Webb Telescope might have Found Stars Powered by Dark Matter
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- čas přidán 19. 06. 2024
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Today we’ll fly 13 billion years back in time, talk about dark stars, quantum payments, the efficiency of solar cells, rubber that counts, a biodiversity cycle, scientists who shoot lasers at lava, how to dissolve plastic, and of course, the telephone will ring.
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00:00 Intro
00:28 Galaxy fly-through, 13 billion years back in time
1:41 Dark Stars
04:44 Quantum Payments
07:18 Solar Cells with Record Efficiency
10:17 Rubber that Counts
11:09 A Possible Explanation for the Biodiversity Cycle
12:43 Evaporating Lava with Lasers for Better Predictions
14:00 Recycling Plastic by Dissolving It
16:00 Nautilus Special Offer
#science #sciencenews - Věda a technologie
Hi All !I have an eye infection & can't wear my contact lenses, hence the glasses. 👓I know the reflections are kind of annoying but we will be back to normal next week hopefully. (Much better already.)
Get well soon!!!
Gute Besserung
good, that you posted that, otherwise there would have been al lot of comments about that, thank you again for your work, being so reliable.
they are cool! Feel free to use them every now and then.
Be very careful, eye infections can cost one one's eye... Richard Vobes a CZcams streamer from the UK learned this the hard way.
Great guy is Richard, good streams on dealing with the growing trend for government to be oppressive even tyrannical!
Haha, I heard Sabine say, James Webb spotted a "geezer" on one of Saturn's moons. I got excited to hear how that old man got there.
That's why I pronounce "geyser" as Gi-zer. (The American pronunciation.) The principle is to avoid unnecessary homophones, to avoid false excitations of listeners.
www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/geyser?q=geyser
It's how Brits tend to say "geyser" as well and it really confused me when I first heard that pronunciation, because it was even harder to pick up the context.
@@SabineHossenfelder Americans think we’re weyser.
They used to call me "gay sir" back in high school
I eagerly await Sabine’s weekly news! The best midweek entertainment available!
This is the only science channel I trust on CZcams. All the others I've seen are interesting but are careless with being clear about what questions are scientific questions and which are speculations that need a different discipline to reason out.
When Sabines show is on, I have to sit upright and neat, and stop playing with the phone.
I watch your science news with friends during our lunch break where we zoom-discord as we walk on our treadmills. We know how important health news also is, so we all wish you to get well soon!
You have some really cool friends.
This is the most post-pandemic thing I've ever heard
@@odomobo yes, and I LOVE it!
We've been doing online meetups like this for years due to distance xD
I'm just imagining an alien in Maisie's galaxy, peering over at our Milky Way galaxy (one of the oldest galaxies in its skies) and just calling it "Boglorshogt's Galaxy" or "Pete's Galaxy" or something.
I love that the term "dark star" has come full circle. Historically, the term "dark star" referred to conventional stars that were simply so massive that light could not escape them. Of course, post-relativity, we know that such an object would inevitably collapse into a black hole. But in the 1800s, the term "dark star" didn't necessarily mean a singularity, but they were considered as just regular stars so large that the light they emitted would fall back up on them.
They are stars that havent fully materialized yet
A proper dark star would be a star made of dark matter, emitting dark photons that only interact with our matter via gravity.
@@Deciheximalso what the hell is dark photon?
"Dark star" is the first phase of solar(-system) evolution, where the primal substance is still undiffrentiated ("without form"):
Only element that exists is HEAT ("warmth-ether"). Its nature is dualistic ("ether-matter") and it is in rotating motion, forming a vortex around the center (macrocosmic heat-vortex and it manifests as "gravitation"). This is the first "phase of matter". It is also element "fire". It is the first development state of Solar-system (and "earth" i.e. matter). It is sometimes called the "1st day of creation".
Our Solar System has also gone through this phase, extending to Saturn's (current) orbit.
Second "phase of matter": Happens a dualistic transformation (of element "fire"): Gaseous element, that is "densification" ("air") appears with light-ether, that is "thinning" (electromagnetic force, that is transformation of heat into diffrent size-scale): Light penetrates gaseous element. This is a "Sun-state" ("2nd day of creation"). Light and dark ("smoke") periods follow each other. Shrinking (Jupiter's orbit) and densification of element fire (2nd transformation).
