The Liberation of the Netherlands during World War II (1944 - 45)
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2024
- The liberation of the Netherlands in WW2 was everything but a walk in the park. Where France and Belgium were liberated fairly swift the allied forces suffered a defeat at Arnhem during Operation Market Garden. It wasn't a complete disaster since Eindhoven and Nijmegen were liberated. The Battle of Overloon followed. During Operation Pheasant the rest of Noord-Brabant was liberated. Then there was the successful, but gruelling Battle of the Scheldt (Slag om de Schelde). Because of the failure of Market Garden, famine struck the west of the country. This Dutch Famine (known as the Hongerwinter) claimed the lives of 20,000 Dutch people. Via Germany the allies entered the north of the Netherlands. The last battle that was fought was the Battle of Groningen. On May 5, the Germans signed the surrender in Wageningen. Still, there was war violence in the Netherlands. On the island of Texel the Georgian Uprising (Russenoorlog) claimed lives till 20th of May. This is how WWII in the Netherlands ended. Learn more about the ending of the Second World War in Holland.
History Hustle presents: The Liberation of the Netherlands during World War II (1944 - 1945).
Correction: during the Battle of the Scheldt the allies suffered 12,873 losses (according to Antony Beevor) which I rounded up to 13,000 but I said 130,000 which is incorrect.
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SOURCES
The Second World War (Antony Beevor).
Vrij! 75 Jaar bevrijding van Nederland.
De Volkskrant, 12 mei 2012.
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
VIDEO
Video material from:
• Video
La guerre en couleur - La libération de Paris
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"Division" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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"Evil March" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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"For the Fallen" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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Watch the LIBERATION SERIES:
THE LIBERATION OF FRANCE: czcams.com/video/QJ9mshYAH38/video.html
THE LIBERATION OF BELGIUM: czcams.com/video/Vh_GduTpjN8/video.html
THE CONQUEST OF WESTERN GERMANY: czcams.com/video/nqjVGk_qUqM/video.html
Correction: during the Battle of the Scheldt the allies suffered 12,873 losses (according to Antony Beevor) which I rounded up to 13,000 but I said 130,000 which is incorrect.
@Love is Power Thanks!
My father was in the Canadian Army and was part of the libration of Holland. I finally got him to tell me of his experience 50 years after the war (he wouldn't do so before this). He uncharacteristically started crying when he talked about seeing starving Dutch children. I had never seen him cry before.
Respect. Thanks for sharing this.
My father and Uncle served in Holland. One thing my generation learned in Canada growing up: Don't ask your dad or uncles about the war.
@@JeffLeChefski So very true! My father and uncle were Polish soldiers under British command and they would never discuss anything with their own children:- they would often be chatting noisily with their friends about various WW2 battles but if we children asked a question then suddenly they would "clam up" and say "We'll talk about it another time." which never seemed to come. Now we are trying to put together all that missing family history without any input from our parents:- my father actually lied about his age to join the Polish army much too young and we still don't know his true birth date because the official one on his military record is fake. There was a lot of psychic pain for them postwar and now at least they have a name for it:- PTSD but then it was just the "dragons and demons of war" haunting them. The biggest regret for us now is that we could have helped them with it if they told us more about it.
Great respect for the Canadians! They have been the main Liberators of the Netherlands but never got the credit the Americans and the British got. 🇨🇦🇳🇱🇨🇦
Yes, indeed.
As an American, it is a civic duty to jab at our Northern and Southern friends! I'm kidding.
In all seriousness, I learned how awesome we and our English friends were at kicking ass and taking names to liberate Europe. I learned more about Candian and Mexican contribution to the war effort, as an adult watching documentaries (many of which weren't by an American!) than all my years in public school!
The poor Canucks always got shafted. They got a lot of dirty jobs and very little credit. But they should've gotten used to that treatment from the Brits in WW1.
@Plamen Stoev Leo Major kicked the shit out of half the SS in Zwolle by himself. They packed up and left just like the losers they were because of 1 Canadian. The fact is the Canadian army defeated the German Army in the Netherlands and drove them out. You don't want to give them credit, who cares, the Dutch remember.
Lets go back to WW1 and see what the Canadians did to your douch-bag German army in the last 100 days. What a slaughter! 47 German divisions destroyed or in full retreat from that onslaught.
@@LuvBorderCollies "they should've gotten used to that treatment from the Brits in WW1"
Old, self-serving nationalists myths from Canada Aus etc. about the Great War die hard, I see.
My grandparents spoke of this time often. My grandmother ate Tulip bulbs that her mother had made into a sort of pancake - she experienced true hunger. It's hard to imagine. My grandpa was more fortunate, his family owned a bakery, and thru it all, they still had bread to eat. Thank you for your content - I cherish this channel as my grandparents are dead and I can no longer ask them questions about this stuff
Thanks for your comment. Although two of my grandmothers are still alive they're both very old by now. It is good to keep history alive, even when those who witnessed it won't be around forever. Cheers!
My grandfather liberated holland . That experience is the only one he would talk about. He often talked about hunger how bad it was
my great grandmother who sadly passed away last fall also told me stories of surviving off of daisies - truly surreal
YAY Canada! Holland still sends us boatloads of tulips every year on liberation day.🇨🇦
Didn't know that.
History Hustle Glad I could enlighten you!
Princess Margriet was born in Ottawa, Canada in 1943. , god parents are Canadian....we will be allied forever....hopefully. And they honour the Canadian dead in the war graves as their own, my uncle ‘s included. Thank you all ,to the Dutch people for their respect and friendship.👍
Mike Boate Well said!
I see them all the time in May in Ottawa. A reminder of what Canada did and what my dutch ancestors fled.
My hometown of 's-Hertogenboch (in the south of the Netherland), was liberated by a regiment of Wales and one of Poland. Last year that liberation was 75 years ago. There was a big celebration and the last surviving members of the Welsh regiment were there. I m a guide in the cathedra , Sint John's cathedral, and I was there during mass. It was something I will never forget. There were a group grandchildren of the liberators who said the names of those who died to give us back our freedom. It was a very beautiful sunny day, but at the moment they said the first name the sun went away. And these 4 very frail men were sitting there in front of us. We will be forever in their debt. A memorial stone was placed in the church to commemorate what they did for us and will be there for forever. As they will always be in our memories.
Thanks for sharing!
