Quantum mechanics emerges from the multiway causal graph | Stephen Wolfram and Lex Fridman
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- čas přidán 15. 09. 2020
- See full episode (Lex Fridman Podcast): • Stephen Wolfram: Funda...
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CZcams algorithm saw the trash I’ve been watching and decided I need educating
Ah, yes. Of course.
Quite. Simple, really.
How could I have been so blind.
Rick and morty said it better smh
Hilarious
Indeed.
7:44 my face while "following along"
yes!
Queue the “curb your enthusiasm” theme
Okay, so, every time Wolfram says, “okay, so,” we’re about to move in reverse through the branchial space of his explanation of the concept? Okay, so this stuff is easy.
Lex interviewing Wolfram is like Joe Biden interviewing Thomas Jefferson or Ben Franklin. He can barely formulate a sensible question.
I was thinking the exact same thing - I think it is why I love him so much. His physics works exactly like his thinking process, it is a branching, multiway path with leaves and flowers you have to know to get the context, so he keeps jumping. It is fascinating to watch in real time. He gets so excited too! Just such an amazing human.
Always wierd to realise my favourite youtubers watch the same channels as me
HAHAHAHAHA
Once that middle school explanation is fine tuned, have a crack at a primary school explanation for me
i'll wait for the kindergarten color book version.
lol
I know some of these words
of, the, than, etc.
One of my favorite lines to quote ever , sad how many ppl never get the reference lol
Chris Paige Ya man , it’s just the overall concept of the scene tho and them trying to swindle Ed and get him to sign a contract that hands over his secret recipie and he’s like ‘uh huh ya ok , I know some of these words’. 😂😂🤣😭 priceless
@@ethanharvey4869 Which movie?
I like how Wolfram is able to finish lex's questions before he gets them out since he is such a slow talker. I think that's a sign of someone with good teaching skills when they can help someone ask the right questions.
Poor Stephen Wolfram, having to do interviews from maximum security prison....
Medium security.
Is he describing how git works?
No explaining how git works would be more complex.
No one knows how git works.
_“Asked in 1919 whether it was true that only three people in the world understood git, [Arthur Stanley Eddington] allegedly replied: 'Who's the third?'”_
OK now I'm wondering whether the alleged "glitches in the matrix" you hear about are instances of someone exploiting SHA-1 collisions.
@@JuusoAlasuutari
programming humor 🤣
as someone who is very physical in my understanding of concepts, this made so much sense, best description I have ever heard. amazing theory, well articulated.
I remember critics and academics absolutely panning NKS and trashing Wolfram. At the time I was just diving more into the rigors of cellular automata and began developing a deterministic machine learning algorithm based on CAs.
It seems the institutionos gripping onto string theory and other dead ends for dear life. "...one coffin at a time", and so on
Absolutely fascinating, Wolfram is an exceptional speaker. Thanks!
This is absolutely amazing!! I’ve seen Stephen Wolfram present his work twice in person and he only briefly mentions these topics. He mostly covers his amazing tool of Mathematica and Wolfram Alpha. He’s truly a genius of our time. Way ahead of his time. I hope he continues to bless us with his knowledge and insight
I’ve never heard of Wolfram before and while I’m very interested in Physics, this concept is very hard to understand. I’ve rewatched parts of this interview and think I’m finally getting a hold of at least the implications of his theory. What he proposes is almost too amazing to believe and I’m REALLY looking forward to delving deeper into his work and seeing it be polished and hopefully evolve into becoming scientific consensus.
@@benjaminhalbeisen9175 it is very difficult to understand and I don't think we will be able to understand it at the level that he does anytime soon. It doesn't hurt to try though ^_^ I am excited for what this blossoms into though. We are really watching a true genius unravel the mysteries of our universe in real time which is amazing.
So being in the right place at the right time is probably branchial space merging together from multiple sources
oooh, it makes so much sense now....
Or the wrong place at the wrong time.
Or just holding in place.
Many different simultaneous simulations have taken place for one particular situation to occur.
The fact that the two theories are the same in different types of space is mind blowing. This feels very much like Stephen Wolfram is heading towards the next stage in a unified theory of everything.
That was his goal from the beginning I believe. To explain how the world works.