Third "phase of matter": third transformation of element "fire": Liquid ("water") appears with magnetic ether: This means, that "Sun" ejects molten densifications around it... ("third day of creation". Shrinking to Mars' orbit; Moon and Earth form a one celestial body).
4th "phase of matter": 4th transformation of element "fire": Solid ("mineral", chrystallization) appears with life-ether.
Mars collides with Moon-Earth separating those. More shrinking (of Sun). "4th Day of Creation"...
"Dark star" describes the first "phase of matter" (element fire).
Infrared and dim brown dwarf is a diffrent thing.
etc...
In a black hole, at the border of event horizon, all matter transforms to heat (1st law of thermodynamic).
When the heat spirals, in the black hole, from the event horizon towards the singularity in the middle, it transforms into shorter wavelenghts until it is spiralling around the singularity as "bent light" (Gamma-radiation).
Quark-sized vortex, that is singularity in the middle, is a gateway between ether and matter. Its "rotation" intensifies with the matter that falls into the black hole and transforms into intense bent gamma-radiation (in the middle).
All matter that falls into event horizon, transforms into heat (i.e. gamma-radiation).
Angular momentum of vortex in the middle (=singularity) grows extremely fierce, when black hole grows. That "spin" intensifies the "spin" of event horizon which in turn increases the size of event horizon (=entropy grows); Increasing spin of the etheric vortex, in the middle, makes the black hole to grow i.e. event horizon to grow.
Part of the angular momentum transforms to heat in the border of the event horizon. Escaping heat is called "Hawking radiation".
When the black hole "evaporates" through this escaping heat (Hawking radiation), event horizon becomes smaller. When It is small enough, the angular momentum rips the black hole into pieces and releases the spiralling, bent, gamma-radiation in explosion.
Fierce and macrocosmic etheric (heat) vortex has a direction; is from matter to ether (inwards).
"For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases." (2nd law)
Heat flows spontaneously outside from matter, according to second law. And inwards heat vortex of black hole sucks it: This causes a force, that is called "gravitation". It is caused by outgoing heat-quantums.
Big love for your science and your sense of humor! Here are my silly reactions: Geezers and Geysers are both old and unpredictable objects that spew vapors. But the names are
pronounced differently ...... Also the best recording of "Dark Star" was best performed on the 1969 Grateful Dead Live Album. Give it a listen while you compose your next video.
The lyrics start out: " Dark star crashes, pouring it's light into ashes..."
www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/geyser?q=geyser
Not to mention the last album by David Bowie.
Grateful Dead, great music, Jerry Garcia already dead 😢
@@SabineHossenfelder Not that chiefly British pronunciations are in anyway less correct than their American counterparts, but I do tend to wonder if the majority demographic of the viewers of your videos would use Webster's dictionary before referring to the Oxford dictionary. Anyway, the metrics on engagement are probably better to stick with the more controversial option. ;) I did think of "old person" first, but the context was very clear that it was a geyser being discussed.
BTW, cool glasses. I hope the eye infection has cleared up!
Elon casually telling us he doesn't understand the standard model without telling us he doesn't understand the standard model
WHAT does ellon undestand tbh
Regarding the mechanical counter, that buckling mechanism could be used to actuate other compliant mechanisms, and make the whole metamaterial change its behavior in discrete steps in a force-dependent manner. It's another development in the field of programmable materials.
This is one of the best part of weednesday
"And that's science for you, where dark stars are bright, and a thousand degrees are cold".😂
this is the best Elon bit yet it genuinely made me laugh out loud not just air from my nose
Did he actually tweet that? I can't tell anymore
@@braindecay9477 Yes, this is sadly a real tweet in response to the question "Can AI become conscious", it is baffling how people think this guy is smart
@@OnlyAiris oh shit, well ... Musk be muskin...
Thanks for clarifying this :)
deepest respect for your work, and sharing knowledge with us. stay strong sabine, the masses needs education!