My father was in the 1st battalion East Lancashire regiment who also fought there as part of the 53rd division that liberated s-Hertogenboch.
My Father was with the 53rd Welch during the liberation, we visited the memorial to them on a trip across Europe in 2022.
We went into the cathedral as well.
@@ggarlick46 bless him!
My dad was one of the few lucky GIs who got to the Netherlands. He was in Rotterdam. Stephen Ambrose, the historian of GIs in the European Theater, took an unofficial and unscientific poll of the GIs he knew. He asked who they liked the best. For those lucky guys like my dad liked the Dutch best. Overall, the GIs liked the Germans best. The people they disliked the most. Wait for it. The French.
Interesting to know. Can't imagine why they didn't like the French the least...
Im Belgian. And I can completely understand why they disliked the French. They are soo arrogant
My Great Uncle Dennis Weber did not get to participate in the Liberation of the Netherlands, he was captured during the Battle of the Bulge. When the Allies liberated the camp on his Birthday he said, "That was the best Birthday present, I ever got!". He passed away of a stroke in 2011.
Hating the French seems universal 😂 yet we all cannot wait to go there for vacation.
there does seem to be a universal aversion to France. and this was not helped by the attitude of De Gaulle ( Roosevelt loathed him, but Churchill insisted he was the best choice for Free French leader and perfectly represented them , but he was a Francophile ) .. after ww2 the French insisted they had never been beaten!! ?? and had liberated themselves.. !!?? even in the 21st century when celebrating the D-Day anniversary the French president did not invite the UK PM of the day, Gordon Brown! - it was only at Barak Obama's insistence was a belated and grudging invite issued. incredible especially as Britons made up the MAJORITY of military personnel in the Normandy landings overall..
My grandfather and his brother fought in the Battle of the Scheldt with the Black Watch of Canada. Sadly, his brother, who was only 22, never returned home after being killed by a German grenade. He is buried at the Bergen Op Zoom cemetery. My grandfather was injured by that same grenade, but even though he survived, this haunted him for the rest of his life 😢
Many thanks for sharing this. I've visited the Bergen Op Zoom cemetery, it's close to my home town Roosendaal.
@Chris R.
Do you happen to know the circumstances of his death, and the date, time and location?
On behalf of you and your family I could visit his grave?
I grew up in the nearby village of Putte, in the 1970's and '80's(liberated on October 6, 1944), and heard several stories as a child from my parents about several fighting locations at the entrance to Zeeland, near the village of Woensdrecht.
We should build memorials at some of these battle sites, commemorating that Friday October the 13th, 1944.
As locals, we drive by some of these locations daily.
It sometimes puzzles me why we don't seem to do more to keep your memory alive and honor your sacrifice.
The war cemetery in Bergen op Zoom is beautiful. Was there a temporary cemetery that you know of, as there was one in Putte, called 'Sterrenbos' I believe, across from the castle/mansion 'Ravenhof' (Moretushof)
@@vincentstuker5507 From Canada: Don't be puzzled. It's because Canadians get the job done without a lot of bragging and publicity. Thank you for your input and your concern.
The allies tried to bomb the railway bridge in Deventer alot. But my grandmother said that there was a saying: you should hide underneath that bridge, because the allies never were able to hit it but bombed the city center instead with lots of casualties.
Thanks for sharing.
That was a great review of the battle Stefan. My Dad's last posting was in Breda. Royal Netherland Brigade(Princes Irene) he was on Bomb Disposal and Salvage till April 1946. I have his book, 'Holland and the Canadians' that was presented to him by his men. He was in Canada prior to hostilities and joined up with RNB in Stratford, Ont. in 1941. He was reserve as he was in the Dutch Army in WW1. My Grandfather(Utrecht) died in May 1945. Starvation, illness was to much for him. You had to scrounge for wood, even a casket he told me. Sad.
Thanks for your reply Colin.
My Uncle (who has passed on years ago) fought in the Canadian 1st Army Liberating the Dutch people from the Nazis in the Scheldt in Zeeland... he always used to tell me and my friends about the Wehrmacht unit who was surrendering to them after a quick fight, and an SS unit behind THEM opened fire with a machine gun on their own German countrymen for surrendering!!!
Sad story, thanks for sharing.
The SS must have learned that from the Russians.
@@BA-gn3qb Yes, true story... as soon as my Uncle would get to know someone he's tell that same story!!
@@TheSpritz0 - I didn't say it wasn't true.
Heck. The Russians also either killed or sent to the Siberian gulags any pow that was repatriated to Russia.
@Chase Thebag Mostly an excellent story!!!
I am a Canadian who married a girl from Eindhoven over fourty years ago. Her Father had told the story of being mad at the Germans for the bombing that caused plaster from the ceiling to fall into his soup. There home was close to the Philips factories where her Grandfather(Opa ) worked. It turns out, it was the British who were bombing the factories.
Thanks for sharing!
Great video! Can you make a video on the south eastern part and operation mallard in november 44 (to venlo) and the push to the maas with overloon? Grüße!
Your best yet, tells so much History about the Nederlands. Please keep those vidoes coming.
Thanks! Have you already checked out the playlist about Dutch history? It's here:
czcams.com/video/IcKwfAom7dU/video.html
Great video, I really like the detailed map of the allied offensive of the Netherlands. For me as a Pole it's sad that the the British government blamed the Poles for the failure of the operation. The overall British policy towards the Poles was really cynical, beside the fact that Poles were basically the only nation missing the London victory parade, the U.K government confiscated big part of the gold evacuated from Poland in 1939 as "compensation" for the usage of British airports during the battle of England. The fact that it was the Poles who broke the enigma code was only made public in 1999 when Poland joined NATO, before that the British claimed it. Anyway I digress, good luck with future videos I really enjoy them.
The Polish liberation of Breda also deserves more attention. The assault was deliberately done without artillery bombing in advance, thus minimizing civilian casualties. But it came at a great cost of Polish lives..
@@bavtie1 Stanislaw Macek is one of the greatest Polish generals of the second world war
Thanks for your comment Jan. Indeed, the Poles were screwed over by the British. A sad story.
@@HistoryHustle @ and more then once too .
the T.I.K. channel has some great detailed videos on operation "Market garden". where he dives into the real reason of its failure. (hint: Polish forces did what they could, and have nothing to do with why it failed.)
Ik kom zelf uit Breda, weer een zeer interessante video Stefan! Dank je wel
Top. Hoop in de toekomst in Breda nog eens te filmen.