@@salvationindustries I think that's just being called a physicist
Wow. I am a huge fan of Wolfram and I really think he's blazing new ground in physics and our understanding of reality. The fact that he has seen a way that combines GR and Quantum is just amazing!
I could listen to Stephen Wolfram all day, every day. I can't get enough of this.
@Wolfram this matching of path integral and relativity is amazing.
Truely brilliant cut of a historic interview !!!
He explained it so well, I feel like I can almost grasp it
Love when something new comes along that can get someone that's been in this business for this long crazy excited.
Lex, new shirt looks nice! Keep it going!
That was such a great explanation. Thank you for you talk.
Entropy being the result of our computional handicap is as simple a concept as it is mindblowing.
A strong gust of wind hits at around 11:40 and then what falls into the frame at 11:42? I can't work out if there's a massive open window, or they're somehow outdoors...The wind keeps shaking the camera.
It makes me happy to know that "lots" of other people enjoy these Lex Fridman videos. Joe and his podcast are both honestly cool, too, but...
This blew my mind
Im gonna watch it again
My girlfriend explaining to me why she's upset.
That was the best clip i may have ever seen on youtube. Thanks lex
Waouh...first time I hear a coherent yet understandable link between quantum theory and general relativity !
As A CD student just getting into Graphs data structures, I think I accidentally jumped in the deep end.
good thing drowning is not fatal, quite the opposite
@@kipkoechkorrir2592 Right! Swim or sink. Choices must be made
This is so fascinating and beautiful
Years from now i predict we will look back on this interview when Wolfram wins a Nobel Prize!
Outstanding job drawing out the exciting details of this unbelievable model !!!
I can't wait until we understand Particles! I predict it will open up whole new types of Particles!
It's testimony to how small we've been able to reduce everything to
Are you slicing the edges or the vertexes?
Truly appreciate 🙏 this .
This one was tooo clutch 🔥💯
When Wolfram pauses and realizes he has to back up a step in explanation reminds me of playing Minecraft when you're trying to make a complicated item, you realize you need x item first, but to make x, you first have to make y machine. Yet to make Y machine, you need a list of sub-components, all of which have their own recipes.
Yes. This the extent of my understanding of this interview.
if there is the same amount of branching and merging, then how the branch-space expands?
A gem! Thank you, Lex and Stephen! I hear rumors that things are no long great. We live in beautiful times. We need only to know where to look. Thank you, gentlemen.
That being said, I have some questions...
0:34 "Quantum physics says there's this whole set of paths of things that might happen and we're just observing some overall probabilities of how those paths works."
So we have quantum particles moving through time into new quantum states. This is graphed. Particle looks like 'this' and has a likelihood of turning into 'that'. This changing of states is visually shown in a multi-wave graph. The "traveling/changing" from one state to the next can be observed? These travelings/chages are the branches and the nodes are the new states? Branchell space is a cut section of these quantum states shifting over time? This cut section of shifting quantum states has lagrangian density and causes deflection of geodesics? ... Does not compute. I should've kept curious in math. If I'd only seen this while in high school. Have Stephen Wolfram on again, Lex!!
19:50 find the beauty in your world. We live in amazing times. Stay curious and stay humble.
I'm going to stare into a fractal zoom for 10 hours now
19:20 how could one formulate the double slit experiment in order to include distant causal branches so that a measurement can be made?
"We know the universe is expanding in physical space but the universe is also expanding in branchial space as well .. that means the number of quantum states of the universe is increasing with time "... and my head just popped
It's expanding into what?
@@Graeme_Lastname ERROR
@Nicholas Parris What bit is ill defined?
@@saturnianlotus8343 Is it 404, can't find answer?
@@Graeme_Lastnamea topological manifold is under no obligation to be embedded in any higher manifold. For now, if it is expanding, it’s as if it’s expanding into itself - like a mapping F: R -> R. Only vast distances between gravitationally bound objects appear to be growing, possibly indicating a new epoch of a gravitationally dominated universe breaking up into disjoint subsets of gravitationally dominate spaces.
