Prove it! Properties of logarithms

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  • čas přidán 19. 01. 2021
  • In this video, I prove the properties of logarithms like ln(xy) = ln(x) + ln(y) by using the integral definition of the logarithm. Enjoy!
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Komentáře • 87

  • @leickrobinson5186
    @leickrobinson5186 Před 3 lety +53

    I love when he gives himself a clean edit point, but then later goes “Hmm... Edit it? Nah... Let ‘em see it all!“ 😂😂

  • @oscaroblivion6570
    @oscaroblivion6570 Před 3 lety +15

    I'm new to this great site and so I was scratching my head; "What's a Chen-Lu?" Going back 3 years I find Dr. Peyam's video on the Chen-Lu. Fell out of my chair laughing: It's the chain rule.

  • @dr.rahulgupta7573
    @dr.rahulgupta7573 Před 3 lety +13

    Simple identity but simpler presentation wow ! DrRahul Rohtak Haryana India

  • @elfabri666
    @elfabri666 Před 3 lety +5

    I had such a long complicated proof for ln(x^r), yours is great, thanks!

  • @marienbad2
    @marienbad2 Před 3 lety +1

    It has been so long since I did maths that I have forgotten most of it, so understanding this stuff is beyond me now, but I love watching because of the joyful and interesting presentation! So nice to see someone with a love for maths explain it like this, with a smile on their face!

  • @tgx3529
    @tgx3529 Před 3 lety +13

    When I was a small child, we learned at school, that the definition ln x is, that this function is inverse to a^x function. But I heard that this function ln x existed a lot of years before a^x function. At the University we learnet any definition. We learnet this(it's from my notes):
    Lemma: Exists only one function on interval (0;infinity) with propertis f(x*y)=f(x)+f(y) and lim f(x)/(x-1) =1 where x go to 1. This function is named logaritmic function.It's continues, growing on (0;infinity) , ,Hf=R, and applies to it rule (ln x)'=1/x , x>0.
    Is only this integral from 1 /t where t in interval (1;x), x>0 the definition ln x in USA??

    • @Noname-67
      @Noname-67 Před 3 lety

      It's not the definition, it's the property of ln x

    • @semperciok
      @semperciok Před 3 lety

      you can define it whatever you like, you will always get same results

    • @Noname-67
      @Noname-67 Před 3 lety

      @1412 I was talking about the integral in the video

    • @Noname-67
      @Noname-67 Před 3 lety

      @1412 before that

  • @aitijhyasaha2569
    @aitijhyasaha2569 Před 3 lety +4

    Sir, really you're a genius. It was awesome. This type of video makes the concept of mathematics more clear and strong too. Love and regards...

    • @jamesbentonticer4706
      @jamesbentonticer4706 Před 3 lety

      He's speaks like 4 languages too. Your right genius fits to describe him.

  • @speedsterh
    @speedsterh Před 3 lety

    Thanks for reminding those proofs from high school ! I enjoyed these very much

  • @jamesbentonticer4706
    @jamesbentonticer4706 Před 3 lety

    Editing like that assures zero discontinuity errors. Brilliant.

  • @Emre-tt2ft
    @Emre-tt2ft Před 3 lety +3

    "dos equis", clase de matemáticas con un poco de español, me encanta!!!

  • @ahmedgaafar5369
    @ahmedgaafar5369 Před 3 lety

    I really like his brilliant derivation steps.

  • @aliasgharheidaritabar9128

    Bravo doc.it was wonderful

  • @pritivarshney2128
    @pritivarshney2128 Před 3 lety +2

    Amazing!

  • @PackSciences
    @PackSciences Před 3 lety

    I remember these questions from a few years back.
    Unfortunately the teacher forgot to remind us which definition to use in the questions of the test.
    We had remembered that exp(x) was defined as the continuous function such that exp(0)=1 and exp(x+y)=exp(x)exp(y); and defined ln(x) as the reciprocal. In the end, many students, me included, answered "hey it's easy, just take the inverse function on both sides and you are done", which seemed oddly easy compared to the difficulty of other questions.
    I think I did 2) in a similar way but got stuck in 3) because I thought it was for reals and was a bit stuck and I think I didn't answer but the question was probably for integers only and didn't think of calculating the derivative.