@@HistoryHustle graag, ik heet jou van harte welkom en wil je best helpen filmen
Just stumbled onto your channel. Keep up the good work!
Nice! Welcome to the club. What kind of history are you most interested in?
@@HistoryHustle I love 20th century history! Especially post WW2 conflicts but WW2 as well!
Cool! I have a playlist of post WW2 conflicts right here:
czcams.com/video/A3RyJvYMYCk/video.html
@@HistoryHustle thank you so much!I've just subscribed
Great, good to have you on board! Hope you'll like the future content :)
That was very informative. Thank you. Please let me know if the closed captioning gets updated. I'm hearing impaired and could not follow everything that was said.
Thanks, Im gonna take a look at it for you.
My grandmother is still talking about the hongerwinter...
A sad history. What does your grandma tell you about it?
Under the EU you may see another
@@chrisdeal9945 why so? Is there any proof u can provide for your claim?
Lavi Calm down. I am sure he was only half joking 🙃
@@stevenguild2707man I personally kinda hate EU, but I hate when people claim something without providing source or something 😅
What an amazing video! Loved everything about it!
Many thanks!
saw you comment somewhere else,click on your name and now i have a whole new chanel to watch.thank you dude and have fun doing this
Thanks and welcome to the channel! What kind of history are you most interested in?
Great video, is there going to be one about Operation Chowhound?
One day there will be, cannot tell when.
Just found your channel. I was stationed at Schinnen Mijn near Maastricht. It was an ironic assignment for me, as I've always been a history student, and Gen Patton and his 3d Army came through this area on their way to fight it out at Achen. I come from Gen Patton's home town in Southern California.
Thanks for your message. Welcome to the channel!
Again , excellent work Stefan, some of this has come to me as an awful revelation, war is certainly hell.
Thanks for watching.
Love this channel keep up the good work
Many thanks, Peter!
An in-depth video about the battle of Overloon would be welcomed. One of the few major battles fought on Dutch soil.
I did not know about the battle for Groningen-stad. Thanks for that bit of history. I do know that er was a hard fought battle in Friesland when the Allies approached the Afsluitdijk.
Thanks Frank. Overloon might be covered later in detail.
Great stuff again stephan.
Again how can I help? Maybe a podcast one day us chatting away in English or Dutch about this war.
For now I'm good, thanks. Perhaps in the future!
My grandfather was there. RCEME...a Canadian unit.
Respect. Thanks for sharing.
They loved to build pontoon bridges.
I really enjoy your videos with an unapologetic way of factual history of WW II.
Many thanks! I invite you to watch some more of mine. What history are you most interested in?
love your channel
👍
It's good that you are bringing attention to the often-overlooked darker aspect of the liberation, the devastating collateral damage caused by the Allied forces. Which brings me back to the Polish forces, because (as one comment already pointed out) General Stanislaw Maczek, the commander of the 1st Armoured Division is known for making exceptional efforts to avoid the destruction of civilian lives and property, even at the risk for his troops.
Thanks for your comment once again. I do have to read up on Maczek and learn more about the Polish operations in the Netherlands, since this video was an overview.
Great Video! I love when people bring up the Canadian war effort in WW2 as it often gets overlooked in mainstream history. I'm fascinated by stories of soldiers holding out even after WW2 was officially over, and i'd like to know more about these soldiers holding out on the Dutch island till May 20th 1945.
Thanks for your message. At the end of this year a Dutch movie about the Battle of the Schelde will be released. It will also appear on Netflix I believe!
@@HistoryHustle Yes I heard about that! I cant wait to see it!
I was born in Velsen in December 1944. We were from Beverwijk and immigrated to the US in 1947. My parents didn’t talk about the war a lot but did talk about eating tulip bulbs during that hard winter. Thank you for this wonderful video. Very informative.
Many thanks Bernard! Interesting to read. Next weekend I will talk about the aftermath of WWII in the Netherlands. I think you will find that interesting as well.
Bedankt, ik kijk altijd met veel interesse. Dit terwijl ik door het oude front rij van Hoofdplaat
Dank voor het bericht, Gijs 👍
That was a great episode!
Thank you.
Interesting stuff my friend!
You're welcome, Tony.
At the end you’re checking if we have done our homework now? Thanks for yet another good video. I think of myself as more than average interested in history, but the map behind you makes me suspect there’s a lot more to know about the liberation of the Netherlands.
Yes indeed, there is much more to it. Even I learn new stuff through the 'bevrijdingsjournaal' on the CZcams page of the NOS and stories people share on this platform.
Thanks for watching and commenting.
very well made. complimenten!
Bedankt!!
Could you make a video about dutch tanks? There isnt really much info about dutch tank in ww2. Other then that good vid.
Not anytime soon. Not a tank person. Sorry.
Kindly, Where is the Church or building located that is at 4:00 ?
Interesing as always !
😁👍
Can I ask where you got that poster of the liberation of the Netherlands on the left?
Dutch eBay. It's called Marktplaats.
Wow! Stefan, you created a great summary of the Liberation of Holland. I knew a little about this because I am a fan of the movie A Bridge too Far, but also my daughter grew up in Den Haag and went to college in Maastricht .I am American with Dutch adjacent roots. Pater familias left via Rotterdam in 1649 but the name has origins in the Palatinate . I have no excuse for my ignorance.
Many thanks for your reply.
Thank you, you are explaining things I have wanted to know about all my life. I grew up in Canada and later Australia. My father and his family are from the Netherlands and lived through all this. Later they moved to Canada. My mother is Canadian. I have always wanted to know more about my family's history on my father's side. We only were told a few entertaining or amusing stories about if of the kind suitable for children and not the much about the more unpleasant things they must have seen and experienced. I'm fairly sure the adults would have discussed those kinds of things when us kids were out of hearing range. Now that I'm getting old myself I am really interested learning more about in that part of our history.
Thanks for your reply. Hope to cover seperate battles in the future.
For some reason I have not seen much film from the battle for the Scheldt. It barely gets any coverage at all. Do you know why that might be? Do you find much film from it? I'd be interested to see you go into more in-depth coverage of this important fight.
The film was to be released a few weeks ago. Because all cinemas closed - due to the pandemic - this didn't happen. It will be released on Netflix. When I don't know.
