Absolute Cold | Space Time
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- Äas pĆidĂĄn 10. 09. 2024
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Alfred Leitner's Superfluid Liquid Helium:
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Many experimental physicists have spent their careers trying to cool things to absolute zero. This state of absolute cold is the zero-point on the Kelvin temperature scale, corresponding to -273.15 Celsius. Using lasers and magnetic fields, weâve now managed to cool certain substances to less than a billionth of a Kelvin. Doing so has revealed some bizarre quantum states of matter. But quantum mechanics may also prevent us from ever reaching absolute zero. Understanding the limit to cold will lead us to an understanding of the nature of the quantum vacuum itself.
Written and Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
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No matter how cold you can make something, a northerner will be there to tell you that you don't know what _real_ cold is like.
Does anyone else find it really rad that the coldest temperatures in the observable universe are here on earth, in labs?
were else in the universe can
scientists study cold temp?
@@ReyZar666 your ex's heart đ lame I know but fits the situation
Unless aliens are doing the same experiments elsewhere
@@ReyZar666 the boomerang Galaxy has insanely cool temperatures, and it's still not as cold as here on Earth.
yep. Nature simply doesn't allow for 0K. Just using Boyle's law, you'd need a volume of zero
This channel inspired me to pursue a MS in Astrophysics. I didn't even realize I was interested in it before. Thanks, guys!
Ahhh then you are gonna regret đ
Bruh.
Update broo
rip
Brain exploded
7:47 "This week we hit the crazy milestone of one million subscribers" and then shows the number one billion. Ha ha, yeah ok Dr Evil.
and now its 2 trillion
I imagine this show must be such a prize to those who actually do hard work on mathematical side of things discussed here. We love you very much.
"What are you studying?"
"nothing"
"wow dude , that's freaking hard !"
It's hard very hard to grasp nothing.
It's so difficult that they don't teach it in schools!
This is what Buddhists study.
5:02 quantum mechanics forbids this :D
No lie. one semester long class I had to take in engineering was a grueling period working on nothing but zero. Who knew!? -1 | 0 | +1. There's a LOT of play withing those boundaries, like, infinite play!
8:01 That's a billion on the screen.
Kinda ironic.
Yeah I noticed that too. Glad Iâm not the only one that noticed
Every PBS subscriber counts as a thousand regular ones.
Iâm glad you noticed because I was going to comment that but I am far too busy
@@robertspiess9859 Lol but you commented on that comment, not too busy for that?
this episode is one of my favorite in the series. he kept it very clear, clean and matter of fact. perfect level for people with an interest, but not scientists. not easy to do with a topic like absolute zero!
"we never knew we had a smart courious folk out there"
Smart? we barely understand %40 of what you teach, but we try our best. Thats something right
Correction: barely 90% of us barely understand 40%.
Unsure if this is 100% correct. We were taught temperature is a quantum mechanical phenomena. I believe it is an energy measure, but it is a quantum energy state, not something directly translatable (like lattice vibrations), though there may be correlations. I would like to know if this is correct or not by someone-who-knows-more-than-me.
[This topic came up in a materials science thermodynamics class because I believed in the temperature = vibrational energy, at which point i was shot down by my professor in front of the entire class]
@@xuare6931 i was taught that temperature is the measurement of particle activity in a given item. This idea is victim to the Planck Length, as it measures the movement of particles. Absolute zero would mean no movement at all, a distance smaller than the Planck Length is traveled. I wasn't taught about most of the topics in the video, only about the Planck Length idea. It makes sense but it's most likely far from the right answer
40% might be a bit optimistic, I turned the subtitles on because I wasn't even sure he was speaking English...
Kudos for the graphical reference to Halo plasma sword at @1:44!
I absolutely love how you always end the shows with "spacetime"
Wrong lol. Correction, last word was 'corrected'
Youve never been to Scotland, have you?
Sometimes its so cold here, reality breaks down. When it gets to 0â°K, we consider putting on a jumper.
The Big Yin once said that Scottish people are so pale they're blue
@@yuccatree4298 And he was bang on XD
I remember once in Canada we were all happy because after 10 days because the temperature got UP to 60 below zero.