  • @dianeweiss4562
    @dianeweiss4562 Před 3 lety

    As a Freshman at UCLA, we used Apostle’s Calculus textbook that also started with the definition of the natural logarithm as you stated.
    Unfortunately, my class was an “honors” section and I while I could solve the problems, I couldn’t follow the proofs. It wasn’t until half a century later that by watching your videos that I could piece together the proofs.

  • @plugandsocket500
    @plugandsocket500 Před 3 lety

    Very elegant

  • @lucakoch3432
    @lucakoch3432 Před 3 lety

    Hey Dr.Peyam, I always wondered how you would prove the thing you mention at 6:24 and so I would really love to see a follow up video showing how it’s done, or maybe you can just give me some hints so I can try it on my own, that would be really cool 😁👌

  • @nathanisbored
    @nathanisbored Před 3 lety

    i believe 'early transcendentals' textbooks would use a different definition of ln(x), since i think 'early transcendentals' just means that things like e^x and ln(x) are introduced pre-calculus, so you wouldnt be able to define it in terms of an integral. however, i think late transcendentals is more historically accurate, because lnx was originally defined as an integral and e^x was discovered later as its inverse. kinda interesting.

  • @SeeTv.
    @SeeTv. Před 3 lety +5

    I think you forgot to cut some things out, but still nice prove!

  • @michaelempeigne3519
    @michaelempeigne3519 Před 3 lety

    this definition says that 223 / 71 < pi < 22 / 7 .
    The circumference of any circle is greater than three times the diameter and exceeds it by a quantity less than the seventh part of the diameter but greater than ten seventy-first parts.

  • @camilocastrojimenez8612

    Genial dos x, saludo desde Colombia.

  • @MA-bm9jz
    @MA-bm9jz Před 3 lety +6

    You can also prove it via homorphisms,if f is a homorphism so is f^(-1)

  • @MichaelRothwell1
    @MichaelRothwell1 Před 3 lety

    Very neat!
    Another way to prove (2) is ln(x)=ln(x/y*y)=ln(x/y)+ln(y).

  • @Kdd160
    @Kdd160 Před 3 lety +1

    Nice!

  • @tsunningwah3471
    @tsunningwah3471 Před 3 lety

    Hi Dr Peyam!! Love from Hong Kong. May I ask a question ?
    Normally if you differentiate lnx, you have to deal with (ln(x+h)-lnx)/h, which hasn't been proven yet. Isn't that kind of circular?

  • @FlyingOctopus0
    @FlyingOctopus0 Před 3 lety

    The last example made me think what if we fix the x and treat r as variable. Sadly, it doesn't help, because derivative (d/dr)x^r is not simple and uses ln, so it's probably circular reasoning. However it works the other way, if you know that ln(x^r)=r*ln(x) then you can differentiate both size by r and solve for (d/dr)x^r.

    • @PackSciences
      @PackSciences Před 3 lety

      There is something more fundamental, it's that even if you prove f is constant depending on r, you don't prove that it is constant on x, so you would end up with f(x,r)=K(x), so you always need to differentiate with respect to x.

  • @sadface7457
    @sadface7457 Před 3 lety +1

    I like as mathematician. Someone can ask you to prove it and you actually can.

  • @adityamanohar2564
    @adityamanohar2564 Před 3 lety

    Best maths teacher ✌️😊

  • @guill3978
    @guill3978 Před 3 lety

    Is (ln 2)*(ln 3) a transcendental number?
    And what about ln(1+e) and ((ln ln 2)^2)*(ln 2)?