It’s because there were very few British and American soldiers involved. When they celebrated the opening of the port of Antwerp the Canadians weren’t even invited to the celebrations even though they made it happen. Many battles that the British claimed as victories were fought by Commonwealth troops but the British called them their own. The Dutch people are the ones who really knew what happened and when.
@@rowzielynwho202
British and Commonwealth came under the umbrella of _British._
Very little coverage of the Canadians for the Battle of the Scheldt. Probably because Montgomery amd Patton were always fighting each other for headlines. Egos supreme.
In my line of work I often talk to civilian survivors of the battle for the Netherlands, mostly from Groningen. The stories they tell are heartbreaking as most have lost family or friends during that time, some to stray bullets, some due to German reprisals or sometimes just because someone wanted something to shoot at during the retreat east.
Thanks for sharing. Sad to lose lives towards the very end of the war.
Struggel. 😂I love the Dutch accent during impeccable English. Great channel Stefan. Shocking losses on the Canadian side.
👍
hi history hustle. during the german occupation of the netherlands, was the ss or the gestapo deployed in amsterdam/ almere area? which one was it? any information on the units involved? who were the key officers?
Can't tell, sorry.
I'm glad that you mentioned the Polish soldiers. I'm almost 50 and during the cold war (at least at my school) they didn't mentioned it. My teacher told us when I was 12, that we should be grateful to the Americans, Canadian and English because they liberate us. I asked him, and what about the Polish? He went nuts, and told me to shut up. At that time I was living in Stadskanaal (Groningen) and I knew from my dad that we were liberated by the Polish (General Maczek). Nowadays it is very easy to see who liberate Stadskanaal, the biggest square is called 'Generaal Maczekplein' and there is a monument for the fallen Polish soldiers.
What I didn't know was that there were landings of French troops in Drenthe, I thought there were only troops from Canada, Poland and Belgium.
Thanks for sharing.
@@HistoryHustle graag gedaan, we delen dezelfde 'hobby'. Ik weet trouwens nog wel een onderwerp waar je niet veel van kunt vinden op youtube en ook te maken heeft met de 2e wereldoorlog, maar zeker niet minder interessant qua geschiedenis. Dat zijn de zogenaamde 'Emslandlagers'. Er waren 15 van dit soort kampen, net over de grens van Groningen en Drenthe. Het wordt vaak 'vergeten' vanwege de grote kampen, maar daar zijn verschrikkelijke dingen gebeurd, ook tegen anders denkende Duitsers.
Onbekend onderwerp voor mij. Wellicht iets voor in de toekomst.
Canada had the 1st Canadian Army in NW Europe. With a low population they were short one Corps and one Division. Britain placed a Corps, usually the 7th or 30th British. 2nd
Canadian Corps had as a permanent division, the 1st Polish Armoured Division.
@@tedkrasicki3857 Polish 1st armored dovision was the only one unit what direct blocked retreat of germans in Falaise pocket
Thanks for an excellent video!
My mother was Dutch and was a teenager there during the occupation, mainly in or near Amsterdam, they moved about a few times, I still have family there near Den Haag.
During the Hunger Winter they were in Amsterdam so my Oma decided there wasn’t enough food there and had a relative or friend I think in Gytsjerk near Leeuwarden, where there was more food available from the farms around there. They cycled from Amsterdam up there and stayed there till the end of the war.
Apparently my mother’s eldest sister also cycled up a few days after them but came up with another young man who disguised himself as a woman to avoid being picked up and shipped off by the Germans!
I still have an SS Tunic button my mum found in Amsterdam when she was playing there that she had kept all this time.
Great video, at last a total story about the liberation of the Netherlands. Two questions: 1. Can you leave a link to the map you used, I've never seen that before. 2. When u get into the liberation of Zeeland, can you please give some attention to the struggle about Kapelsche veer (nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strijd_om_Kapelsche_Veer). An unknown heavy fight, for a bridghead with as much as 3 or 4 houses.
Thanks Harco, the Battle for the Kapelsche Veer is something for the future. If you type in "bevrijding kaart wo2" you'll probably find it.
Fate vidio ik heb weer wat geleerd vandaag en ik had een vraag kan je een keer een vidio maken over het bloedbad van katyn
Dank! Graag zou ik naar naar Katyn zelf willen afreizen. Afgelopen zomer was ik in Kharkiv (Oost-Oekraïne) waar ook veel Polen zijn omgebracht toen. Ik benoem het bloedbad wel in deze video:
czcams.com/video/vxhjphZd1nE/video.html
Oja die ga ik straks kijken ik kwam toe valige op die vraag om dat in mei het eindigde en het is nu 80 jaar geleden dus daarom kwam ik met deze vraag maar toffe vidio
Top video! 🎵Trees heeft een Canadees🎶
👍
My uncle was in the Canadian army and was part of the liberation of the Netherlands. He was in the 17th Duke of York regiment, 7 RECCE attached to the 3rd Canadian division. He would never talk about his experiences and now that he is gone only videos such as this gives me any insight to his participation.
Thanks for your reply.
Hi Stefan. From what I have heard and remembered, there were als Dutch soldiers who were dropped during . This may not have come through in your video, because there was officialy no Dutch Army at that time. I do remember hearing something about the Prinses Irene Brigade. Don't know much about it, however. Maybe it's worth looking in to. Great video's.
My grandparents from my father's side lived near the Grebbeberg area during the war. I can't tell you about what they did during the war, because they never spoke about it. Can't ask them anymore.
What I have heard from my father though, they were in the resistance and that's all I know.
Maybe in the near future I'd like to go to the Grebbeberg area to see more.
Thanks for your comment. The Grebbeberg is also a nice area to visit for a walk.
@@HistoryHustle I know. I've been there a few times but not recently. May combine it with a visit to Ouwehands Zoo (which is a very good one imho) but it'll have to maybe be later this year. Weather is still to hot for me for long walks.
Read an account awhile back that it was the leader of a Dutch underground cell that tipped off the Nazis about Operation Market Garden. He was hunted down after the war and finally captured, tried and hanged.
Will you cover the battle of bastogne?
One day, but I do talk about it in this video in case you're interested:
czcams.com/video/Vh_GduTpjN8/video.html
My uncle was a Sergeant in the Can Army and fought to help free the Dutch.
Respect.
My grandad was in the British army and landed on the Normandy beaches and was there to help liberate Holland. When he was the there he met my Granny making clothes out of parachutes :)
Respect! Thanks for sharing, Neil. What did your grandad tell you about his experiences?