@@kenk8335 XD
@@ihateevilbill nice hyperbole/exaggeration!
I chill everyday but still have not reached absolute 0 motion.
IceTom87 lol
Profound.
lol You're not slothful enough.
Because the earth is moving around the sun, the sun is moving around the supermassive black hole, and the galaxy is moving around the universe
"Smart curious folk out there..." Think I fall in to the *curious* category đ
How much of this video did I understand?
*ABSOLUTE ZERO*
bruh its not that hard to understand
Aiden Gary neither is the joke.. whooooooooooooshhhhhhhh
"it's impossible to reach absolute zero zero-point"
What did i learn from the video?
Nothing!
Really? I understood everything.
I think u meant u understood -273.15 c đ€Łđ€Łđ€Ł
7:50
1,000,000,000 is one billion.. am I missing out on a joke?
nope
I see that your using the British Billion, Good Job my country man!
the comment is using the more standard representation...
and doesnt the british go "million milliard billion billiard..."? then the number they mistyped (is this a word?) in the vdeo would be one milliard (im not british, im going off of numberphile's video)
I'm American and I don't know what you mean. đ
Britain has officially used the short count system since 1974.
7:54 they wrote 1000000000 instead of 1000000
For cosmology that is within error margins. :-)
Hey- at least they can say "We accidentally were 2 * PewDiePie * 10^1 for a moment." :D
They should have used scientific notation
One BILLION subscribers!
inflation theory in action
Thank you Matt OâDowd. The fact that you could make this so clear and interesting to a mathematically and scientifically. challenged senior like me is a true feat. Fantastic!
1:43 Best graphic for plasma ever!
Is that halo or mass effect reference they look similar
@@clayponder4423 Halo
Oh the memories
5:25 the result of low level of excitation, is like my mind when I get bored.
You displayed 1 billion, not 1 million. Ya see? This is exactly how space shuttles and satellites crash. We might need to shut things down and have an investigation, possibly elect a commission.
So tell me is 10^6 or 10^9 an imperial measure ?
I spotted that did a very quick double-take. Glad I'm not the only person.
Kevin Harris Well if they can't get this right how can we trust them for stuff that actually matters??????
This is Physics, in the grand scheme there is very little difference between the two.
Dukky Drake lol this is physics...adjust gravity by a factor of 1000 and see if it matters in the grand scale
I wish this channel had one billion subs. I would be more confident in humanity that it wouldn't destroy itself!
2,84m subscribers in February 2023. Kind of nice.
So long as Humanity has enough people to generate 1 billion subscriptions, it has enough people to destroy itself. No more than 500 million can be sustained indefinitely, assuming the minimum quality of life and rate of technological advancement.
1:50 Me trying to go to sleep vs. me trying to wake up
Imagine yourself floating through the universe through the vast empty space between the galaxies. That always calms me right the puck down.
Raj Singh did someone mention hockey?
@@RajSingh-qc6lq That gives me anxiety lol
Never knew you wrote 1 million with 9 zeros, PBS. Learning something new everyday!
This is a great CZcams channel. One thing I found interesting is the temperature scale. Absolute zero isnât that far away from say 20 degrees Celsius, whereas when we look at say quantum positions, they are mind boggling small as compared to everyday dimensions, or space which is almost incomprehensibly large.
This gave me the shivers.
Do you know around 500 other users on CZcams have your identical username and advitar?
New Message pun
No, you di int!
You have absolutely zero reasons to worry.
Chill out
âtrue absolute zero is impossibleâ?
Have you ever _been_ in campus accommodation?
You must have lived a really sheltered life so far if that is the worst you can come up with.
Tjuhr Issa joke
Not You, your insanity is showing again. Why not do the job right this time. Do everyone a solid.
Irish People make Feynman Diagrams for the first time!
Oh wait... wrong channel.
Man this audience is certainly giving you the cold shoulder... đđ
I wrote a paper in college on the mereological implications of the fact that 1 He4 nucleus is a boson, even though the 2 protons and 2 neutrons that make it up are fermions. I couldn't do the math for Quantum II class and I switched to the philosophy major, but I still wanted to understand the physics that had implications for that philosophy so I convinced my professor to let me write a philosophy paper about a topic in our Quantum II class as part of a pass-fail alternative grading scheme.
