Just a quick sum, AB can receive from any other blood types donors and O can donate to any other blood types receivers. The rest is just a matching game Period!.
Thank you for all the explanation and the different types of blood and the cells and even what they do with my blood when being taken by the lab people.
You wouldn't believe all the things about cells we learned in our first week of paramedic training. It was astounding. It was positively overwhelming. I went to school for a year plus the training I got. Antibodies, I never understood well enough IMO to understand anything other than anaphylaxis and allergies well enough to pass the test but not at the highest level. I lived with a doctor at the time and he said immunology was never his strong suit, which I found more astounding than learning cell structures. He understood more than I ever did.
I was wondering if, since those 'a' and 'b' molecules are on red blood cells, is it possible to donate plasma and white blood cells to anyone and receive from anyone? Because I know they rarely give a full transfusion these days.
Actually O can't be the universal donor anymore because it has both antibody A and B. The agglutination may appear if A or B blood receives blood from O.
The anti-A and anti-B antibodies are in the 'plasma' which is removed before doing blood transfusions. After people donate blood it is put through a process to separate the red blood cells from plasma. So, when you get a blood transfusion, you are only getting the red blood cells without the antibodies.
this is really interesting, my mother found out that she has a really unusual blood group known as AD negative, does anybody know anything else about this unusual blood group?
The I i is just code (It is shorthand for isohemagglutinins, or immunoglobulin type). The upper case I is used to write the dominate allele with the letter A or B written next to it. And the Lower case I is used for the recessive allele which is always O (They don't write the O next to the lower case i because there's no need, since O is the only recessive gene in the ABO group). So, for example, the possible blood genotype combinations for a person with A blood type would be written as IAIA (meaning A and A) or IAi (Meaning A and O). a person with B blood type would be written as IBIB (meaning a B and B) or IBi (meaning a B and O). a person with O blood type would be written only as ii (meaning O and O). a person with AB blood type would be written as IAIB (meaning an A and B).
@@moonbeam2062 Thanks for your reply. I was referring to less common antigens like Lewis (Le), Kell (K), Duffy, Kidd, as well as big I and little i, which coincidentally don't seem to have an actual name, just the abbreviation. These would be on a panel. No one talks about these other than videos showing how to do a panel. It would have helped in my blood bank class, but maybe it would help someone else now.
@@laurainda613 Hmm I can't help you with the Lewis (Le), Kell (K), Duffy, Kidd but as I explained, the big I and little i are not specific blood types. They are abbreviations representing "Isohemagglutinins / Immunoglobulins" type and are used as a prefixes when writing the letters of ABO blood alleles. (Dominate and recessive.) The little i is representative type O allele so the letter O isn't required to be written out at all because it is the only recessive allele in the ABO group.. Here are examples: The possible two allele combinations for Type A blood alleles are written as IAIA or IAi, type B blood alleles are written as IBIB or IBi, type AB blood alleles are written as IAIB, and type O blood alleles are written simply as ii. Sometimes you might see them written by them selves as Ii but that is just showing the dominate/recessive relationship of the alleles for a certain blood type. Hope you find out more about the other types, Lewis (Le), Kell (K), Duffy, Kidd. Here's an article I found online that might help: MadSci Network: Science History Re: In genetics blood type O is denoted ii. Why the letter 'I' for blood? Date: Wed Mar 11 2009 Posted By: Matthew Champion, Staff Scientist Area of science: Science History ID: 1233260589 Sh Message: There are Two primary alleles for blood type, A and B...From a Mendelian perspective, the use of the capital letter denotes dominant allele and the lowercase the Recessive. Eye Color is often denoted Bb (Heterozygous Brown) bb (Blue) etc. etc. I cannot locate the first historical use of the letter I(i) for blood alleles, but it is possibly a shorthand for isohemagglutinins, or immunoglobulin type. Blood type is often shorthand written I with a superscript for the type IA and so on. Type O is actually the absence of either A or B antigen, and is thus recessive to AB, and is designated i. Someone who is A then, has an allelic designation of IAIA or IA i.
But when someone with blood B or A donate to AB the donated blood (from A or B)will have antibodies for A or B which will attack the recepient's blood AB (since it has both antigens)
The donor's antibodies (located in the donor's plasma) are not important to the recipient. That's because they are diluted when entering the recipient. It is the donor's antigens (located on the donor's red blood cells) that are important to the recipient, and which may interact with the recipient's plasma antibodies to cause a transfusion reaction.