  • @babajani3569
    @babajani3569 Před 3 lety

    Hi love ur vids, I had a request. Could you plz make some videos on the STEP Exam. It is the Cambridge entrance exam for High School students and the questions in it are absolutely brutal. There are 3 papers in total and they increase in difficulty from STEP 1 being the easiest and STEP 3 is the hardest. I think you will really enjoy some of the questions since in my opinion, having looked at both the JEE advance maths questions and STEP 3, I would say that STEP 3 is actually even harder than Jee so plz give it a go. But if you want the really hard ones then do STEP 3. STEP 2 AND 1 are still hard but not as hard. Also, if you want the hardest ones, even from STEP 3, then there is a mark scheme which has all the answers of the questions from the past years and towards the end of that, you can go to STEP 3 and they tell you which questions were done well or poorly. Hence which were hardest and which were easiest.

  • @rubus92202
    @rubus92202 Před 3 lety

    More proofs please :)

  • @gobberman09
    @gobberman09 Před 3 lety +1

    5:41
    And last but not least for the power law...
    *Cosmo's RE-DO!*
    And last but not least for the power law...

  • @dougr.2398
    @dougr.2398 Před 3 lety +1

    Ellen of Why has a friend in a nearby town of Ecks called Ellen of Ecks

  • @aurangzeb5735
    @aurangzeb5735 Před 3 lety

    Sir I have a challenging question for you!
    if y=2r+s and x=3r-s then find derivative of y with respect to x?

  • @deedewald1707
    @deedewald1707 Před 3 lety

    A slide 📏 ruler proves the rule using hardware in hardware !

  • @studentstudy162
    @studentstudy162 Před 3 lety +5

    Dr Peyam uses integrals
    Le Me: writes Ln(x) = a or x= e^a
    Similarly Ln(y)=b or y=e^b
    xy=e^a * e^b = e^(a+b)
    Taking Ln both sides
    Ln(xy) = Ln(e^(a+b))= a+b = Ln(x) + Ln(y)

  • @karimkadry
    @karimkadry Před 3 lety +1

    Dr Peyam, you explain a very good topics but sometimes you use abbreviations that they are not understood.
    In general, thank you very much

  • @j_tinoco
    @j_tinoco Před 3 lety

    ¡Genial!

  • @ajiwibowo8736
    @ajiwibowo8736 Před 3 lety +1

    I want to ask, why we use f(1)=f(x), and why other number doesnt work f(2) or f(3)

  • @chaparral82
    @chaparral82 Před 3 lety

    Very complicated proof. It follows just because it is the reverse function of exp(x) where exp(x+y)=exp(x)*exp(y). So exp is a group isomorphism from (R,+) to (R+,*) and ln is the backwards group isomorphism from (R+,*) to (R,+)

    • @drpeyam
      @drpeyam  Před 3 lety

      No but this assumes you know that exp(x+y) = exp(x) exp(y)

    • @chaparral82
      @chaparral82 Před 3 lety

      @@drpeyam we knew exp(x) first ;-)

  • @richardfredlund3802
    @richardfredlund3802 Před 3 lety

    very nice

  • @HichamBOUKHABZA13
    @HichamBOUKHABZA13 Před 3 lety +1

    Please keep proving stuff like that
    I'd like you prove in the next video
    This: exp(x+y) = exp(x) × exp(y)

  • @rafaelpinheiro857
    @rafaelpinheiro857 Před 3 lety

    I know a general way to prove that log_a (MN)= log_a M+ log_a N. Let log_a M=x and log_a N=y. Therefore, M=a^x and N=a^y. Replacing these terms: log_a (MN)=log_a [(a^x)*(a^y) ]= log_a [a^(x+y)] = x+y= log_a M+ log_a N

  • @bobochdbrew4483
    @bobochdbrew4483 Před 3 lety

    1:00 i think should be ln’(x) not (ln(x))’ because ln is a function and ln(x) is a number so its derivative should be 0