@@HistoryHustle Unfortunately he died in 1998 and he was interested in WW2 history and I even got his books after he died. Shockingly after he died we found out he was the co-founder for the North Highlands Normandy Veterans Association. Every year he organized the trips to Normandy to pay his respects with his colleagues as well as many other events regarding the NVA! On one occasion back in 86/87 when I was in the Marine Cadets he attended a Remembrance day with us with other veterans. I will contact my uncle as he himself is a veteran and as well as wearing his medals he wears grandads one's to for remembrance. He is working on a family tree and I will get more info!
Thanks for sharing!
Dankie Stefan dit is heel - heel intresant. In Zuid-Afrika was die posisie visa verse. As Duitsland wen, kon ons van Engeland se beheer uitkom. My Opa [J.J, Nel (1909-1973)] is deur die Engels regering in geperk. So was 1/4 van die oud-Nederlandse koloniste bevolking ook ingeperk. Dankie vir die "detail map".
Bedankt voor je bericht!
I understand you cannot use the 'official' flag of the Germans, due to CZcams taking a hissy fit, but thank you using the correct one for Canada and acknowledging the Poles.
Back when I made this video this was tricky. Now it's OK actually.
As an American now living in the Netherlands it's great to learn about the war from a Dutch perspective! Thank you Stefan
You're welcome. Cheers you also spell my name correctly ;)
Im American and my girlfriend lives in the Netherlands. Was it hard to immigrate, learn dutch, find work? I'm considering moving but I need advice.
I have to ask Stefan; was any of your family caught in the air raids by the allies or axis powers during the war?
Not directly. I do remember my grandfather (who passed away in 2006) remembering telling me he had to clear rubble from a bombed building and found limbs and stuff. Was fairly young. Wish I would've asked more questions.
I wish a had you as my history teacher in my school time!
😊👍
Great video and thanks for showing the proper Canadian flag, the beautiful, late lamented Red Ensign. I was 9 when the corporate logo maple leaf flag was adopted in '65. Didn't like it then, don't like it now. They could have, at least, made the leaf part of it the natural leaf that is on Canadian military grave stones. That would have meant something, but the simplified graphic style of the current flag was all the rage in the mid 60s. I have a flag pole in my yard and the Red Ensign is the only flag on it.
Thanks for replying!
Yeah, I always feel good when I see the Red Ensign on these WW II maps. I always fly mine on Dominion Day.
Get over it dude and move on. Time we split from the Brits.
very good video great job. by the way greeks had a similar famine and typhus in winter 1941-1942 and 1942-1943.
Thanks for your reply. Yes, the Greeks suffered terribly in WWII.
Hello History Hustle! Recently came across your small channel and I am impressed. It’s rare you get to hear about the war from the perspective of the Dutch. I’m a British Canadian, and we ere always taught that the Dutch love Canadians as ours were the troops who liberated your people.
I have a suggestion, would you do a video on Dutch collaboration with the Germans? I saw an interview with an ex Waffen-SS soldier back in the 80’s and one of the things he said that stood out to me was “Many people think the SS was only German. It wasn’t. There were particularly large amounts of Dutch, Danes, Norwegians, French, & Finns. The extent to which they aided our war effort has been lost to history.” I knew that these nations had supported the Germans to various degrees but the official numbers are smaller than this SS soldier seemed to imply. You never really hear about their stories. So I think you should do a video on Dutch volunteers & collaboration! Perhaps you will know more. Thanks for the great content!
Dear Eric, thanks for your comment. Great you are interested in these SS volunteers since I will make video's about the units, starting with Dutch and Norwegian volunteers. Expect these video's early Summer. Cheers!
After the British landings in Arnhem the Germans and also the Dutch SS were improvising. In the recent book by Anthony Beevor I was surprised to learn how big the role of the Dutch SS was in beating the British. On the east front Dutch SS mainly fought in Latvia. Given the circumstances militarily they did rather well. see www.waffen-ss.nl/nedgesch-e.php.
@@roodborstkalf9664 Good comment. Years ago I saw an interview with a veteran of the Arnhem battle. He claimed that many of the "German" forces were actually Dutch. That was the one and only time I've seen that mentioned until now. Rather ironic IMHO.
@@LuvBorderCollies : Thanks. If I remember correctly, the troops west and northwest of the British were for a large part Dutch, the troops north, northeast and east of the British were nearly all German. That makes sense. In what I read in Beevor's book the Dutch troops were a mixed assortment, guards from a nearby concentration camp (Amersfoort), some reserves, people nearby working in administration f.i. for the Luftwaffe, and also teachers from military schools with quite a few of their students, mostly boys in their mid teens. The last group I found strange since I had never heard of this before. In the years around 1980 a number of SS-guys wrote their memoirs, but these guys all fought at the East front, active participation in the battle of Arnhem was never mentioned, at least not in my recollection.
It was an allied effort the liberation. The action of the Royal Marines daring assault on the Scheldt after the Canadians were halted arguably was the key success to the operation.
where is the church located at 4:00 ?
Hi Mr Hustle, my father lived in Den Haag during the hunger winter and has told me many stories about that and the invasion of Holland... let me know if you want to know more. Thanks for all your work. My mother is German. How did that happen... another super interesting story.
Intereting, feel free to share! Love to know more about it.
@@HistoryHustle My father was 10 when the war started and 15 when it finished. He was shot at many times and had a hand grenade thrown at him once. He also nearly starved to death in Den Haag. He suffered most of his life with night mares. As a child i sometimes heard him screaming out at night. His night mares stopped once he wrote a book about his life which included those war years. I am sure he was not alone. I could give you many instances that are very interesting about the wars years. Too many to write here I think but here's an interesting one. Dad and friends were kicking a football around in a field near the Peace palace. They heard a plane. It was a Mosquito bomber circling , then it went into a dive, as it flew between the towers of the palace it released a bomb. My dad and friends watched it fly over the gardens in-front of the palace and entered the front door of a house opposite the palace. It blew the house and its contents to bits of course. To their surprise thousands of bits of paper flew into the air and spread like snow over the surrounding area. The the mosquito turned and headed for my fathers group and tried to machine gun them. They were playing next to a building where Nazi soldiers lived so the pilot must have thought that my dad and friends where Nazi soldiers relaxing. The house turned out to be a Nazi center of records about the Jews in this part of Holland. Every bit of paper had the name and address of a Jewish family. Nazi soldiers rushed out and made all the locals pick up the papers, my father and friends also. Of course everybody had to do what they were told but many records disappeared as people filled their pockets or destroyed these records as best they could.