Someone with AB POSITIVE blood can receive any type blood. If the patient is AB NEGATIVE, however, she will form antibodies to a donor with Rh Pos blood.
as sophia said plus just in case your thinking why wont it attack whoever gets it because blood does not form an immune response the body does so the o in the new body is harmless but if the body that makes o gets any other blood it attacks it because the immune system of the body starts the response
+jocy galvan The antigens (A, B) are the surface glycolipids he is talking about at the beginning. Basically, whatever antigen(s)--whether A, B, both, or neither--your RBCs display on their membrane, your body lacks the antibodies for (otherwise your immune system would attack its own RBCs).
Instead of the Ys for the antibody it would help if you used the actual A or B. I get that you used the same colors but I'm a very visual learner and the Y antigens kept throwing me off. Thank you for the video and explanation.
Yes it does. It works the same way as having/not having A or B molecules. Essentially, the chart he drew can be expanded to being 8x8, rather than 4x4. Google image the 8x8 chart and you will see that it is the same concept as this video, just with one additional blood typing variable thrown in. Ex, A- can give to A+, because recipient A+ has no antibodies for the (-) factor. But A+ cannot give to A- because A- recipient has the antibodies that will attack the (+) factor in A+ blood. This video: A, B AB, O Expanded chart variables: A, B, AB, O, Rh factor (which determines +/-) -BS in Biology.
amber vandervelde when it is +, it has 'RH' molecule and doesnt have antibody RH. When it is - ,it doesn't have "RH' a molecule nd has antibody RH. For example, A + has molecule A , molecule RH, and antibody B. A- has molecule A , (no molecule RH) antibody B, and antibody RH. A+ can not give to A- because antibody RH of A- will attack molecule RH of A+. A- can give to A+ because A+ only have antibody B and it will not attack molecule A (A- only has molecule A).
+hiKrittiya .Tia di not get your last point....as you said that A- can give to A+ but how??? A- will hav antibody against RH molecule as you said in previous line....so will its antibody not destroy the Rh molecule of A+ ..the receiver..??? cnfusion
+sweet laiba the answer is the reason why agglutination happens in the first place. Antibodies (agglutinins) are secreted by plasma cells and attach to antigens (agglutinogens) on the surface of RBC's causing a reaction (agglutination) and this is all because of immune cells. A+ can receive from A- because (as she said) A+ only has antibody B. A- will attack A+ when it's received because of A+ has the Rh molecule and A- has antibody Rh (basically the immune cells will freak out and attack) < that wont happen during a transfusion though because the blood is leaving the body therefore no immune defense. ( I think )
Sylviah Muchiri well when you donate blood they separate plasma and other blood products so the antibodies basically go away before it's actually donated. So that's why even though o blood has antibodies against other types of blood cells it's still a universal donor, because via apheresis the blood plasma is separated before donation. Make sense?
If you're O POS , you're not the universal donor. That would be O NEG. The D antigen on the Rh POS RBC's will trigger an immune response when given to Rh NEG recipients.
No. You are NOT universal DONAR. O -VE is the universal DONAR. With regard to transfusions of packed red blood cells, individuals with type O Rh D negative blood are often called universal donors........
I think you ought to put the information in the description in bold letters. Or at least tell them you have to have licenses to do any part of medicine. You're not allowed to practice any medical care without a license, especially these days.
Adam = Alphas created 1st. ha Wah (Eve)= Betas created 2nd. Abel = Adam + Sun & Love = YAH -- Eve + Moon & Wisdom = WAH. These are the 2 aspects of YHWH (YAH & WAH) Alohim the 2 in one. Cain + fallen angels & corruption = Omegas. The Watchers angels (electricity) who lusted to procreate with earth women in flesh dimension and become spirit beings translated into walking flesh. No longer able to reside in Heaven they become demons and live in the place of condemnation (invisible dimension). The O- fallen angels sin against animals by blending with them to gain advantage over men. Their O+ bastard animal blended children become the Giants. YHWH brings a flood to kill all but one giant, Og who clings to the Ark. After flood Noah = AB- the Prophets Shem = A- YAHqob's progeny = Hebrews Japheth = B- YAHudah's progeny with Shuwah's daughter, Shela = Jews Ham = O- Esau's progeny Canaan = O+ walking flesh Giants Og's progeny O+ walking flesh Giants Blood Types - Ephesus - A-'s Alphas: Adam's Progeny - Sardis - A+'s Alphas under generational curse - Laodecia - B-'s Betas: ha Wah's (Eve) progeny - Smyrna - B+'s Betas under generational curse - Philadelphia - AB-'s Alpha-Betas: YHWH's firstborn Abel - Thyatira - AB+'s Alpha-Betas under generational curse - Pergamum - O-'s Omega: Fallen Angels firstborn Cain
Just a quick sum, AB can receive from any other blood types donors and O can donate to any other blood types receivers. The rest is just a matching game Period!.