My conclusion was that the composition of an object depends on your perspective. Is a He4 nucleus a single boson or 4 fermions? If you ask it that way, the nature of the question indicates that the closer analysis of 4 fermions more accurately answers the question. But if you are asking about the strange macroscopic quantum nature of liquid helium, then the appripriate answer is that it is a single boson. Both are correct, they just answer different questions.
The key to understanding why a He-4 nucleus behaves as a boson is to understand the energy scales involved in typical processes.
Let's think, for example, about the hydrogen atom, a proton plus an electron. The difference in energies between the ground state and the first excited state is approximately 10 eV. You can now ask how hot a hydrogen gas would have to be so that an appreciable fraction of the particles, say, about a third, were in the first excited state. For simplicity you can pretend that hydrogen atoms don't bond together into molecules. The answer is just 10 eV / boltzmann's constant, which is about 120,000 kelvin. This is 20 times hotter than the surface of the sun! It's pretty safe to say that the vast majority of hydrogen atoms you've ever seen were in their ground state.
This is important because you only get to even notice that the atom has some internal structure if you're able to excite its components somehow. Yet at room temperature you can barely even tell that _electrons_ exist!
Now if you think of the atomic nucleus as being a mini-atom made up of protons and neutrons held together by the strong nuclear force, you can estimate the typical energy that you need in order to see the internal structure of a nucleus. If atomic energies are typically measured in electron-volts, _nuclear_ energies are measured in _mega_ electron volts. That's right, nuclear energies are a million times higher than atomic energies. Correspondingly, you'd have to go to a temperatures close to one trillion kelvin in order to see a decent fraction of nuclei in their excited state.
So the answer to your question is: unless you're thinking of a process that occurs at mind-bogglingly large temperatures, or you have access to extremely high energies with which you'll probe the nucleus, treating it as a featureless object is an excellent approximation. That's why when doing experiments close to absolute zero it's appropriate to treat the helium atoms as if they were bosons. Any process that could reveal the internal structure of the atom and "prove you wrong" is simply mind-bogglingly unlikely at such low temperatures.
Best you took the Quantum II class if you really want to understand how it works.
actually i'm improving. The Halo reference on this video got me to 1%
I like how you didn't even bother with Fahrenheit when you converted 0 Kelvin to Celcius.
@Justin batchelar what makes the metric system not convenient?
@Justin batchelar it looks like you're the elitist here
@Justin batchelar deny all you want, your language demonstrates your elitism
@Justin batchelar what is wrong with you?
@Justin batchelar I'm from New Zealand
Contratz on 1 billion subs! ;)
Wrong year, mate. Looks like you need to recalibrate the time machine. :P
1 billion millisubs
Feynstein 100 i think that's a joke about the mistake they did at 7:50
+a lonely spoon Ah okay
When they hit 10 billion, they should send us ALL t-shirts.
Congratulations on being the top CZcams channel, with 1 billion subscribers!!
The subscribers to this channel are 1,000x more awesome than other subscribers, so he counts us as 1,000 people each. It's just a different math equation than what we're used to, but I consulted my calculator. It checks out.
Hi guys, congratulations on 1 million subscribers. I am glad you guys are looking ahead as far as you did, using your 1 billion sign already at 8.01 :)
His speech works better than sleeping pills, usually I listen to him before going to sleep, I'll go for 15 miniutes videos, but often after five minutes I'm zzz đŽ
In my circles I'm known as the "smart guy"... people ask, how did you get to be so smart. My answer is always, by listening to people smarter than me...and if only everyone did that the world would be a better place. Thank you, PBS.
That intro makes me feel so much better.
Kai Widman me too. I live in Canada and where I'm from, it can get down to 253 k. Yikes!
It made me turn on the electric blanket. lol
I'd love to hear how scientists actually use lasers to cool things to such a low level, because it actually seems counterintuitive đČ đ€Ł
My mother called me an absolute zero when i was young.
my mom still calls me that, to this age
I've seen you somewhere else before. Interesting.
