The rise and fall of Teotihuacan with David Carballo
Vložit
- čas přidán 6. 06. 2024
- How do archaeologists seek to explain the similarities and differences observable in early cities? Why did the earliest cities in pre-Columbian Mexico, such as Teotihuacan, emerge, expand, thrive, and eventually decline? Why did pre-Aztec civilisations build enormous pyramids? What were their religious practices?
The archaeology of early urbanism provides deep historical context for an increasingly urbanized world. Some 2500 years ago, central Mexico became one of the most urbanized parts of the planet, and has remained so to this day. Prior to the Aztecs, the city of Teotihuacan developed as the largest city in the Americas, and one of the largest in the world during the first centuries of the Common Era.
But how did Teotihuacan fall?
David Carballo will provide an overview of archaeological research on the rise and collapse of Teotihuacan by focusing particularly in a southern district of the city, which was inhabited by a lower socioeconomic stratum and provides a perspective on the daily life of commoners as well as the broader processes of urban growth. He will describe hints of urban planning in the extension of the city’s central artery, the Street of the Dead.
Based on his new book Urbanization and Religion in Ancient Central Mexico, he will discuss the religious practices and beliefs of the different civilisations that inhabited Teotihuacan and the role of pre-Aztec pyramids such as the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan. Many of its secrets will be revealed.
Thanks, Professor Carballo, for your work and for this fascinating talk. Learned a lot. It's such an incredible opportunity to get a look inside the everyday life of the inhabitants of the city. I noticed you have other short videos about the apartments and the everyday objects used by people. I loved seeing those, too.
I had a mystical experience on the pyramid of the sun that I've never forgot. It's good to see more information coming to light about this fascinating place.
Me too after vacation a few years ago touched the top of the sun pyramid when back at work used same finger and start machine and saw blue light
Machine Data was completely fried took 3 months to fix
I thought static electricity 🤔
Oh Me Too😂
Me encantó, gracias, solo una pequeña observación, no fue la erupción del Popocatépetl sino la del Xitle la que originó cambios poblacionales.
I love that he points the fact about Cholula is best hot sauce.
U just saved my report tnx ill link them to u, to this video for credits
maimaruths 61366 Jesus dude... learn how to read a book or use JSTOR.
Fascist_pig_in-a-blanket our report was based on a video about the teotihuacan.... We have to each find a video and do a report about it.... Lol
Jade ,an tourquise ...tend to come from specific places , an share minor elements , torch em and take spectrums.
It has been done recently, look for the researchs of Dr. Linda Manzanilla.
the architecture that comes down to us seems to be very corporate and specifically ordered, not individualistic at all.
to dismantle is not synonymous with destruction...
Some of the information here seems to be taken in diversion from INAH. Aztec concept did not happened once the travellers came in to Texcoco lake, that is a concept that Alexander Von Humboldt gave to the Mexica on his travels on at the end of 17th century and beginning of 18th. At any point on this discourse the Mexica is mentioned, and that’s where the name of Mexico comes from. Good talk but looks like is a shallow research based on Von Humboldt. I advice to look on other more structured studies. Tnx
Nice comment, thank u
The mountain right behind pyramid of sun the copy why not check
I think the kings are buried in the mountain why haven't we check this out let
Notice the similarities between Nahuati " tepētl" meaning "mountain" and Turkish "teˈpe". meaning "hill".
"The name Popocatépetl comes from the Nahuatl words popōca (Nahuatl pronunciation: [poˈpoːka]) "it smokes" and tepētl [ˈtepeːt͡ɬ] "mountain", meaning Smoking Mountain." -- Popocatépetl, Wikipedia
"Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [gœbecˈli teˈpe],[2] literally "Potbelly Hill")[3] is a Neolithic archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey." -- Göbekli Tepe, Wikipedia
TThere is a reason why: first if you think the Land Bridge theory is spot correct, then the root culture of the so-called "Native" Americans, which is a wrong-head ideological term created not by real indigenous people, means that the paleolithic root culture that ultimately crosses the bridge but did so before Gobelki Tepe existed, and therefore, the languages used, associated concepts, would necessarily need to come prior to that developing firmly in the Paleolithic, specifically the middle Paleolithic period, which was really a different environment and set of cultures than later in the Epipaleolthic (final stone age) overlapping with the start of whatever we now call the 'agricultural revolution' and rightly is the real 'first civilizations' as far as mainstream Archaeology is concerned, as the period that we call 'first cities and the associated Bronze Age, are really more accurately the Urban Revolution, so the processes that contribute to city-centered life start prior to that era, and thus the root concepts, the true fundamental elements of civilization exist prior to anything mainstream archaeology calls 'civilization'. Yes, that means the main stream archaeology have willfully created a fiction based on their definitions that do not accurately reflect the actual growth of these concepts, and the process that generated them.