Also remember the RH factor as well.
JUST simple and well explained ... thank you
Thank you for explaining the different blood types in a simple and concise manner!
I appreciate this video very much, well done.
This is helped me very well on my Lecture so thank you ❤️
Im in the third year and finally I understood this topic. Easy and simple. Thank u so much
It is very interesting seeing the table. I learned what blood types could recieve what kind of donors.
Well explained... Thanks
Thank you for all the explanation and the different types of blood and the cells and even what they do with my blood when being taken by the lab people.
Thanks for clarification...
Best explanation so far, Ty
Beautifully explained
Thank s alot Khan academy this topic was not well explained in my school text
Thanks for making it simple Allah bless you!
Awesome sir.
thank you alot
Good teacher!
Thank you
I just watch these kind of videos cause they are fun and i acctually learn so much from them...
Really im urrrrr big big big big big fannnnnn I could never understand the blood typin but now it seems easy af. Thank u so much 🥺🥺
I LOVE YOU KHAN ACADEMY
I was expecting this is more on the GalNAc and Gal present in the ABO blood groups type of discussion but thanks anyway
You wouldn't believe all the things about cells we learned in our first week of paramedic training. It was astounding. It was positively overwhelming.
I went to school for a year plus the training I got.
Antibodies, I never understood well enough IMO to understand anything other than anaphylaxis and allergies well enough to pass the test but not at the highest level.
I lived with a doctor at the time and he said immunology was never his strong suit, which I found more astounding than learning cell structures. He understood more than I ever did.
HELLO..give examples how to cingulate all types of blood..THANKS
I was wondering if, since those 'a' and 'b' molecules are on red blood cells, is it possible to donate plasma and white blood cells to anyone and receive from anyone? Because I know they rarely give a full transfusion these days.
Lots of thanks
It is a very beneficial video
Thanks again
Actually O can't be the universal donor anymore because it has both antibody A and B. The agglutination may appear if A or B blood receives blood from O.
The anti-A and anti-B antibodies are in the 'plasma' which is removed before doing blood transfusions. After people donate blood it is put through a process to separate the red blood cells from plasma. So, when you get a blood transfusion, you are only getting the red blood cells without the antibodies.
Your welcome
Nice. This topic confuses me every time but I think I finally get it.
forgot rhesus status tho, so the table at the end is misleading because A+ cannot donate to A- ect ect
My parents never volunteered to me what mine was. I still don't know. It's crazy really. I need to find out...
lov u
At what point during gestation is blood type determined?
I feel like Rh components are pretty important...
Antigens are not proteins perse, but they do contain proteins.
this is really interesting, my mother found out that she has a really unusual blood group known as AD negative, does anybody know anything else about this unusual blood group?
you said oh
I can't find any videos on youtube about other blood antigens such as I i in particular.
The I i is just code (It is shorthand for isohemagglutinins, or immunoglobulin type). The upper case I is used to write the dominate allele with the letter A or B written next to it. And the Lower case I is used for the recessive allele which is always O (They don't write the O next to the lower case i because there's no need, since O is the only recessive gene in the ABO group). So, for example, the possible blood genotype combinations for a person with A blood type would be written as IAIA (meaning A and A) or IAi (Meaning A and O). a person with B blood type would be written as IBIB (meaning a B and B) or IBi (meaning a B and O). a person with O blood type would be written only as ii (meaning O and O). a person with AB blood type would be written as IAIB (meaning an A and B).
@@moonbeam2062 Thanks for your reply. I was referring to less common antigens like Lewis (Le), Kell (K), Duffy, Kidd, as well as big I and little i, which coincidentally don't seem to have an actual name, just the abbreviation. These would be on a panel. No one talks about these other than videos showing how to do a panel. It would have helped in my blood bank class, but maybe it would help someone else now.