Probably in a tech, science or political channel.
I doubt it tho, since we don't have subscribed channels in common.
Well your mom is a damn liar ! Show how this video to the judge !
Great lead up to the next installment. Can't wait.
I love to study as the more I do I realise how much more before I can say I have knowledge but still need to understand more as I know so little. Compassion, mercy, wisdom helps us to understand each other's values as each may have a point. Sleep well awake refreshed to a world of wonder in all it's aspects.
This video perfectly explains Drax's invisibility.....
Who is this Planck guy? Sounds like a real minimalist.
Am I the only one who thought of Stargate Atlantis and the ZPMs when he said Zero Point Energy?
YES! That's the first thing I thought of too. Rodney and his "Zed P M"s. XD
Heisenberg uncertainity principal:-
It is impossible to determine the exact position and momentum at the same time for an electron.
But in the video u guys have mentioned that it applies for all particles but it is not for particles. It is only for a part of atom which is electrons.
We used to stick our bongs in the freezer to get them as cold as possible then take them out and fill them with ice water and the hits were so smooth and huge! Those were the days.
Holy shit they just referenced halo
TheBanjoShow Had to rewind to double check but yep, plasma blade sighting confirmed!
Energy Sword* Though all the alien tech in the game is plasma based.
They do from time to tine, check out their episode about artificial gravity :)
TheBanjoShow fycvf
Theres an episode with like 4 firefly references in it too
I love this series!!!
Is there an absolute maximum temperature? One in which the vibration of the molecules approaches the speed of light? Seems like there should be... something like 1.4*10^32K (so... pretty hot). What happens (theoretically, I suppose) when molecules begin caring about he relativistic effects of their neighbors?
Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy rather then relative speed so the speed of light itself wouldn't be a limiting factor here. However 1.4*10^32K is indeed where our ability to measure temperature breaks down because the black body radiation would drop below the planck length (ie the smallest measurable unit of distance). Apparently figuring out a theory quantum gravity will solve this problem, but we haven't figured out a theory of quantum gravity so we are kind of stuck.
Temperature is all about K.E not relativistic speed even when a particle reaches speed of light u can give it K.E and so temperature can keep increasing. My point of viewđ
kinetic energy is simply 1/2*mass*velocity^2. You can't increase the velocity of a particle ad infinitum. And my understanding is that it's not strictly true that "things become more massive as they move faster". So I don't think you can increase kinetic energy forever (I could definitely be wrong on this, however).
Jeff Hall K.E=1/2 mv^2 ... u cant exceed v more than c .. but as u approach to c mass will increase . Still there may be a upper limit of temperature . We cant find experimentally but we can calculate using math. Not sure
Jeff Hall correct me if I am wrong but I am fairly sure that when enough heat is present it can create new particles, possibly a black hole, or if there is enough heat someting similar to a new big bang. Please don't quote me on this because I am not 100% sure. I would do some more research.
Holy crap! I understood an entire episode of PBS Spacetime. Up is down. Light is dark. Left is right. This is the end.
In my physics class i am absent but always present in this PBS SPACE TIME but this day class is i think thermodynamics but special is 'about on states of matter and heat,space, time,particles every thing is touch pinch of subject but now i am full happy about subject gaining in this chanel thank 's for this guy
Congrats on 1 billion subscribers! Almost canât believe it đ
Dumdadum76 it's one million subscribers not billion dude
Mr. Perfect, you making a joke, or you actually blind to the joke of pointing out the failure of the show in displaying a numeric value which stands for one billion, but having the host claim it means one million?
Mr. Perfect they showed 1 billion at the end if you count the digits
The expanding universe means it's temperature is dropping... is there a point in the future when it will use up it's energy and drop to a zero point that could mean it starts contacting or quantum activity leads to a restart to a recycling big bang?
No, current theories suggest that either the universe will slightly be above absolute zero, or energy, matter, space, and time will become meaningless, as all matter, including quarks, decays into nothing.
Heat death of the universe, innit?