❤😊
Thanks so much for doing these science news videos💜
Your videos are always a breath of fresh air :)
I concur
It's nice to see a science magazine recommended. Subscribed.
Outstanding as always. Thanks.
Glasses? I didn’t notice them. I guess I’ll have to watch your video again 😊
Thanks for the news, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Dr. Hossenfelder, excellent job on this: informative reporting with dashes of humor also! I am looking into the Nautilus subscription for science content, from your recommendation. _Thank you!_
Thank you for the science news.
Hello Sabine thanks for another great video.
Loved the phone conversation with Rishi. I hope he understood what you told him.
Interesting, educational, and entertaining... What's not to like. Thanks for a great channel and I hope that you get well soon... 🙂
Gotta love the humour. Excellent presentation as always. Thank you
I love the sheer size of the visible universe, the understanding that by comparison, our world isn’t even a galactic pebble of sand, on the beach of the universe.
...and yet, would the universe in all its glory exist if there was no one around to observe it?
All the best, thanks to clarify so much things. ....
I've been following you for a long time and I love your music.
I love the look on your face when the phone rings. I laugh every dang time. 😂
The rubber counting device looks to me like a mechanical equivalent of a analog to digital converter. The number (integer) of deflected beams (bit going from 0 to 1) increasing linearly with the continuous load applied on top.
9:06
That's a neat idea! I wonder if you could set up rubber beams to do calculations, sort of like an abacus does. They'd need to interact with each other somehow...
thx sabine another great video from you!
are you ever getting back in the studio to drop an album for us though... the people need new sabine music
absolutly right🎶
It's interesting to see there's an icon now for a quantum computer, as seen in the diagrams in the bit about encryption. No doubt it will change, but for now it's a little vertical combination of cylinders and discs. Something to keep an eye on.
Love your work.
I loved the 'counting rubber' but I wanted to know what happened when it got to the end. Did it start counting 'backwards'?
No it just ends and you stay in the final state. In the paper have the convention of saying the material "counts down". We define the state by the number of beams to the left and that number of beams goes down until you hit 0. From 0 you stay in 0 which is kind of nice from a computer-y perspective.
You can reset the counter by letting go for a couple of seconds and then you start from the initial state again.
The rubber counter might be useful in metal fatigue sensing.
I have been a subscriber of Dr. Hossenfelder's channel for quite a time now, and only had watched the videos explaining a singular topic. It is the first time I watch a Weekly Science News video and, my God!, it was really good (of course), but the cherry on top of it was verifying Dr. Hossenfelder's sense of humor at the end of each science new, and of course, that shading of Musk. 🤣
Phone calls with Elon are the best, especially when Elon has no clue what the Standard Model is
Elon does have a degree in physics.
@@ageofdoge That kind of makes things worse, doesn't it?
And you know that based on one sentence. You must be a remarkably clever.
@@MichaelBarclay Makes what worse? What has he done that someone with a physics degree shouldn't have?
Sabine, you're a gem!
I actually like the glasses. . Was really glad to see them back.
My name is also Sabina and I am enchanted by Sabine H’s lighthearted and informative video.
LOL, what are the odds of aliens being close enough to make contact or have had time to travel the distances (light cone and all that.). Thanks for this.
I'm diggin' those frames, Sabine 👍🏻
8:56 'you can see in this chart', made me chuckle. ~Shows Chart with about 150 Data points for seven seconds.
Reliable, interesting, entertaining and making smarter,💚
for the counting rubber:
there are so many possibilities of things to do with it.
Especially if we can make them periodic
Thank you
good morning sabine!
Sorry to hear about your eye infection. You look cute in your glasses (and cute without them). But mainly, thanks for all of your content. I am really learning a lot!
I have gotten the point of skipping all Quantum computing news. The mismatch between the hype and the actually capabilities is too much to keep track of right now. Can't wait to check back in 15 years.
Maybe fusion, room temp superconductors, and quantum computers…and string theory can all be in one journal… the journal of not happening in your lifetime.
@@DrDeuteron haha exactly, every big headline seems to be 10 years away from being 10 years away in reality for those subjects.