@@laurainda613 Hmm I can't help you with the Lewis (Le), Kell (K), Duffy, Kidd but as I explained, the big I and little i are not specific blood types. They are abbreviations representing "Isohemagglutinins / Immunoglobulins" type and are used as a prefixes when writing the letters of ABO blood alleles. (Dominate and recessive.) The little i is representative type O allele so the letter O isn't required to be written out at all because it is the only recessive allele in the ABO group.. Here are examples: The possible two allele combinations for Type A blood alleles are written as IAIA or IAi, type B blood alleles are written as IBIB or IBi, type AB blood alleles are written as IAIB, and type O blood alleles are written simply as ii. Sometimes you might see them written by them selves as Ii but that is just showing the dominate/recessive relationship of the alleles for a certain blood type. Hope you find out more about the other types, Lewis (Le), Kell (K), Duffy, Kidd.
Here's an article I found online that might help:
MadSci Network: Science History
Re: In genetics blood type O is denoted ii. Why the letter 'I' for blood?
Date: Wed Mar 11 2009
Posted By: Matthew Champion, Staff Scientist
Area of science: Science History
ID: 1233260589 Sh
Message:
There are Two primary alleles for blood type, A and B...From a Mendelian perspective, the use of the
capital letter denotes dominant allele and the lowercase the Recessive.
Eye Color is often denoted Bb (Heterozygous Brown) bb (Blue) etc. etc.
I cannot locate the first historical use of the letter I(i) for blood
alleles, but it is possibly a shorthand for isohemagglutinins, or
immunoglobulin type.
Blood type is often shorthand written I with a superscript for the type
IA and so on. Type O is actually the absence of either A or B antigen,
and is thus recessive to AB, and is designated i.
Someone who is A then, has an allelic designation of IAIA or IA i.
But when someone with blood B or A donate to AB
the donated blood (from A or B)will have antibodies for A or B which will attack the recepient's blood AB (since it has both antigens)
+Mohamed Soudy : someone with AB type blood can receive from any type of blood period.
The donor's antibodies (located in the donor's plasma) are not important to the recipient. That's because they are diluted when entering the recipient. It is the donor's antigens (located on the donor's red blood cells) that are important to the recipient, and which may interact with the recipient's plasma antibodies to cause a transfusion reaction.
Someone with AB POSITIVE blood can receive any type blood. If the patient is AB NEGATIVE, however, she will form antibodies to a donor with Rh Pos blood.
A bit late, but the antibodies are in the plasma. Donations are mostly only RBS's, the small amount of residual Plasma doesn't matter that much
Does the male determine the blood type ? Please explain thank you 😊
Both parents. Each parent gives their kid an allele
if o produces the a and b antibodies wont it attack the other donors?
Jasleen S thats why O blood groups only accept O blood
as sophia said plus just in case your thinking why wont it attack whoever gets it because blood does not form an immune response the body does so the o in the new body is harmless but if the body that makes o gets any other blood it attacks it because the immune system of the body starts the response
@@sanadbenali6993 thanks.
Whats the difference between the positive blood types and negative blood types?
Im A+ and i want to know how that's different from A-
A+ Means the person has RH blood and A- does not have RH blood and that is for +/- ABO Blood types .
Chimere Singleton thank you. I just found out what RH was a while ago
okay so what is the antigen part
i get so confused :(
+jocy galvan The antigens (A, B) are the surface glycolipids he is talking about at the beginning. Basically, whatever antigen(s)--whether A, B, both, or neither--your RBCs display on their membrane, your body lacks the antibodies for (otherwise your immune system would attack its own RBCs).
Wait so how do you find out you’re blood type??
A test on Amazon for $10 or donate blood and they'll tell you
does RH not exist in this universe?
7 in my immediate family are RH NEG B
M. J.E.
I am B- 4.9% of the world many Celtic people are B-
Instead of the Ys for the antibody it would help if you used the actual A or B. I get that you used the same colors but I'm a very visual learner and the Y antigens kept throwing me off. Thank you for the video and explanation.
John Bromley I think it's because an antibody looks like a Y
its not a letter Y, thats the shape of the antigen.
Do not confuse antibody with antigen.
Antibodies are clasically drawn as a Y shape because of their physical structure.
What about + and -? does that matter when donating?