This blew my mind! 🙏🙏👍👍
I'm just glad there exist people in this world that use these words in something that isn't technobabble
Very inspiring! Steve is the fist mathematician I've heard express the important need to quantify the natural world through fractal computation rather than trying to squeeze it into whole number dimensions. A new fractal number system based on patterns like the Feynman diagrams perhaps? My personal fantasies are for digital signal processing, computer modeling and even solving the n=body problem. Watching very closely... Thanks Lex!
*This is exactly what I've been trying to tell everyone all along!!*
Adv. Cal. VII - Integrating in Dynamic Dimensional Space
Pre-Req: Adv. Cal. VI - Fraction Dimensional Calculus
Very interesting!
The geodesics in GR are related to paths particles in motion will follow through spacetime. I understood the branchial space to be more of a graph of the space within which quantum states exist, with nodes and branches. How does "deflection" impact the informational content of a graph? The path length in a space-time is a quantifiable and measurable thing. Wolfram is saying that the Feynman path integral quantifies the deflection but how do you measure the length in a graph of a state space? Why does it matter?
So doesnt the fact that two points of light ending up on distant ends of branchial space, given they are not observable in 1,2 or 3 dimensional space lend itself to branchial space being the dominant form by means of physical space simply being another branch?😆
And where do they go? Could this be quantifiable evidence of currently unperceivable dimensions beyond 3D?
Can someone clarify for me?
Cheers👍
As an architect hearing him talk, is sort of describing the new parametric tools used for design such as grasshoppers, where you design with parameters and input branches, the vocabulary is the same, branching, grafting, leaves of data. Our tools and language is changing towards this method of thinking!
Parametric computational modeling is definitely the future of pretty much every field in my opinion, I'm most excited to see it applied in design.
Architecture will become mathematical modeling? Juggling constraints.. code, structural engineering, energy efficiency, human ergonomic design and cost...
I have always thought that quantum mechanics may be the description of particles interacting on a hyper temporal dimension. These hyper temporal interactions lead to a progression of time that is dynamic rather than linear. Meaning that interactions that occur in the future can affect the past/alter the structure of a branchial plane. This ultimately leads to interactions that can appear impossible from the perspective of our 4 dimensional existence. For example something like quantum entanglement. Due to the transfer of information from the future to the past through a hyper temporal dimension. Apologies if this is complete crap trying to explain an idea I have but quantum mechanics is not my area.
Is it possible to traverse backwards through branchial space?
that Stephen guy is doing great work in bringing physics to philosophics
I want to hear more about the conservation of quantum information.
The no-hiding theorem
I call it God's mind
With this branchial description of the double slit experiment, is it a stretch to say negative interference is somewhat analogous to the edge of the mandelbrot set, where when a solution cannot be resolved is the defining feature of the phenomenon?
Superb!
Thankyou
That is just.... beautiful.
Stephen is so passionate about it, I wish he tought me physics in university
11:39 talking about entropy...
Waitaminute -- I thought that the Young double-slit interference pattern indicated the set of possible outcomes for where the photon lands.
Did Wolfram just say that the photon could end up *nowhere*? Could he explain that a little further?
It makes sense that branchial space and exponential dimensions. One thing leads to another, and in a large enough system there's no way you'll arrive at some (identical!) future state by wildly divergent paths.
I mean, most branches will NOT lead to any merging -- the cookie dough will never unmix.
So branchial space is like a space of events connected by causal relationships, and Lagrangians causes deflections of causal relationships.
Lex, can you bring him on again, perhaps for several sessions, organized in such a way that each covers an aspect of what he's doing with the Physics project with a big picture overview first and then outline of each of the chapters that will follow. This will require some organization and discipline on his part as he knows so much he can go anywhere. I suppose this is probably more like a Great Courses format and will need to be explained and simplified for a knowledgable but not expert audience. Just a thought....
What I cannot buy in Wolfram's picture - and this applies to pictures of reality as a "simulation" too - is that time is something metaphysical, something outside and beyond the universe, rather than a physical thing. Reality (he says) evolves in time, rather than containing time.
I don't buy it, philosophically.
So what’s the difference between quantum mechanics and ordinary Brownian motion?
mind blowing thx😍
This man is a remarkable fountain of knowledge!
Wowwww tic tac example 🤯
Incredible.
