Unleashing the power of satellites - with the National Physical Laboratory
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- čas přidán 1. 04. 2024
- Discover how satellite observations are helping us understand and respond to the challenges of climate change.
This lecture is currently an ad-free member exclusive. It will be released to the public on Tuesday 2 April at 5.30pm BST.
This lecture was recorded on 16 January 2024 at the Royal Institution, in partnership with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Find out more about NPL here: www.npl.co.uk/
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These satellite observations, when supported by rigorous metrological (measurement science) approaches, can provide the essential information for society to monitor progress on the way to Net Zero, and to understand how the climate is changing in response to human actions. We will look at how best to interpret findings and apply them over short, medium and long term scenarios.
From this, we will introduce TRUTHS, a climate-focused satellite mission led by the UK Space Agency with international partners and delivered by the European Space Agency. This mission will make a ten-fold improvement in how we can observe and quantify climate change through its own direct measurements of the sun’s energy and provide a ‘gold standard’ reference data set that can be used to calibrate other satellites.
Don’t miss this opportunity to learn about British science at the cutting-edge of understanding climate change.
Prof Nigel Fox is an NPL Fellow in Optical Radiometry and Earth Observation. Nigel joined NPL from University College London in 1981 with a BSc in Astronomy and Physics. Nigel is Lead Investigator (LI) of TRUTHS, a climate focussed satellite mission, a concept he has been working on since the 1990s and now being implemented by ESA. Also while at NPL he pioneered work in metrology for satellite Earth observation, taking NPL out from laboratory-based calibrations into broader applications. He has chaired the infrared and visible optical sensors subgroup (IVOS: of the Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) (the international coordinating body of space agencies) - through which he pioneered bringing metrological principles into satellite Earth observation, and helped establish the “Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation” (QA4EO) which has been endorsed by Space Agencies internationally.
Dr Emma Woolliams graduated from Imperial College London in 1998 and has worked at the National Physical Laboratory since then. Her PhD was on the establishment of the UK’s primary spectral irradiance scale. In her early career, she worked as a laboratory metrologist specialising in radiometry and thermometry, and conducting international comparisons to ensure SI consistency. This naturally led to work on radiometric satellite sensors - first for pre-flight calibrations, then for ways of calibrating satellites in orbit. She was the lead metrologist on several projects that, for the first time, established rigorous methods for determining and validating uncertainties in satellite sensors post-launch. Having established a successful team of scientists who focus on applying metrology approaches to a wide range of radiometric sensors, Emma has now switched her focus to radar satellites. Emma Woolliams is also chair of the European Metrology Network for Climate and Ocean Observation.
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Excellent presentation. We are hardly working with my children to plant the seeds for what are going to be there challenges and we work together in do our part. Teaching with example
those children that throw soup at art?
Can you relate CO2 levels with climate change. If your go further back in history before fossil fuels where used, the CO2 levels were much higher. Are we not coming out of an ice age so getting warmer. How do sun flares affect the weather and clouds, that reflect heat back out ?
When you measure the temperature of a hypothetical Earth without an atmosphere, what are you actually measuring to come up with a temperature of -18degrees? Are you putting a thermometer in the top surface of the soil or the surface of the ocean? Obviously the temperature just above the surface would be the same as the temperature in space, seeing there are no speeding molecules to measure.
This is a great project. I wish the US was also participating in this. Thanks
ESA and NASA collaborate on a lot of missions and NPL and NIST collaborate on metrology. There is a NASA mission called CLARREO that is very complementary to TRUTHS, though with an entirely different calibration route. The fact they are based on different principles is very good metrologically because when we compare them, they can be considered independent.
@@emmawoolliams9411 Thank you. Good to hear this!
What I'd like to see is an interactive real time map of earths plant growth conditions (if 5 to 40 c temperature, air pressure, sunlight, rain and co2 then growth, else no growth) of every spot on earth. Perhaps there already is one?
Not quite real time, but all those maps are available with a day's resolution or so on ESRI Landviewer
@@Mandragara Thank you very much. Very useful source.
Also we as a society are energizing the electrons and then grounding them. You have to understand the magnetic field layers. Also machines for monitoring the fluctuation of the atmospheric layers and are impact on them. A new electrical system might be in the near future. It's like when the solar flare hit in the 1900s and all the wires melted of the poles.