All that said, there is also potential evidence, that this was not the case of how the Mesoamerican culture was solely related to any in the Old World, and that it is more complex, and this includes, for example, why are their step pyramids in the Azores, or why was Maize engineered from the largely inedible grass into Maize a process mirrored by the Old World's transformation of Einkorn Wheat so that the intricate knowledge of the same insight that plants can be modified into staple foods are found in both places, and so any concept of 'first farmers' in Mesopotamia is fine, but why and how did this human modification of the plants come about, and is it reasonable that a completely separate group unconnected could literally mirror the same complex process resulting in a different species of plant but the same process of human engineering of the plant species over time in fact took place. That is the mindblower of that story, so that there might be a missing epoch found in the Ice Age, with contact potentially on a global scale as the other important factor are the key shared root concepts found, concepts like why would Mound Builders in roughly the start of this city, and slightly later or contemporaneously in the North American Mound Builders civilization would they have a oncept like the Axis Mundi, clearly an Old World concept, but also found in the New World cultures too.
Plus the fact what we call Old World cultures, the root concepts like the anthropomorphic human with an animal or non-human head, a root concept with Egyptian Mythos and other mythos around the world, but this concept was not created by the Egyptians and there exists evidence of it tends of thousand of years earlier, stretching back to like 45,000 or so years prior, or around that data. Meaning, that the roots of religious thinking are found clearly in the Paleolithic so by the time we get to the Neolithic, those are old ideas and concepts.
There is a lot more, such as the true roots of civilization as Concepts themselves. You do not need Writing, for example, to have a civilization and above we spoke of how main stream archaeology defines the 6 core characteristics of civilization, religion, government, writing, agriculture, specialization of labor, art, but you really do not need Writing for example, to have a civilization, and you don't need Agriculture either, you simply need a stable food supply, therefore, those defined root elements are not the actual real fundamental characteristics of a civilization. Instead, they are root concepts, such as the idea of having a dwelling with the concept "inside' and 'outside' or if you have a dwelling the concept that you should have an area separate from where you prepare food from where you go t the restroom and make the 'poop and pee', which seem obvious but that concept that you don't crap where you make your breakfast, is a fundamental concept that is bound with the concept of why we have a separate room for a 'kitchen' and a 'bathroom' today but if you look at what could be rudimentary 'houses' back in prehistory you will see they have steps, windows, multiple rooms, and all of those concepts like the idea of needing stairs to up in elevation is a true root concept, and if you take these root concepts and extend them you get multiple houses, and then associated concepts of 'streets and that is what lies as a necessary foundation for anything we later call 'urban' or 'cities' and thus all of those concepts existed far prior than the so-called First Civilizations', and yet, we could call the Urban Revolution, something like a transformation of these prior concepts into a more complex and advanced form. Thus we end up with First Civilizations and First Advanced Civilizations
Yet, again, there could be a lost epoch of an Advanced or Advanced (multiple) civilization (s) that then experienced a real apocalyptic outcome, and then the survivors had these concepts which then slowly become the 'root' concepts, yet at some point prior there must have been a process that led to the first developing of these concepts so then what we call the rise of the Agricultural Revolution is a re-building and why along River Valleys, because most likely the first advanced civilization, if it existed was along coastal areas, agriculture was not necessarily used, as you simply need a steady supply of food which the Sea/Oceans can provide, and yet, due to the catastrophe and danger coast areas now presented, a new stable source was needed, hence you get a new River Valley based civilization, but prior to that, they were not needed as coast areas were there (But keep in mind the seas rose 300+ feet in the resulting catastrophe so the coast would not be safe, as it encroached on the land.
Either way, the root concepts, regardless how you feel or think about this, and if ignoring any possibility of an Ice Age Epoch with any associated more advanced settlement and culture (s) you necessarily must acknowledge the very real process and associated root concepts as the true fundamental elements of Civilization in any form or epoch.