I wonder what a multiway graph would look like and play like with sudoku. If tick tack toe has been done now maybe in time we will fast be able to find merges for sudoku the big question would be what if any sort of a big O speed up might be found. 4 by 4 sudoku should be easyish it would be nice to map how computational hardness in sudoku works this might be a good step towards that. One way to view a bit better a quantum environment is to map force with multi sourced vectors basically vector graphs that have multiple vectors coming off each point and you could map the merging and branching of flow using triangular curve maths basically progressing round from one radius length to another radius coming from the same center.
Quantum phenomenon is observed to be perfectly random, so if it's true that this indeterminism stems from different sequences of updates, why would the updates be perfectly random? In a computational framework, updates and ordering of those updates are generally not at all random.
The indeterminism is deterministic fractally
There is a lot packed into this clip, damn. I don't know which is more impressive: that a new math will likely be on its way soon, or that unifying quantum mechanics with physics seems to be imminent as well.
The full episode is just nuts. I've listened to it while note taking 3 times now - I did not realise I would lose two days to a podcast episode!
That was pretty exciting........
this is everything
I'm thinking a git version control graph viewed through a frame, ie transformed by linear algebra.
Deep respect!
Some good things going on in 2020. Keep it up team Wolfram! I may just have to get a spikey t-schirt :)
i have just by myself discovered branch hill space and by accident stumbled on this video. i think my reference frame gets gravitationally attracted towards a greater understanding in branch hill space. for tomorrow i will try to foureir transform the branch hill into physical space to swap reference frame with the other sex because i always follow what appeals to me in the media
So nice of him to visit the old man in his cell :D
Mindhunter season 3
Note how Wolfram refuses to drift off into tangents no matter how exciting or alluring they are. That's discipline of thought, no rambling but a straight line every time!
'We need a theory of infinitesimal change in fractional dimensional and dynamic dimensional space.'
Extrapolation from this final statement has got my mind tossing... Like, I'm REALLY stuck on it... Cause I am easily visualizing how this branchial space exists, and even how things move in it. Only thing is, I know I'm no where near educated enough to hold the same conceptual understanding of mathematics as a normal mathematician or physicist, so I can't make the connection of how to even start trying to put together a theory of change in what is essentially 'half' of a dimension. That's not a statement of 'Let us divide the answer by 2'! That's a statement of 'The half from our perspective, is the whole to the half dimension perspective'. Also, is the statement of creating a mathematics in dynamic dimensional space, essentially stating that 1 is both larger, and smaller, than 1? Or is the idea of 1 being an integer at all within dynamic space simply absurd? Also, here's the crazy part... Either way... Fractional or Dynamic, we're speaking about fluctuation in some manner of the value of an intensity. IE - 1/45th Dimensional Space needs mathematics that work in tandem with mathematics from another 1/45th Dimensional Space that has somehow fluctuated to being twice the value (or half the value) of the original 1/45th dimensional space. I mean, I can visualize how it would work so easily, but creating mathematics for it? WTF! SO MANY QUESTIONS!
These two seem even weirder, when you realize that the statement is metaphorically 'Trying to divide the coin in two'.
Fractional space is used in fractals. In a sense, Wolfram’s saying we need a calculus for spaces whose dimensions change continuously with time.
Right now, most people’s intuition about dimensions is a spatial one. I assume yours is too. So what if you can vary the amount of dimensions of a space continuously? Well, one generalization of spatial dimensions to fractional values is the Hausdorff dimension of a fractal. Most fractals don’t live in an integer amount of dimensions, rather in fractional ones.
Here is a list of fractals by their Hausdorff dimensions:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fractals_by_Hausdorff_dimension
Now why does he say this? I think this has something to do with the Hilbert space. Very loosely, the Hilbert space is a space has infinite dimensions but the between any two points is 1. It is used in quantum mechanics to represent probabilities. Why do you need infinite dimensions? Because there are infinite possibilities, and the probabilities of every single one of those must add up to 1.
But since General Relativity only has 4 dimensions, one would need a way to generalize that to infinite dimensions. To be fair, dimensionality’s not the only problem. Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity have the following differences:
In Quantum Field theory spacetime is discrete, whereas spacetime in General Relativity is continuous.