Good description of the Earth Energy Imbalance, the value quoted is out of date though. It has increased to 1.36W/m2 since 2020. A lot of this is due to cloud dimming since that date. This means all the energy values quoted in the lecture are half as bad as the real situation today.
The solar “constant” (total solar irradiance at top of atmosphere) is 1.36 kW m^-2 (ish - too tired to look it up right now). The number I quoted was for the imbalance and I got it from the 2021 IPCC report.
@@emmawoolliams9411 Thanks for replying. I recognised the IPCC number. My point is that since the report in 2021 which was based on data to 2019 (ish) the situation has worsened according to the NASA CERES data which shows accelerating growth of the imbalance due to increased absorbed radiation (cloud dimming) , especially since 2020. 2023 saw the EEI rise to 1.9W/m2.
It makes the need for a satellite campaign to properly measure the full spectrum of incoming and outgoing radiation and cloud properties even more critical, just as you pointed out. I wish you every success and look forward to the data.
With solar photoelectric panels, we are converting a lot of solar energy into other forms like motion. We greenify our lands and build solar like crazy, sharing a higher standard of living with more of the masses by making energy super cheap while absorbing more and more of the excess solar energy hitting the Earth.
Tell that story about super cheap energy somewhere in the 3rd world, where they burn coal and rubbish to get heating and light. Better yet, spend some time in a country like this. I did.
@@iampdv Its almost like all of the first world countries aren't helping them. Side note, how do you think the top countries got so big? I'll give you a hint, it wouldn't using green energy......
@@urmomsahoe1 the hint should have been addressed at 0ooTheMAXXoo0... I'd call this one of the manifestations of neocolonialism if not outright eugenicism of the left-leaning ruling class in the West...
@@iampdv NO, you assume our climate crisis is on the backs of countries like China and India but also held us to a somewhat higher standard as if the majority of modern CO2 levels didn't come from the UK, Germany, Russia, and the US.
@@urmomsahoe1 it is the inverse actually - I was being sarcastic in reference to 'super cheap' and 'sharing a higher standard of living' through the green agenda, which actually hurts those countries.
Another question, A few years ago it was reported that the Earth's orbit around the sun was increasing by 15 cm per year. Would this affect climate ?
What about Jupiter and Saturn's radiation effects on planet earth???
Negligible
Nice bit of measurement kit.
Is the data being collected available as open source ... wouldn't want any bias creeping in would we ?
Yes. All of ESA’s satellites provide all their data for free, along with details of processing algorithms, data quality reports, reports on comparisons with other satellites and with non-satellite data sets. Because TRUTHS is a metrology mission, very detailed information on the instrument calibration and uncertainties achieved will also be made public. We publish all our papers under fully public licenses (no paywall), and our software is open source on GitLab…
Algo b-b-boost!
Maybe climate change is required for the earth to change properly in preparation for the next step in human evolution?
Oh, but wait, we need taxes to study this.
19:40 do we need that positive feedback fear mongering loop really? Not sure what's the value of listening further because this is not a self-evident truth for me as is posited by the lecturer...
Also - isn't that what British (and not only) legacy media are already doing?
ANALYSIS PARALYSIS
Is it possible that the measured rise of fall of water is due to Earth Wobble ? Is Earth Wobble affected by changes in climate due to humans ?
I guarantee that if you, as a non-expert (I assume) has thought to ask this question, then pple who have tens of thousands of hours studying this have also thought about this and considered it.
Were very intimate with average and normal water levels going back thousands of years (geology).
@@djw101 That is not an answer to my question.
@@urmomsahoe1 That is really funny. You must be a comedian. The question was not whether or not we have recorded the history water levels, it was if anyone knew the affect of earth wobble and decreasing earth orbit has been considered because we have observed the increase. Can one of the presenters answer these questions ?
@@gary7196 no, my understanding is that the wobble isn't a significant factor because those effects occur on the scale of tens of thousands of years. Look up milankovitch cycles.
🛰️ 🌎 👍
Great saellite but could we make it minitue sothat we can sent 29 trillion galaxies by using the powe of supernova
How do increased taxes reduce climate change.
No money left to pay utilities.
Where do they discuss taxes in this video?
@@djw101 they don't, but how many politicians are always pushing for more carbon taxes to affect climate change?
... As far as I know, you measure something else, much less you care about climate !