, it is not right to direct a theater towards the south, because the sun will enter the eyes of the audience and the hot air trapped inside will dry out the moisture in the body, which will be unhealthy.
The temple, located on the top of the slope where the theater is located, that is, on the acropolis, was first built in the second half of the 8th century BC, according to the features shown by the polygonal masonry, but was expanded with different additions in the 7th and 6th centuries. It is considered an important example of Archaic Age architecture with the wall technique used and the ramp located in the interior. Terracotta goddess figures form a dense group among the rich materials unearthed from the excavations in the eastern part of the temple. Another important find found near the temple and among the rare examples of the archaeological world is the Korean statue dating back to the 6th century BC, currently in the Izmir History and Art Museum. Kore means young female nun in a long dress.
In the 6th century BC, like all Anatolian city states, Erythrai came under Persian rule. However, the city used its strategic location to become an important member of the Attica-Delos Maritime Union in the 5th century BC. Erythrai was the city that paid the most taxes to this union among the Ionian states. This reveals the power of Erythrai at that time.
Unable to withstand the increasing Persian pressure, the city joined the resistance with other Ionian cities. The independence of the city was gained in 334 BC with the support of Alexander the Great. According to records, Alexander the Great passed through Erythrai during the Asian Campaign and provided financial support for the completion of the city's theater and walls. As a result of the chaos that started with the death of Alexander, Erythrai passed to the Kingdom of Pergamon. The city received 'free city' status in 133 BC.
During the Roman period, Erythrai was revered as the birthplace of the concept of Sibylla (seer woman). It was especially governed by Roman rulers. However, the city, shaken by wars, plunder and earthquakes, lost its importance towards the end of the Eastern Roman rule.
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