Thank you for these videos I feel like sometimes they are the only thing keeping me from going insane from the monotony of everyday life.
I really like that you answer questions that were posted on previous videos. Really sets this channel apart.
Im trying to design a low noise preamp for audio gear and this is the ultimate slap in the face: the universe itself has a noise floor
I thought this video was about my ex's heart...
Y X O D I Î nice one
Ouch !
Typical comment in absolute cold/zero videos đ€Łđ€Ł
That was a good one
Zero-Point energy? Like from the Incredibles?
Ethanol 314 thatâs what I thought! âPretty cool huh? Ya I invented it myself.â
I was thinking of the Zero point modules (ZPM) from Stargate atlantis
You caught that too???
Watching that when I was younger, I thought it was just a fancy science throw away term Syndrome used.
come to find out, he perfected the use of Absolute Zero.
The dude was a genius.....but that *IS* fucking genius!
It's odd to have a new found respect for his character of all characters.
If a particle were to reach absolute zero, wouldn't that particle cease to exist in the absence of energy?
Cory Lang yes it would, but the question is that whether or not we can reach absolute zero in the absence of any matter, then there will be absolute emptiness, bcoz acc. To qft, no vibrations mean no particles and that means no matter...
Temperature relates to kinetic (Movement) energy; for massless particles like photons they cannot exist at absolute zero. But massive ones like electrons can; they just wouldn't move.
That depends. Some particles, such as electrons, have their numbers preserved by a conservation law. You can't get rid of an electron, no matter how cold you make its environment, because the number of electrons is conserved. If you want to destroy it, you have to find a positron to annihilate it with.
In contrast, if you cool down a gas of photons, then yes, the number of photons goes steadily down.
1M! You know what? Your content is amazing. And one thing, person, or persons not to forget to give credit to, are the animators. They are BRILLIANT! So kudos to you, Space Time animators, you rock!
the Cold bares so many secrets we cant comprehend, one day i will prove it
Like stopping atom spins and respinning just make sure not to blow ya lab up with pure energy while turning it into pure energy
đ
Even though I like this channel a lot, I think this episode contains a misconception. If your system is in the ground state, the temperature is zero. Temperature is not a measure of kinetic energy (except for the high energies), but rather a measure of how a system is "smeared" over different energy states (Botzman distribution). If temperature was a measure of kinetic energy of individual particles, metals would be extremely hot, since due to Pauli exclusion principle, kinetic energy of electrons in metals corresponds to temperatures of about 10000K
I think you have started with the incorrect postulate: "if you system is in the ground state, the temperature is zero". In fact, temperature *is* a measurement of the (average) kinetic energy of atoms/molecules in a given system. What Matt O'Dowd is saying is that the quantum fluctuations guarantee there will always be some very small energy inherent to the system. The Gibbs 'free energy' law, if I'm not mistaken, has more to do with how much work can be done from a given heat transfer without change in pressure/volume and does not concern itself with energy that cannot be used for said work. To the last point, we don't measure the temperature of individual particles, we measure their collective average in a system.
I'm not sure how the Pauli Exclusion Principle applies here because that has to do with electrons only being allowed to occupy certain states in an atom/molecule, but it sounds like you've happened on some equation that relates to its energy. I'm curious to know where you got that from.
Ah, sorry for the Gibbs law. I really meant Boltzman distribution. Boltzman distribution gives you the probability of a system to be in a state with energy E at some temperature T: p=e^{-E/kT}/Z, where Z is a normalization factor (so all probabilities add up to one). As temperature goes to 0, the state with lowest energy will become infinitely more probable than other states. I want to point out there is no kinetic energy mentioned in this definition. At sufficiently high temperatures, yes, Boltzman distribution will give you that temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy. But for different systems "sufficiently high" can be very different. In metals it is above 10000K, so the intuition with kinetic energy never applies.
I would refer to the free electron model on wikipedia, Fermi energy section. In short, the idea is the following: There are so many electrons in metals, that all "low kinetic energy states" are occupied, and electrons have to occupy states with high kinetic energies, which are of the order of 1eV ~ 10000K
We ain't talkin topology boi.