Another story involves a Fokker G1 and a bible with a bomb splinter stuck through it. Thanks again Mr Hustle for your work I look forward to the next one.
Very interesting to read these personal acounts. Many thanks for sharing!
Great video! As a Pole, l was obviously especially pleased to by mentioning of the Polish troops but the most interesting part was probably that about the Georgian uprising on Texel.
Thank you, Artur. It's a very interesting topic, about the Georgians on Texel. I had plans to visit Texel a few weeks back and shoot a video on location. Due to the current crisis I have to postpone that.
Artur M. From one Canadian’s point of view, I think the Polish Army was the most underrated army in the whole war. While I have read a lot about the war, my great uncles who was there, had nothing but great things to say about the Polish soldiers. They can be very proud of their contribution to the war effort.
I hoped you would have crossed the t and dotted the i and mentioned Schiermonnikoog which is a Dutch island liberated on the 11th of June because the Canadian forces in the area opted for a negotiated surrender of the German garrison there.
I see, was there a battle there?
@@HistoryHustle No battle. Just a technicality of a military presence not officially surrendered.
Herkenbaar wat je zegt over de slachtoffers van de bombardementen, Stefan. Mijn opa is omgekomen bij een geallieerd bombardement op de Wilhelmina haven in Vlaardingen in 1943. In deze zware tijd mocht mijn oma het gezin (11 kinderen, those were the days) alleen groot brengen. Ook zij is een held !
Tragisch om te horen. Een zware tijd inderdaad. Dank voor het delen!
My father was born in BIERVLIET and immigrated to Halifax at the age of 9. My grandfather fought for the Netherlands in WW1. My grandfather had a savvy sister that managed to sponsor most of her brothers to come to work in the silk mills in Paterson NJ. My dad and I visited his uncle in BIERVLIET in the early. 90s.
When I was at NATO meetings in Munich the officer from The Hague area would speak and my father could not understand most of what he said .
He brought this up to the man , when the man found out where dad was from , the man said “ you are Belgian “ and laughed ,
When we got to BIERVLIET my dad started recognizing the language spoken by gas station attendants etc … and that is when we discovered our “Flemish “ roots .
My dad said they were dirt poor … I often wonder what spurred that immigration after WW1 … maybe recovery was difficult ?
We didn’t stay long , dad found it to be cold, grey , and there was only so much eel and beets he wanted to eat 😂.
I was craving a salad … which although readily available in the early 90s in USA was , not so much , in those parts of Europe 😂.
Thank you for sharing this.
Do your air raid casualty figures include all the deaths from V-1 and V-2 strikes, especially on Rotterdam?
My dad served I the🇨🇦army. 44-47 North west Europe. He never talked about his time there. He did say he loved Holland❤️
Thank you for sharing.
My granddad never talked about the war either, the only thing I know is that he was part of the Dutch underground resistance. For me as a Dutch, I can not put into words how grateful I am for what your dad and other Canadians did for our country. I'm 25 years old and didn't experienced world war 2 myself but even after all those years it means so much to us. Ofcourse Im grateful to other countries as well but Canada will always be special to us.
@@liesannedepanne we love the Netherlands ❤️🇨🇦
Zou u een aflevering kunnen maken over de bevrijding van Zwolle, Leo Major is een van mijn grote helden maar hij krijgt te weinig erkenning, ik ben dol op uw video bedankt voor het vele leerstof!!!
Zeker interessant! Kan echter geen beloftes doen over wanneer deze video er komt helaas.
@@HistoryHustle dat is helemaal begrijpelijk, ik kijk uit naar uw volgende video!
👍
Thanks Stefan for doing this series, as a foreign born Dutchman (Parents emigrated to NZ in the 1980's), I learnt nothing of the history of the country sadly, beyond what I can find out myself. My fathers family lived in Noord Brabant and were liberated early during market garden, but mothers family were in the north of NL and were not. The differences in their lives during 44-45 was shocking for me to learn. Thank you again for all you do with this channel, thanks for teaching me about the country I still consider my homeland, keep it up please.
Thanks for watching and placing a comment. Very interesting to read. If you're interested in Dutch history you've come to the right channel.
Here's a playlist about Dutch history:
czcams.com/video/IcKwfAom7dU/video.html
Thank you for this informative video, especially for the participation of the Canadians. I work as a French teacher for immigrants in Montreal. The curriculum includes not only teaching of the language, but also basic knowledge about Canadian history and culture. When I explained the origin of the Tulip Festival in Ottawa (Princess Margriet was born in Ottawa in 1943), I tried to tell my class also about the heroic resistance of the Dutch against the Nazis. I must have been good : when asked to produce a list of the countries that fought as allies of Canada in WW2, many of my students put as number 1: La Hollande...
Merci!!
@@HistoryHustle Je vous en prie.
I will be doing the Amsterdam Marathon in a few weeks, I can't wait to visit some of these site.. In 2 years my friends and I will be doing our version of the Band of Brothers tour.. starting in England and ending a month later at the Eagles Nest..
Good luck with the marathon 💪
My grandpa had so many stories, he was on the run during the hongerwinter, from kamp Amersfoort to Apeldoorn on an empty stomach. He witnesses many things and was a rare figure who spoke about it a lot. The longer they are gone the more questions I have for that generation of bad asses. The sad thing is, bith my grandparents were having flashbacks as they were dying. It was only then that I realised it never ended for them.
Sad to read, Nico. Thanks for sharing this.
My grandparents always talked about 2 allied air attacks on the city of Zutphen. The first was on 28 september 1944. Target was a big German ammunation train standing near Zutphen station. The second attack was on 14 october 1944. Target was the IJssel bridge. Many bombs were misdropped and landed in the city center. 92 civilians instantly died because of the attack. At the and the casualty rate was higher because several wounded people died later because of their wounds and several people were missing and were never found back.
Sad to hear, thank for sharing.
Have you ever heard the story of the footballclub TPO?
It's a footballclub from Moerdijk, in North Brabant, and as such, this town was already liberated. Towards the end of the war as the country was being liberated, allied bombers accidently bombed Moerdijk, mistaking it for the wrong town.