------
There is a lot more to, the concepts that are later found in the Bible, or Old Testament are found, their true evolution places like Gobekli Tepe, and there is no single ancient 'patriarchy' but there in fact was one at that particular sight, with evidence to support it, and thus the later Noah, and many of the root ideas that were effectively 'culturally appropriated' into the Biblical Hebrew religion and culture thus come from periods and places like this, which means we are unpacking the concepts that later found their way into Exateric religion (as opposed to Esoteric), and yes there is prior period to this too, and it shows that whatever we call other species of humans or near-humans like Neanderthal had a religion and those concepts within it are then found in a later mixing period that will ultimately inform modern human religion
------
On top of that you have other important layers that are equally informative to this discussion those are only two of many.
@@andykaufman7620 I think your assumptions, if not conclusions, are spot on. As the old adage goes, "Necessity is the mother of invention," and thus, while the food and resource supply was naturally abundant, there was no need to invent agriculture. Even now, although few, there are still nomadic tribes who migrate with the seasonal food supply. Some have blended nomadic and agricultural/sedentary lifestyles, and migrate along a circuit, running ahead to plant root crops, like taro, in the next temporary camp, then returning only when the crop is ready to harvest. I would expect similar seasonal migratory circuits existed in prehistory. Australian Aborigines are thought to have arrived more than 50kya. There's evidence of First Nations / Amerindians having first occupied the Americas only AFTER the last glacial maximum, not more than 26kya. The Michigan Copper Culture has been dated to 9kya, the earliest in the world. There is a rock carving of a mammoth, caribou lines and a stone circle "henge" at the bottom of Lake Huron, so uh... It seems people were in the Americas BEFORE there was a 2-mile thick Laurentian ice sheet spanning Alaska to the Carolinas. We haven't had Mammoth in the Americas since the end of the LGM and there wouldn't have been access to the lakes during the LGM. Therefore, it appears that people were in the Americas BEFORE the LGM. So, I'm comfortable with the theory that people were coming and going from the Americas from different points. The Olmec arrived from west Africa, the Algonquin tribes of the northeast seem to have crossed over from Europe, as did the Vikings and possible the Dutch, before there was a place called Europe, and yes, some passed from Siberia across the Bering Strait. Polynesians also likely sailed to the Americas. If there is no doubt that Australia was populated 50kya, there's no reason to think that people couldn't have made it to the Americas, one way or another, before the LGM.
Several decades ago I learned of the 200ky old Trans-Saharan trade route. A documentary was put together with interviews with elders who remembered "The Meeting Place," as it was known. It was a family reunion of sorts, with members bringing goods from their "home" locations to "trade" with other family members. The area of The Meeting Place was, and likely still is, so strewn with clay potsherds that one couldn't take a step without treading on them. Evidence for the continent-wide travel of people was obsidian blades, ostrich and sea shell beads and other tools that could be placed to specific locations.
The Milankovitch Cycle is repeating glacial periods followed by interglacial periods. They can last anywhere from 95ky to 124ky, with the warmer interglacial periods being relatively short. While the change in climate wouldn't have been as sudden and traumatic as earthquakes, volcanoes or asteroid impacts, they still would have forced tribes to break with tradition and change their patterns. In modern times, we can observe what trauma, catastrophe and socio-economic upheaval can do to undermine cultural traditions and interrupt the transfer of family history through storytelling. So, it is quite likely that humans have forgotten more history, knowledge and tradition than we can remember. Surely, man has existed for millions of years (the Human Genome Project shows it) and yet, we know of just the last 7ky, and that rather vaguely. We don't "know" what early humans did, but for the hints they left in and on stone, before the Copper Age and advent of writing.
Behavioral Modernity - when humans began thinking abstractly, expressing thoughts symbolically, and taking pleasure in art, music, dance, ritual and religious concepts - is thought to date back to 80kya. The change in human behavior may be pegged to the Mount Toba Catastrophe, dated to 74kya. We know from modern behavior that when we are traumatized and find ourselves in mortal danger, we cry out to God, our parents, or Spirits of Nature, or our Ancestors for help and protection. It's an innate impulse. When we feel vulnerable, like children, we call for our mothers and fathers for help. That such an instinct would develop into religious/spiritual behavior is a reasonable assumption. I learned years ago that the earliest example of fired clay objects was a "Venus" goddess artifact, dated to about 29kya. Whereas the first known fired clay cooking/storage vessel dated to 19kya. If this is the fact of the matter, it illustrates what was most important to humans. Thinking, imagining, hoping and praying for help came when there was a NEED that was not accompanied by experience in problem-solving. It's understandable that people, who had never needed to deal with a climate crisis like Toba and the shortage of food that likely followed, would experience a great deal of fear, frustration, anger and a sense of helplessness. I propose that all the creative rituals for appeasing the gods of weather evolved from that period of crisis and that vulnerable time was accompanied by a great deal of deliberate exploitation of the innate tendency to seek the protection of the motherly and fatherly. And so was born GOVERNMENT, in the form of priests, priestesses, god-kings and their wars. We can see from the Homeric texts that pillaging and plundering were "noble" and war was "glorious". The Epic of Gilgamesh opens with the grumbling of commoners against the exploitative, brutish god-king, Gilgamesh. The other Sumerian texts recount the same circumstances of the masses relinquishing personal sovereignty in return for the protection of walls. Man may well have been the first domesticated animal.