Yeah, this was a conceptual error. At T=0 the system is in its ground state, and whatever value the energy happens to have at the ground state is immaterial. You can shift it around by convention anyway.
So question...why don't I feel the heat of a piece of steel at room temperature?
You heard it from him guys... WINTER IS COMING!
winter is gone. only lasted about 4 episodes.
Is it just me or the more I study quantum physics the more particles feel alive...
Yo! I considered this. If particles are "alive" then that would explain us and the brain to some extent. Get a sufficiently complex cluster of particles together and boom - sentience.
These sentient particles constantly annihilate w anti particles as they steal energy from the fields trying to pop into our dimension...an inter dimensional element plays a part it's the only way anti and dark energy inflation and other such events along w string theory that shapes that assumption. I believe the possibility for that limitless energy is there to be found one day. The fields must end outside our universe or rather would blend w other fields thus the big bang may have came from an interaction of unknown physics that doesn't even exist now. Also singularities and black holes prove space time will bend and compress bc of matter but such stretching on that scale goes beyond particles it's the fabric itself hense fields of the time.
You guys are intuitive to be sure. Research the work of Pribram and Bohm, check out the Holographic theory. Among the implicate order, subatomic particles are alive, at least according to the theory. But between you and me, they were correct. The standard model continues to leave unavoidable gaps, the Holographic theory dominates and provides a better theoretical vantage point.
I understood the bit about stuff being really cold and that was about it. I feel smart now.
I love how much and how hard he tried not to talk about thermodynamics
When you say "a substance can have any temperature above absolute zero" (1:58), I keep coming back to that problem where the hotter something gets the higher frequent light it emits. So what happens when the frequency of that light would hit the Planck length?
You would hit planck temperature! Or pretty much absolute heat. Trippy stuff
what PROGRAMME do they use to animate all this stuff o.O
amazing...
You wrote one billion subscribers đ
PBS Spacetime producers love audio compression more than anything.
1:43 I LOVE THE HALO ENERGY SWORD REFERENCE!
Is there such thing as Absolute Heat, aka the hottest theoretical temperature, where massive particles would have so much kinetic energy that they would move around at the speed of light (well get asymptotically close to the speed of light)?
It's called planck temperature physics appears to not allow you to get hotter. If you poured more energy in at that temp nobody knows what would happen. Possibly a Kugelblitz
www.straightdope.com/columns/read/807/what-is-the-opposite-of-absolute-zero
Theoretically a black hole would be formed if you through enough energy into one place.
freedom1996 Something with a negative temperature if I remember correctly.
I've heard a minute physics video on the topic, it was about negative to zero absolute.
3:21 and I thought one Koopa was bad enough...
I'm so covered in Dorito crumbs right now
Its fascinating that Zero is a concept yet to be proven in the physical world, as well as infinity; both are singularities and we are trying to prove them by using both for our calculations.
"exploring the Quantum nature of Nothing" is one of the coolest phrases I've ever heard.
Would be awesome if you could have Lawrence Krauss as a guest on the show.
Nobody knows more about nothing than Lawrence Krauss.
he should have stayed at case western
I've become a big fan of Sean Carroll, you should check him out.
Jerry Seinfeld would. He had a TV series for years that was about nothing.
1:43 AN ENERGY SWORD HAHAHA đ
Sorry but you can't beat entropy. Oh quantum flux huh? Well then, bring in the quantum vacuum decay!
The million subscriber announcement graphic shows a billion subscribers.
I can't help but admit the fact that you used Halo's energy sword to represent the plasma
Why was I given this video,when all I wanted was to fix my air conditioner ?
Q. If we are indeed inside a virtual reality universe, do you think we may cause it to crash if we keep pushing the boundaries of the programming?
nope
Steven Nodlehs I'm on to it
maybe quanten fluctuations are a limit set by the programmers to prohibit infinity precise measurements to save on memory and processing resources.
Maybe - Or just maybe, God has to make up the next layer of unknown math and science every time we have another breakthrough? He's trying to get some kip when there's a knock on the door and some poor angel has to tell him that we've stuck another space telescope up there and have now f'd -up his whole routine.