Officially a fan of the light accent and occasionally offbeat pronunciation. I find it makes the humor that much more enjoyable. "Geyser, geeezer, let's call the whole thing off"
Dark Stars!!! So cool!!! They may not be as energetic as a quasar, but for me these are definitely one of the coolest beasts of the astrophysical zoo.
BTW, I have the honour of knowing Raymond Oonk, one of the leaders of the LOFAR project.
Nice glasses btw. Been wearing those myself for ~2 decades
-see video about dark matter stars
-watch to about a minute, twenty seconds
-pause to see if Sabine made a video about dark matter stars
-exit other video and watch Sabine instead
Cosmologist: "Galaxies don't behave as we think they ought. There must be new stuff."
Particle Physicist: "I can't find it... We need a bigger [ $ ]."
Astronomer: "Oh look, [Dark Matter of the Gaps] a fuzzy red spot."
Sabine: "Oh FFS..."
My goodness I love this lady.
There is something about the way you speak that makes me feel like after some dramatic event, you'd present to me an old journal and/or some artifact which proves my father never abandoned me and was a good guy all along, starting me on a grand journey into Africa to seek out the truth which may or may not involve aliens, nazis, ninjas, ghosts or anything in between, finally leading to some other world/inner earth as I follow in his footsteps
'Dark Star' (1974, director: John Carpenter) is hilarious! I recommend everyone to watch it.
"Let there be light."
It feels like a gift when one of these videos lights up your *Notification Bell!* 🤙🏽
As always nIce video Sabine!, maybe did you read of the research that claims the universe age is 26.7 billions years from this week, it will be nice to hear your opinion!
Can you please talk about the Quantum Drive, some company will do a test in October to see if it works, the article says it defies physics and would change our understanding about inertia, I really want to know how that work
Just the fact that it uses "Quantum" in the name makes all my woo-alarms go off. 🚨🚨
Hello Sabine. I work for the Oil&gas industry, and always wondered why we don't burn platic in electric power plants instead of just only burning gas or oil?
The total amount of CO2 will be the same and we eliminate the plastic waste, also if we use CO2 in site capture sytems we can make greener energy.
"but maybe I shouldnt give particle physicists marketing ideias" killed me
Regarding the universe being almost double the age:
Could it be that it's just a reflection, like in a mirror?
I'm not a physicist, but when I hear about "something double" involving staring at something, I think immediately: it's a mirror
Maybe this universe is someone else's black hole, and space and time switch places if we stare back in time enough.
I second the idea of waiting during paying for goods and services.
The other day, I ordered the galaxy lamp from the sponsor using the coupon code for my daughter. Hearing this, my son showed me the very same lamp at Amazon at less than half the price. I've been used to feeling stupid when watching physics long ago but it was a higher step and I could have avoided that with that waiting.
Blasting plastic with the LHC sounds like such fun.
10:49 This has many applications.
To a minecraft redstone expert they would see a weighted pressure plate, or a comparator than has multiple output strengths.
1. A machine that needs to measure a specific weight. Sense when the correct piece moves right and stop the fill.
This in manufacturing and shipping is awesome.
2. A road sensor.
If an overweight truck drove over something like this it would be instantly detectable.
3. Circuit - it can detect variable input strengths.
Basically, a port that does mone than on/off.
This is genuinely game changing in MANY things.
Love Dark Star , fantastic film. Silent running was another cheerful 70s film. What about the possibility of entire universes made of antimatter? As long as they stay away from conventional galaxies no worry, just hope that no antimatter space rocks come our way, we would definitely go out with a bang.
How is Silent Running a cheerful film?
@Dimple_5 Dark Star is a 1974 Scifi comedy, or are we talking about different movies?
Fantastic? Don't get me wrong, I love that movie, but "fantastic" might be an overstatement. I showed the movie to a friend once, and when it was over, he expressed a desire to beat me up. I don't blame him!
'Dark Star' I keep thinking of the CSN song. 🎧
_Luke Skywalker and the Dark Star_ is the next Disney film in the series. Post Script: did you WIGGLE in your previous video, or was that my dirty imagination?