  • @AbouTaim-Lille
    @AbouTaim-Lille Před 3 lety

    Put Ln XY = A , Ln X + Ln Y = B . first of all f(t) = exp t is a continuous strictly increasing function over IR, in particular it is Injective so f(x) = f(y) implies x=y . so taking exponential of each side we have : Exp A = exp (ln XY) = XY since exp is the reverse function of exp for XY >0.
    And Exp B = exp (lnX + lnY) = exp ln X . exp ln Y = X.Y. so Exp A = exp B. Again . since Exp is injective we have A=B #

  • @nilsastrup8907
    @nilsastrup8907 Před 3 lety

    Cool way to define lnx, but I dont think it is that much of a natural way to define it, because you would have to know that the derivative of lnx is equal to 1/x, and to find that out you must use these famous log rules. Therefore I think the arguments are sircular.

  • @MustafaBirsoz
    @MustafaBirsoz Před 3 lety

    I love you bro

  • @dougr.2398
    @dougr.2398 Před 3 lety +1

    Ln(1/y) = ln [(y)^-1] = - ln (y). Do you know someone named Ellen who lives at Why? If not, why (!) Are you always talking about Ellen of Why? ;)

  • @tamingphysics
    @tamingphysics Před 3 lety

    👍

  • @KingGisInDaHouse
    @KingGisInDaHouse Před 3 lety +1

    Just raise e to both sides...

    • @willnewman9783
      @willnewman9783 Před 3 lety

      But then you have to define what e^x is. From what I have seen, it is more common in an introductory real analysis class to define ln first, and define e^x as the inverse.

  • @TrandusNinja
    @TrandusNinja Před 3 lety +3

    Today I had a dream where Dr Peyam did a collab with pewdiepie

    • @Gameboygenius
      @Gameboygenius Před 3 lety

      In the collab they would explore the properties of ⌊x⌋

  • @hsjkdsgd
    @hsjkdsgd Před 3 lety +1

    Chen Lu, Prada Lu😀

  • @miguelcerna7406
    @miguelcerna7406 Před 3 lety

    Excellent video but 2:59 I'm having trouble understanding how it is true for all x.

    • @drpeyam
      @drpeyam  Před 3 lety

      If f’(x) = 0 then f is constant (by the mean value theorem), and if it is constants, its value is the same everywhere, so it’s equal to the value at 1

  • @crisdmel
    @crisdmel Před 3 lety

    Math is pure philosophy with many branches to be explored.😜

  • @monikaherath7505
    @monikaherath7505 Před 3 lety

    Is it me or has Dr Peyam looked really handsome lately? Haha

  • @deedewald1707
    @deedewald1707 Před 3 lety

    Us lefties need to be creative long ago !

  • @dr.rahulgupta7573
    @dr.rahulgupta7573 Před 3 lety

    Dr 3.14159........m.Thanks a log . for nice presentation. DrRahul Rohtak Haryana India

  • @mattetor6726
    @mattetor6726 Před 3 lety

    d/dx (Ellen) :D

  • @nournote
    @nournote Před 3 lety +1

    I appreciate the mathematical rigour, starting by a definition. Not like the bprp strategy.

  • @Noname-67
    @Noname-67 Před 3 lety +1

    I have a much simpler proof and for any base, not just base e
    Let just called the base a
    log xy= log x+log y
    a^log xy= a^(log x+log y)
    xy= a^log x × a^log y
    xy=xy

  • @Ocklepod
    @Ocklepod Před 3 lety

    couldn't you just write x= e^k, y=e^l => ln(x)+ln(y)=k+l=ln(e^(k+l))=ln(e^k*e^l)=ln(xy)
    i didn't like using integral defintions for something that pops up out of the property that it is the inverse to exponential functions.

  • @alaechoulli6111
    @alaechoulli6111 Před 3 lety

    Ln ewwwww 🤢 it’s ln

    • @tgx3529
      @tgx3529 Před 3 lety

      Ln is more univerzal then ln, if you meen Log z

  • @mhmdsalhab8254
    @mhmdsalhab8254 Před 3 lety

    👍