And around that time, this footballclub was founded amongst the ruins of the town. Hence the name TPO or "Tussen Puinhopen Opgericht", or in English... "Founded Amongst Ruins".
I always loved that story.
Okay, never heard of it, thanks for sharing this.
het gevecht in Overloon was ook wel operatie Aintree was zo hard dat gallieerde noemde dat erger was dan in Cean. (de museum bezocht)
bij de slag om de Schelde waren ook Belgen aanwezig in Westkapelle en Oostkapelle, maar de overstroming ging niet zo snel ging hebben zij de gat ook nog groter gemaakt.
maar het ging wel lastig ja om de schelde veroveren.
bij Groningen wist ik ook heftig ging want mijn overgrootmoeder (de moeder mijn oma van mijn moederskant) had geschreven in de dagboek hoe het ging in Bierum. mijn oma ging speciaal terug uit Amsterdam om hun ouders bezoeken omdat mijn oma in het verzet zat. ze had een boerderij en daar was echt nauwelijks over gebleven. als eerste toen zij terug kwamen gingen zij snel werken aan het land om zo voedsel als eerst binnen gekomen dan de woning werd herstelt. het had nog 10 jaar geduurd dat de woning herstelt werd (uit de oude foto's van mijn opa's fotoalbum)
sorry dat ik geschreven had. maar geschiedenis en tweede wereld oorlog is voor mij zo herkenbaar omdat ik extreem jonge leeftijd geleerd hebt en enigste die nog verdiept erin en daarom ik nu de geschiedenis van mijn opa in kaart wil brengen om zo toch blijft herinnerd worden.
Dank voor het delen van je familiegeschiedenis tijdens WOII. Erg interessant om te lezen. Het museum in Overloon heb ik lang geleden ooit eens bezocht, moet er weer eens heen gaan.
@@HistoryHustle zeker doen want hun expositie is enorm uit bereid erdoor en ook erg mooi gemaakt. alleen ik hoop dat hij niet failliet raakt want ze hebben erg moeilijk door de Corona situatie
Interesting history, I would surely want to learn more about the Dutch hunger period
I talk about it in this video:
czcams.com/video/776LXzMw3eQ/video.html
An indepth episode might be made in the future.
As a Canadian we are taught in school of the legendary gratitude and appreciation of the Dutch people to the sacrifice and lives of the brave Canadian troops , we are told of teachers having school children write reports of the lives of dead soldiers names from the local war graves and having them tend to said graves . The Dutch Government even flew and put up Canadian veterans over for anniversary celebrations . However in this video I get a sense of criticism over how long the liberation took and how much collateral damage their was , To this I respond . We got there as soon as we could and as to damage .....The Germans were much harder to conquer in Holland than the Dutch where .
The gratitude must be the main focus for sure. As a Dutch person I do feel this gratitude deeply. And rest assured this gratitude is demonstrated at commemorative events every year, and with increasing interest due to the 75th anniversaries of events in 1944 and 45. The interest and respect will hopefully increase as people realize we are losing all living witnesses to the events.
I doubt any soul there would blame the Allies for the collateral damage and the loss of civilian lives due to Allied actions. These were always strategic bombings or accidents, not terror bombing campaigns.
However, for the historian it's also important to name the facts and not beat around the bush. The fact that more Dutch people died from Allied bombings than from German ones must surely be attributed to the brevity of the 1940 invasion campaign as opposed to the 44-45 liberation. But the fact remains anyway. In Holland it is culturally normal to state these things in a direct manner. There is no accusation behind it.
Quit yer whining - he was just giving the facts. I hate it when my fellow-Canadians start sulking when they aren't being praised - it's embarrassing.
Thanks for your message. Gratitude yes. But as a historical a critical look at things should be done always.
@@HistoryHustle true
@@quasimododisney8765 sulking when not being praised ??? Canada is far from being a country that seeks praise ?? Are you new here?
Good video. Both my parents suffered from the bombardments and the famine (hongerwinter). My mother also survived the Alied bombardment on the Bezuidenhout . This bombardment was meant for the Haagse Bos , where the Germans launched there V1 rockets to England . She stayed afraid for the sound of large airplanes the rest of her live. My father told me about the shooting in Amsterdam centre, where he lived, during Dolle Dinsdag.
The final goal of Market-Garden is somewhat disputed. The main goal would have been what you told. Also historians said the goal was the split the German defences in the Netherlands by breaking through to the Ijselmeer. Thereby isolating the German troops in the south- west in order to open the Schelde as fast as possible. Wonder what you think about this Theorie.
That's interesting - but with the river geography it would have been difficult for the Germans in North or South Holland to reinforce the garrisons in Zeeland. The stated aim of allowing for a drive through to Schleswig-Holstein remains the most likely.
Thanks for your comment Paul. Family's history is always very fascinating to read. About Market Garden I cannot tell yet. In the future I will make an indepth episode on location and then I'll dive more into it.
I have a book about Canada liberating the Netherlands 🇨🇦🇳🇱
Interesting!
Is it called "maple leaf up"?
If so be verry carefull with it, its pretty rare and expensive!
But a verry Nice book with a lot of local details.
I used to spend my vacation time in and around Nijmegen. I went on some of Four -Days Marches with the KNBLO.
Must've been a great experience.
@@HistoryHustle my feet hate me and have never forgiven me.
I used to speak Dutch well but have forgotten most due to misuse.
Thank-you
You're welcome!
My grandfather was part of the 1st Canadian Army, 1st Field Park Company, Royal Canadian Engineers. His company spent the winter of 44/45 in Grave, ND. The bridge over the river Meuse in this town was first taken by the US 82nd Airborne. I may be wrong, but I think the 1st Canadian Army relieved them and then held that area.
Thanks for sharing this.
Ty
👍
What was the final Dutch town liberated?
Well, the island of Texel i believe, there was fighting till 20 may(so well after the actual german surrender) there was an georgian/german battalion stationed there, but the georgian soldiers started a mutiny against there german commanders back in February but it dragged on till 20 May and was only ended because the canadians arrived there
Nvm he mentioned it at the end:)
That must indeed be Texel yes.
didnt the allies gave the Germans back their guns on texel after they surrendered, so they the Germans could execute the Georgians?