Yes it does. It works the same way as having/not having A or B molecules. Essentially, the chart he drew can be expanded to being 8x8, rather than 4x4. Google image the 8x8 chart and you will see that it is the same concept as this video, just with one additional blood typing variable thrown in. Ex, A- can give to A+, because recipient A+ has no antibodies for the (-) factor. But A+ cannot give to A- because A- recipient has the antibodies that will attack the (+) factor in A+ blood.
This video: A, B AB, O
Expanded chart variables: A, B, AB, O, Rh factor (which determines +/-)
-BS in Biology.
amber vandervelde when it is +, it has 'RH' molecule and doesnt have antibody RH. When it is - ,it doesn't have "RH' a molecule nd has antibody RH. For example, A + has molecule A , molecule RH, and antibody B. A- has molecule A , (no molecule RH) antibody B, and antibody RH. A+ can not give to A- because antibody RH of A- will attack molecule RH of A+. A- can give to A+ because A+ only have antibody B and it will not attack molecule A (A- only has molecule A).
+hiKrittiya .Tia di not get your last point....as you said that A- can give to A+ but how??? A- will hav antibody against RH molecule as you said in previous line....so will its antibody not destroy the Rh molecule of A+ ..the receiver..??? cnfusion
+sweet laiba the answer is the reason why agglutination happens in the first place. Antibodies (agglutinins) are secreted by plasma cells and attach to antigens (agglutinogens) on the surface of RBC's causing a reaction (agglutination) and this is all because of immune cells. A+ can receive from A- because (as she said) A+ only has antibody B. A- will attack A+ when it's received because of A+ has the Rh molecule and A- has antibody Rh (basically the immune cells will freak out and attack) < that wont happen during a transfusion though because the blood is leaving the body therefore no immune defense. ( I think )
Sylviah Muchiri well when you donate blood they separate plasma and other blood products so the antibodies basically go away before it's actually donated. So that's why even though o blood has antibodies against other types of blood cells it's still a universal donor, because via apheresis the blood plasma is separated before donation.
Make sense?
Hi intermediate 2b iz me Carlito
i am blood group O-ve
Explains why A type has B antibody.
And B type has A antibody.
And AB type has no antibody
And O type has A antibody and B antibody.
I am a universal donner :O . im O+ve
If you're O POS , you're not the universal donor. That would be O NEG. The D antigen on the Rh POS RBC's will trigger an immune response when given to Rh NEG recipients.
No. You are NOT universal DONAR. O -VE is the universal DONAR. With regard to transfusions of packed red blood cells, individuals with type O Rh D negative blood are often called universal donors........
Dr. Rajiv Ranjan
oh i see.. cool
Anatomy and Physiology
oh i see.. cool
I thought the ‘A’s and ‘B’s were called antigens...
I think you ought to put the information in the description in bold letters. Or at least tell them you have to have licenses to do any part of medicine. You're not allowed to practice any medical care without a license, especially these days.
What is an antibody and what is an antigen
Adam = Alphas created 1st.
ha Wah (Eve)= Betas created 2nd.
Abel = Adam + Sun & Love = YAH -- Eve + Moon & Wisdom = WAH. These are the 2 aspects of YHWH (YAH & WAH) Alohim the 2 in one.
Cain + fallen angels & corruption = Omegas. The Watchers angels (electricity) who lusted to procreate with earth women in flesh dimension and become spirit beings translated into walking flesh. No longer able to reside in Heaven they become demons and live in the place of condemnation (invisible dimension).
The O- fallen angels sin against animals by blending with them to gain advantage over men.
Their O+ bastard animal blended children become the Giants.
YHWH brings a flood to kill all but one giant, Og who clings to the Ark.
After flood
Noah = AB- the Prophets
Shem = A- YAHqob's progeny = Hebrews
Japheth = B- YAHudah's progeny with Shuwah's daughter, Shela = Jews
Ham = O- Esau's progeny
Canaan = O+ walking flesh Giants
Og's progeny O+ walking flesh Giants
Blood Types
- Ephesus - A-'s Alphas: Adam's Progeny
- Sardis - A+'s Alphas under generational curse
- Laodecia - B-'s Betas: ha Wah's (Eve) progeny
- Smyrna - B+'s Betas under generational curse
- Philadelphia - AB-'s Alpha-Betas: YHWH's firstborn Abel
- Thyatira - AB+'s Alpha-Betas under generational curse
- Pergamum - O-'s Omega: Fallen Angels firstborn Cain