Whatever the truth is - I think i may well be beyond our learning limits - or at least what we can discover before a CME takes us back to the stone age again.
Que? Im just in seventh grade but love physics?
GaMEr LIVES lmao perfect reaction of a 12 year old.
GaMEr LIVES One of my favorite things about watching videos or channels I don't understand right then and there is when I return to an old video years later and finally comprehend the stuff that previously blew over my head.
I had this experience with numberphile since I started watching the channel around 7th and 8th grade.
Things can only get so cold before they can't get colder basically. Congrats on finding a great channel for explaining this stuff. It'll take a while to understand any of it, especially the Quantum Mechanical aspects, so don't worry if it doesn't make much sense. Once you get through some chemistry, a decent chunk of this will start to make more sense.
Glad to see curious young minds looking into some of these crazy topics!
Me too Iâm in 7th grade but I love quantum physics and regular physics
There should be a video on the different definitions of temperature. Some definitions use kinetic energy while others seem to involve entropy. I remember learning about negative-kelvin temperatures with respect to lasers and how any negative-temperature object is hotter than a positive-temperature one.
What's really cool is when a particle drops to absolute zero it jumps up to the speed of light. Like absolute zero and the speed of light or the 2 extremes of energy level are the exact same level which is insane.
Can you freeze helium if pressurized?
+Man from Nantucket
Yes you can, here's the state diagram:
ltl.tkk.fi/research/theory/Phasehe3log.gif
yes
Man from Nantucket Yes, at 20 times the atm.
There is an absolute zero temperature, but what is the absolute maximum (if there is one)?
Actually we think there is a maximum temperature, called the Planck Temperature.
The higher the temperature of a body, the shorter the wavelength of the emitted black body radiation will be. At one point (about 10^32 K), the wavelength is as small as the Planck length (~10^-35 m), which is the smallest distance 'allowed' in our universe.
However, this is where our current models break down.
www.straightdope.com/columns/read/807/what-is-the-opposite-of-absolute-zero
Very informative article, Paul Gardner. Thanks!
There is a vsauce video on this topic: how hot can it get check it out :)
Technically, yes. At least by the standard definition for temperature. But nothing stops you from pumping more energy into a system of such temperature. It's just we're not quite sure what will happen.
It looks like to me, that your video is quite misleading. You make assumption, that the temperature is somehow proportional to energy, but it is only correct in some special cases! But the temperature depends on entropy change, so if you have a system with finite zero point energy (which is how it works for most physical systems), and single (non-degenerate) ground state, you can have exactly zero temperature at the ground state. Of course this is unreachable of real systems, because they are always in contact with external world, but zero point energy is not the cause.
I appreciate the visuals so much. Thank you
In my opinion, this was one of the top 10 episodes, as far as subject matter goes.
You showed us a billion subscribers in the video, are you warping time in some way to see the future or just a typo?
It's due to gravitational lensing! :-)
My girlfriend's knickers are close to absolute zero
Please remove this sexist comment
Paul Smith
LOL sounds like a nice girl
Chris Burns I rent her out as a fridge
He's only saying this cuz he's got blue balls đ
Paul Smith and just like absolute zero, she doesn't exist.
WINTER IS COMING!
SOME HISTORY ON THE EVOLUTION OF COSMOLOGY AND QUANTUM PHYSICS, FROM THE SCIENTISTS KNOWN AND UNKNOWN AND THERE DISCOVERIES THAT LED TO BREAKTHROUGHS THAT HAVE LED US TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE WOULD BE AMAZING.
So amazing how many ppl are watching videos lik this so eager to learn the abstract I can see u on here but in reality we dont exsist
Ppl who wonder of the abstract that is
Oh great, physics has reached the point where it's working on nothing at all.
theres something that reached absolute 0. My exÂŽs heart. I made sure there was not a single particle left in there moving
I pretend to understand.
Imagine a gyroscope spinning on multiple axis. You can gyrate in every direction until a certain point when the conflicting axes lock up and refuse to budge until it goes haywire and acts unpredictably as the gimble lock unlocks. You just described the same thing but didn't call them tiny gyroscopes.
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