Thank you Sabin and also thank you for the humor. If Dark Stars are positively charged, the fusion process is slowed down due to electrostatic repulsion in the range of 10^-11 m or higher. On the other hand at least one model predicts extra gravity by positive charge, although charge in this theory is not coupled with a velocity based bivector, this bivector is also not inertial but is part of an inertial energy momentum tensor. There is a one page research offer list in DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.14100.27524
That object has more mass (thus gravitational energy) when electrostatically charged is known from Theory of relativity. Similarly, heated up chunk of material has extra mass if compared to the same cold chunk. The reason is bounded energy.
@@imeprezime1285 Charge based gravity is not anticipated by mainstream physics. You can read the paper. It leads to a new propulsion technology.
@@imeprezime1285 The outcome of the geometric chronon field theory is many orders of magnitude higher than the predicted value from SR. This is why the Bullet Cluster extra gravity can be explained by positive charge of its hot positively ionized gas. I recommend that you thoroughly read "Electro-gravity via geometric chronon field and on the origin of mass" in ResearchGate. It is a much better version than the peer reviewed paper from 2017. The quantum leap is non-geodesic geometry as the reason for force fields and thus for mass. Notice the special formalism of the Reeb vector as an acceleration description in one Lagrangian plane. The complete acceleration matrix is actually a 4*4 symplectic matrix with two acceleration planes / Lagrangian planes. The resulting symplectic form is not use on any phase space. It is directly used on spacetime. To understand the idea, it is best if you can read the paper on uniform acceleration by Tzvi Scarr and Yaakov Friedman although the acceleration matrix in the geometric chronon field theory has a very different meaning. Reeb vectors in their generalized form in the theory, measure how much gradients of scalar fields are not geodesic, or bend. The energy of mass is this "bending energy" which leads to a new description of the electric field which is completely based on geometry. With 2 Reeb vectors it is possible to describe the electro-weak interaction and with 3 Reeb vectors, it is possible to describe the strong force. Thank you for your reply.
03:18f
_But compared to other early stars which have surface temperatures up to 50000K, dark stars are cold with only 10000K._
I've seen a video yesterday where the reporter also states that these stars are "cold" with "only" 10kK but he compared it to Sun's roughly 6kK, which confused me because 10kK>6kK.
6:00 - While that is technically true, it's kind of missing the point of how secure communications work.
You wouldn't just send a non-encrypted message. You'd send a message encrypted with a one-time pad (which by definition isn't "crackable") and check if it arrived without being intercepted. If it did, _then_ you'd send the OTP in a separate transmission. If the first message was intercepted, then you'd start over with a different OTP.
It wouldn't even matter if the OTP was intercepted, because by then you'd know the ciphertext message hadn't been, and the OTP is useless without that.
"Charlie" would always have to intercept *both* to have access to the plaintext message, but he'd never get both if you were able to detect the first had been intercepted.
So, simply being able to detect (for sure) if a message was intercepted *is* enough to ensure its contents can't be decrypted.
Ahh yes Darkstar: _Let's have some music in here, Boiler!_
First post!
Edit: wow, this never happened before! Proud of myself.
Get well soon with the eye infection! I hope you'll recover soon.
only u were not first. A guy commented 2 minutes before you
Lol, actually 2 minutes after me. Saw that one
I love you Sabine
An old man on one of Saturn's moons? Amazing.
Me: "Mind if I slide into your DMS?"
You: "My Dark Matter Star? Yeah if you can time travel..."
Clever Vonnegut reference😁
FYI: You could use the rubber counter to operate purely mechanical equipment in extreme environments like within Venus's atmosphere.
Until the sulfuric acid in the atmosphere dissolves it. Which will take about three minutes.
I’d imagine the 900+ degree weather might be bad for rubber?
@@alphagt62 To be fair - this idea might be possible to implement with other materials. Often enough you don't know what to do with an interesting idea/solution, until someone stumbles upon it and finds and application (or needs a solution that nobody thought of before).
@@c.augustin Indeed, the design isn't unique and could be modified to suit different materials. The beams could be taller so that the strains are smaller and materials with a smaller elastic range could be used.
Maybe you could stick it in a holder with a different coefficient of thermal expansion and record the thermal cycles of Venus?