With millennia of domestication informing out perspectives and expectations, what we think of ancient high culture is likely far too "progressive", "innovative" and "technology" driven. Almost everything we do in modern societies aims to put food in our bellies, clothes on our back and a roof over our heads, so that we have a little time and wealth for entertainment and courtship. What if the ancients had all those necessities without having to labor much for any of it? What if the yield of a man's labor was entirely his own, with no taxes to pay and no economic engines to grease? What if labor was completely self-serving and there was no need to compete for work or wealth? What if there was no unmet need and thus no need to invent anything?
Such a world might actually look a lot like the one we're heading into, with goals to live in harmony with nature, reduce our carbon footprint and eliminate the excesses of the consumer-based western lifestyle. What goes around comes around.
Certainly, prehistoric man had ample time to learn the hard way about the rise and fall of "civilizations" and there are OOPARTS to suggest that they mastered metallurgy at a time when coal seams were yet tar pits, but as it is now, nomads roamed, explored and discovered, while others preferred the safety of walls. I expect that just as Pompeii was abandoned to Vesuvius' ash, many prehistoric settlements were given over to rising sea levels, tsunamis, earthquakes and volcanoes. In fact, there are many sites that prove it.
@@andykaufman7620 what a garble of word garbage I forced myself to read. What is your point?
#Mexicourt
Bro your video was long but ok
It’s pretty standard for an academic lecture.
As soon as someone says the pyramids are temples or tombs built for kings, they lose all credibility with me. I consider promoting that kind of absolutism irresponsible. Better to say we don't know why they were built that to promote one's own personal biases.
I agree. Having been there, the Pyramid of the Sun has clear signs of a power generator similar to a powerful Tesla Tower in principle. There is an underground cloverleaf shaped room right in the middle underground that had water being flown into it (there is underground aqueducts for water to flow into the complex) - it is closed to the public, but discussed. There used to be a thick layer of mica in the Pyramid of the Sun that was removed at some point. And, there was once something on top of the pyramid and that of the Moon that was destroyed by Cortez. No idea what it was - and modern replicas are pure speculation. Also, the Aztecs told Cortez that Teotihuacan was built and abandoned thousands (yes, thousands) of years before they came and that they did not build it.
Also, the most important object on the site according to natives and their legend is the small statue that sits in front of the platform in front of the Pyramid of the Moon with a particular unusual orientation (it faces at an angle away from anything in the site), which the natives consider the "belly button" of the World. It's features and design seem way more ancient than anything else present there, and there is a strange opening in the place of the heart that seems to have been clearly designed to hold a crystal/prism at some point.
Having been there, if you notice the platforms along the main avenue, it looks more like a transportation loading platforms than anything religious. Looks more like a giant airport than a religious site. It is clear that there was ever anything on top of them.
And, the Feathered Serpent Pyramid looks much younger than the other two pyramids and the features of the feathered serpent look like they were added much later because both the stone and the design seem totally different. It is clear that the original pyramids (Moon and Sun) had no decorative features of any kind originally.
@@christianvachon2235 they found a lot of human sacrifices in the foundation of the Pyramid of the Moon.
It's a big difference between a sacrifice and a tomb.
Look it up it's very easy to find they also have the DNA.
Old questions ,now they have answers
Thanks. It seems that thèse were done later and not by the original builders. The same with artefacts at the Pyramide of Quetzacoatl; it's not clearing they all came from the same Time period. Also, they recently round an identical complex to the Feathered Serpent In Tikal, with the same orientation a few weeks ago, suggesting some ancient Lino between the two cities.
Sorry for the typos. Bad spellcheck active...
@@christianvachon2235 czcams.com/video/LvMoc5pyQyE/video.html
It didn't fall. They stopped using it because you people came with your disrespect and there were (&are better things to do)
Teotihuacan fell long before contact with Europe. SMH.