In Quantum Field theory, spacetime is cannot be changed, whereas in General Relativity, spacetime can deform continuously (in fact that’s the whole point)
Quantum Field Theory is all about probabilities, whereas General Relativity is about deformation.
What's Stephen doing in a cell block? SET HIM FREE
It's the asylum for the criminally insane, will stay there until RIP
What ?
@@CaliforniaCarpenter7 it's the set
Press Alt + .
Perfect way to think of differences between reality’s spaces is to imagine relativistic space as watching a wick laying on it’s side as it burns. While bronchial space would be watching the wick from head on or from top down, so all you see is the fire burning.
Both views describe the same reality at the same time but the energy transfer of burning provides the head on view a looser coupling in relativistic space and a greater quantum existence laying deeper in bronchial path space. And possibly also requiring a transitory locality in temporal space as the depression of quantum state collapse as traversal across the relativistic space exist as temporal location coordinates represented by fluctuations between relational vector computation entanglement
To the Ruliard moving through reality as from quantum to deterministic existence as a parallax of a hyper graph on a temporal hyper sphere equivalent to moving from one location to another location in relativistic space, which describes the same existence we experience. 🤯
9:03 - Cheeky bugger, I caught you! 😂
To prove they travel as a wave and a predictable one could an interference be inputted on one side to see if the photons emerge only on one side or hit the stop in a different pattern.
Great, I finally understand quantum mechanics.
Facinating
Branchial space is perfect for modeling the relationships of facts.
Will it explain why some people don't seem to understand cause and effect but still function?
Correct me if I am wrong. Assuming the universe began as one possibility (singularity) that branches into a multi way nodes and Wolfram concept that there is a collapse for each branch then the universe is finite and will end as it began and then begin again. Correct me if I'm wrong... I think the universe is part of a quantum computer processing branchial computations and then collapsing to generate the result to the algorithm being processed. My head is spinning.
Explanations should never be more complicated than the things they explain.
What do you mean?
Wow so calculus is just a stepping stone to the hopefully eventual discovery of the mathematics of the dynamics of infinitesimal fractional dimensions. Sounds like something that might be able to resolve pi, and maybe even the structure of the voxels of space-time itself.
I genuinely have had a theory over 30 years thats in line with what hes saying, basically spacetime at its smallest level is a folded over bit of 2.5d, trying to be 2D but failing, and it expresses the extra .5d as an oscillation Like a torus trying to shed surface area
Turns out... I need to listen to the whole thing again... Can't put my finger on the spatial coordinates of Where disentanglement of thought occurs or the branchial nodes of when...
Sounds like quantum amplitudes deflecting geodesics is similar to R.B.Fuller's Great Railroad Tracks of Energy in his Nuclear Computer in the Omni-directional Vector Matrix?
We have to come up with a calculous theory in fractional and dynamic space, just because it sounds cool and also impossible because you can't have linear approximations that are vectors or metrices in none integer dimension, just doesn't make sense!
Although... maybe it could be enough, that one might have to invent vector and matrix division 🤔
Great talk and terrific series Lex,
I've been working on my own hypothesis in the last 5 years, I called QEKD,
It's base on the SM and naturally unifies forces and solve the conflict between QM & GR.
The hypothesis accurately explains the features of QM, including the observer effect in a much more simple and deterministic way.
It contains also the "elementary computational rule". I've been trying to get Wolfram attention in the comments sections and sent
one email (03/08/20) with no reply.
The hypergraph model and the holographic principle in string theory have some aspect of reality but
the universe is not a hypergraph or a mathematical equation and it's much more beautiful and simpler.
Lex, would you consider reviewing the hypothesis and help in the case you find my work interesting?
Thank you all.
That explains deja vu.
The observable universe (from our perspective) is a projection or output of a higher-dimensional realm of (incalculably) greater possibilities.
Arguably, the 'connection' he's identified between QM and GR hasn't been identified beyond the path integral itself, which should not come off as 'surprising' whatsoever, since the path integral is essential to modeling motion in ANY space - be it Hilbert space, branchial space, 2d physical space, or full 4d GR metric space.
😐
@@AWES0MEDEFENDER nam sayin? it's like saying 'i found the link between GR and QM, it's CALCULUS' - wack