@@c.augustin oh I agree! But extreme heat could present a problem for any plastics or rubber. There are a lot of genius’s in the world, and people of different expertise that’ll know exactly what it’s good for.
So good
12:20 The telephone rings
Who is Richie?
@@imacmill Rishi Sunak? :))
@@FarFromZero Ah, Rishi, not Richie.
Thanks!
'10:12 "So the thirties are the new twenties, just a little more brittle" nice one 😂
Sabine, can you comment on recent paper estimating the age of universe to 26 billion year old. It is by Rajendra Gupta and team from ottawa university.
She did it on twitter, she's not convinced
The three objects that the team identified in JWST data are all very large and have no visible light emissions. This is consistent with the idea that they are dark stars. However, more data is needed to confirm that these objects are indeed dark stars.
Is the reason they don't emit visible light because WIMPs have no charge?
Normally something that hot would be emitting a lot.
@@alansmithee419they don't interact electromagnetic, so not with any EM-radiation like light. If they would exist...
@@alansmithee419 There are a few possible explanations for why the three objects that the team identified in JWST data do not emit any visible light.
One possibility is that they are dark stars. Dark stars are a hypothetical type of star that is powered by dark matter, rather than by nuclear fusion. Dark matter is a mysterious substance that makes up about 85% of the matter in the universe, but we don't know much about it. Dark stars are thought to be formed when a cloud of dark matter collapses under its own gravity. We just need more data on these objects.
Now that we see just how much more we’ve learned from JWST over Hubble, I’m excited for the next, even larger telescope!
@@alphagt62 Coming soon to a turn of the century near you!
Tandem solar cells and especially their even fancier counterpart, triple junction solar cells have been in commercial use for spacecraft for decades and reach efficiencies of close to 30% in a real environment.
The big news about the perovskite/silicon tandem cells is that scientists hope they might turn out far cheaper to produce, basically affordable space-grade cells for your rooftop.
Hmm, perhaps Sabine, you could do a video on that headline, Climate change and the shrinking Human Brain ?
The real clever and smart in one person 🎉🎉🎉
10:42 Having compliant mechanisms that can store digital data could make stored data immune to cosmic rays. With increasing development, metamaterials could process information without the use of electricity.
they can also damage material, eg: the speculation on how Hubble's gyroscopes kept breaking down, possibly due to arc discharge on metal ball-bearing, due to solar radiation.
With a year being the time our planet takes to go around our sun, is it really a good way to describe the age or size of the universe? I realise it works because we have a conception of the unit but once it becomes untethered from our solar system does it create any problems?
15:47 This is probably the best idea :DDDD
14:00 a method of electrolysing dissolved PET to split it into its monomers is a total waste of energy. I have worked in that field for quite some time, and there is no need to use additional electricity to split the polymer chains. Water, time, and a bit of a catalyst are completely sufficient.
By the way: PET is not the plastic we should worry about the most, because there already are ways to recycle it (it's called recycled polyester, you probably heard about it already). But other types of plastic, e.g., HD-PE, PP, and other polyolefins, besides polyamides, are much harder to recycle, as the polyolefins would not dissolve under normal conditions, and for polyamide, strong acids are needed.
I heard there is a geyser on Uranus too.
With regard to uses of counting metamaterial I don't believe counting has value per se but maybe hints as way for metamaterials could actually compute in some fashion. Various forms of self-assembly might be viable. A touring complete metamaterial wouldn't be that good an idea since you know Terminator 2 and all.
come on Sabine, you KNOW that CO2 is not bad, it is an ESSENTIAL part of photosynthesis, so releasing more is good, not bad
Heretics get burned at the stake, But that would emit too much carbon.
Hope you are feeling better soon.
Can we get links to sources/papers?
I had a worrying Hintergedanke about this subject not even GTP-3.5 could help me wih it.
On Quantum encryption, what is it is looked at twice would that not reset it to its original value? I am really curious about that, because it's not like the people wanting to read about anything you might want to say would not have a way to reset it to its original value.
Einstein call this "Spooky action at distance"", the atom you looked at, alter the atom that the sender hold. It's like an alarm. The sender already knew somebody looked at, there's no going back.