@@svnnl4832 not sure about that, but in Amsterdam this happened: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_May_1945_German_deserter_execution
Truly a sad story and I still do not have a grip on the mindset of the allied commander who allowed this.
God also created wars to make the world even more interesting, Great video, Stefan...
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I am Silesian and unfortunately my father was on the other side of the barricade. He was not at the front in the Netherlands but at his post in Kristiansand, Norway. It was a bit quieter there, but it was also a horror. In 1944, returning from leave, he was in a convoy of five ships that was attacked by the Allies on the Hamburg - Kristiansand route. The attack was all night. Only one ship made it to Kristiansand. My father was lucky.
U mentioned us again! Yes! XD
I think it has become second nature...
@@HistoryHustle XD.
Top show
👍
Paraphrasing from memory;
I believe Gen. Eisenhower said something like, "Anyone can do tactics or strategy, the real genius of war is logistics."
Civilians often have trouble grasping the limits of logistical supply problems.
Fair point.
My parents lived through the Hongerwinter and my dad, as a kid, smuggled communiques and stole food where he could. My mom vividly remembers German soldiers coming to her flat to ask for food, and to this day refuses to speak a word of German.
Thanks for sharing this.
great video, im very glad you noted the damage caused by the Allied forces. i believe the city of Enschede was bombed too, the Allies claimed pilots mistook it for the German city if Münster. Im from Arnhem myself, and every year we commemorate operation market garden, often reminding us of all the damage done to Arnhem. but when i looked into it more , i found out that it wasnt the German that destroyed the city , but "pissed off" allies forces that did so, After! operation Market garden failed. (they claimed they still believed Fieldmarshall Model was in Arnhem) and out of frustration.
I didnt know about "the last" stand in Groningen. great stuff , keep it up
Thanks for your comment. Other people commented about Enschede as well.
Svn NL Sounds like BS
It's a pitty that you don't mention why Operation Market Garden was a failler. It was beceause of Hell's highway (also the corridor named) which wasn't open all the time. After the liberation of Uden the Germans had made an counter attact near Veghel / Sint Oedenrode / Son. This was a succes because the road has been blocked for a couple of days. This delayed the allies to much, so most of the them were to late near Nijmegen / Arnhem.
Thanks for the addition, perhaps something for a future video.
actually, it failed because 82nd Airborne didn't take their primary objectives on day 1. They DID take the bridge at Grave, but not the one at Nijmegen. XXX Corps were at Grave at 08:20 on the morning of 19th September, so only about 40 hours after they set off. They were not too slow, like is so often what gets said although I realise YOU have not accused them of being slow. It's true that the road was cut several times and that elements of the Guards units were sent back to reopen the road, but that didn't stop the advance. Not having a bridge to cross stopped the advance. Keep in mind that 43rd Wessex & 50th Northumbrian were also with XXX Corps so there was sufficient units in the advance element to have continued.
@@sean640307
The road from Eindhoven to Arnhem was empty. It was largely empty 40 hours after the jump. The only real opposition north of Eindhoven was the gap between the US 101st and US 82nd. They failed to meet up. XXX Corps pushed the Germans aside.
@@johnburns4017 yep, but that doesn't stop the usual comments about XXX Corps being too slow, etc, unfortunately. As you and I have mentioned on many of these pages, XXX Corps did very little wrong in the overall scheme of things. The only thing that could be potentially criticised is their halt for the night at Valkernswaard. There is an argument that perhaps they could have dropped the Irish Guards to the back of the line and brought forward the Grenadier Guards (or was it the Coldstream Guards that was next in line? I can't remember, to be honest!)
@@sean640307
Stopping at Valkernswaard south of Eindhoven was in the plan. The thousands of vehicles had to muster before moving off up the road from Eindhoven to Arnhem.
*From 21st Army Group Orders:*
Final point of PHASE I:
(f) The Div may *conc* SOUTH of EINDHOVEN in areas of the CL *preparatory* to further adv.
*conc* = concentration area:
Which is an area, usually in the theatre of operations, where troops are assembled before beginning, or continuing, active operations.
It says: *_preparatory_* _to further adv._ adv = advance.
So, on phase 1 they were to concentrate South of Eindhoven before _(preparatory)_ to advancing. That is clear.
When concentrating that is gathering all vehicles in one location. Vehicles will still be moving into this concentration location at 35 vehicles to every mile of the train at a _hoped_ 10 mph. If the vehicles move at 10mph from the starting point the lead vehicles should be south of Eindhoven in 1 hour. But the lead have to stop to concentrate. And 35 vehicles in each mile at a _hoped_ 10 mph are pouring into the concentration location. It does not say how many vehicles have to be in the concentration area before moving off again.
Now onto phase 2. Phase 2 clearly states that it will start at 1st light on *D+1.* It says:
_PHASE II: (a) The Div will continue the adv_
That is advance after phase 1 is concluded of course. To continue the advance you have to be stopped. Phase 1 concludes south of Eindhoven as the force _concentrated._ Clear.
The document says a _hoped_ 10 mih (10mph), but not for phase 1 as the forces are concentrated south of Eindhoven at end of phase 1. South of Eindhoven is approx 11 miles from the start point. It only expects 11 miles of advance in the first 5 hours, which is understandable as German forces formed a line in front of British forces at the northern British front on the Belgian/Dutch border.
So, on D-day XXX Corps have to get to Eindhoven which is 11 miles and depending on _tactic conditions_ it is _hoped_ they will move at 10 mph when moving north from Eindhoven.
XXX Corps were *not slow.* They maintained the less than a _hoped_ speed of movement, but clearly what was realistically expected. The only times they did not move were due to the US 101st and 82nd, when both failed to seize bridges, which was out of XXX Corp's control. XXX Corps had to seize the bridges themselves or create the bridge (Bailey bridge).
When XXX Corps turned up at Nijmegen at 0820 at D+2, given the approx 11 hour delay at Zon when the 101st failed to seize the bridge, they were near enough at an expected rate of movement. Less than _hoped,_ but clearly adequate to complete the operation.
Please, please please do am episode on sep 30 to oct 2 1944. The Putten raid. My father was a child when this happened and he did not want to talk about it, so only know a bit.
I understand. I will cover it in the future, but please do understand it is not on my to-do-soon list.
I love your videos .... I will love you personally 😊 if you publish a video about Spaniards in Eastern Front .... or maybe not, it depends 😊
Will do in the future. Can't say when!
@History Hustle : thanks a lot