How a gyroscope guides a rocket

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  • čas přidán 13. 06. 2024
  • In this video we examine the peculiar properties of a toy gyroscope and show how they were harnessed to stabilise and guide the WWII German V2 rocket and the USA's giant Saturn V that took humans to the Moon.
    00:00 Introduction
    00:17 firework rocket launch
    00:45 Active principle
    01:14 The hovering V2 rocket
    02:07 Brains of the rocket?
    02:20 V2 Gyroscope guidance
    03:14 Carbon jet vanes
    03:31 Looking at V2 Gyros
    04:56 Toy Gyroscope
    07:52 Build a rocket gyro
    08:58 The demonstration
    09:51 Gimbal-lock
    10:17 Measurement
    11:45 Go electric
    12:24 Gyro relics
    12:38 Gyro air rotor
    13:07 Artificial horizon rotor
    13:18 Balancing of rotor
    13:39 PIGA gyro rotor
    13:50 S-75 Dvina gyro
    14:29 Summary
    14:40 More like this?
    Presented by Robert J Dalby.
    For more information on the technology and history of the A4-V2 missile visit our website at: www.v2rockethistory.com.
    Produced by DB Video Services for Astronomy and Nature TV
  • Věda a technologie

Komentáře • 701

  • @ocayaro
    @ocayaro Před 10 lety +216

    Explained in less than 20 minutes what some courses do in a week. Bravo!

    • @l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l
      @l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l-l Před 2 lety +3

      loved the metal thing he built to act as a rocket body that really made it click where pure explanation videos about the gyro failed

  • @FredoCorleone
    @FredoCorleone Před 4 lety +67

    That footage of the rocket stuck in mid air is wonderful!

    • @Dan0__
      @Dan0__ Před 2 lety

      I wonder if they landed it?

  • @oceanhome2023
    @oceanhome2023 Před 4 lety +263

    I used to work at a place that made gyros , part of the calibration procedure was to let them run for a week . This was called caging the gyro . You could watch several gyros spinning when I arrived at work the gyros would be flat perfectly . When I left work they all were about180 degrees pointing straight up . The gyros had NOT moved it was the earth that moved . Blew me away when I saw it happen .

    • @nadtz
      @nadtz Před 4 lety +38

      Man get some flat earthers video footage of that, then again they would come up with some nonsense explanation for it but still.

    • @peterszar
      @peterszar Před 4 lety +7

      Very cool

    • @algerianatheist2755
      @algerianatheist2755 Před 4 lety +12

      Sounds a bit like Foucault pendulum

    • @robertlong2531
      @robertlong2531 Před 4 lety +4

      Good point here. Maybe somebody can explain how you can steer with gyro control without the earths curvature and rotation screwing you up ?

    • @robertlong2531
      @robertlong2531 Před 4 lety +9

      Just done a bit of googling, think I can answer my own Q. with a crude solution. Earth rotation compensation - earth rotates 15 deg./hr anti clockwise, therefore if say time of flight 1 hour, simply aim rocket up to 15 deg to left of target (if target is due south). Earth curvature compensation - correct gyro with an air pressure reading altimeter.

  • @bantalee2002
    @bantalee2002 Před 10 lety +262

    I liked this instructional video.
    My Father while in the Army designed and tested missiles at White Sands base. My sister has all of his written calculations/descriptions/designs. I like watching him putz with a small bicycle tire having welded rods on the center of the spoke array so he can hold onto it when he got the electric grinder/tool sharpener going at around 3400 rpm and placed the tire to it and got the tire spinning so fast he could hardly handle the dynamics of the spinning wheel in his hands. I watched him make his observations as he tried/forced to tilt the wheel in any direction. he was my teacher and inspiration for inventing. For a winter project we built a gyro copter,aluminum frame and a wooden 3 ply rotor/no motor required. springtime came along and he took it out of the barn and with a strong nylon rope attached it to the copter and the other end tied it to a stake in the ground. being 8 years old at the time, I sat in the chair of the copter..the wind started to pick up and the rotor(not knowing of the rotor brake)began to rotate faster and faster. I did not want to jump off it fearing the blade would kill me..so I went airborne and the first to fly it(sort of). I screamed for dad and he ran out of the house. being about 15 ft in the air he could only give me instructions. I got hold of the steering column, he said push forward slowly ..I did and landed perfectly,he jumped on and knew how to brake the rotors speed. Man what a ride,.he smiled at me and said " I really wanted to be the first and only person to fly it,.but now you have that honor" he was not mad,.but all the more determined to test fly it for himself. Obviously my weight was less and why i went airborne. A week later he and a few friends took it to a large prairie. they attached a long tow rope from copter to truck, dad put on a cheap helmet and harnessed himself in the seat and gave the order to go. the truck traveled about a quarter mile and dad released the guide rope..straight up he went,.then down,.then sideways,.then stabilized his flight. airborne for the better of twenty minutes flying around i could see a grin so big on his face looking though my boy scout binoculars. he eyed a long empty stretch of country road and began his decent and made a perfect landing. When it was all over his friends nicknamed him Gyro Jack. and ya know..he never flew anything else before and the only knowledge of flying the copter came from reading over and over the flying instructions and what to expect and how to counter any problems. he was a cool dad, I am proud of him . Sorry I just had to tell a story here. hope you had fun reading it.

  • @erikengheim1106
    @erikengheim1106 Před 7 lety +27

    Loved how you built a primitive model and attached simple paper pieces. It showed the principle very well. Too often people show the complicated model right away, making it hard to grasp the fundamentals.

  • @greywebb1472
    @greywebb1472 Před 2 lety +10

    I was a Pershing Missile officer in the late 1960s. The Pershing guidance system was basically the same as you explained. Your video brought back a lot of memories. Thank you.

  • @lawrencetate145
    @lawrencetate145 Před 4 lety +37

    I'm 59 and have exposed myself (sorry about that) to science all my life. I’ve seen most all the gyro videos on CZcams.
    This is the first time I've seen a demonstration of the concept of active control using the broom, that I recall. Perhaps it was the way you succinctly made the the mechanics crystal clear. Absolutely nailed it.

  • @MrPlasticMaggot
    @MrPlasticMaggot Před 4 lety +6

    This video was extremely well done. Robert has a real flair for explaining and goes into just the right amount of detail to be interesting. It is not easy to communicate this clearly and keep the viewer engaged. Bravo.

  • @shaansingh2251
    @shaansingh2251 Před 2 lety +2

    i really appreciate people like you taking the time and effort to teach people like me in a simple understandable fashion.

  • @sMcRea1
    @sMcRea1 Před 3 lety +3

    Excelent! I was trying to explain to my 12 year old son how a gyro works and this video explains it perfectly! Thank you!

  • @ep8029
    @ep8029 Před rokem +1

    Superbly clear and entertaining.

  • @ksbalaji1287
    @ksbalaji1287 Před 4 lety +2

    Thank you very much! I am a school level physics teacher and this video is exactly what I needed!

  • @TheHornoxx
    @TheHornoxx Před 2 lety

    ... sehr sehr gut - toll dargestellt mit Feuerwerkrakete, Besen und Kinderkreisel mit tollem schnell selbstgebauten Mechanismus für den Spielzeugkreisel...
    Toll! 👍👏

  • @anthonyjm3899
    @anthonyjm3899 Před 3 lety +1

    Worked in Marine navigation and used to rebuild spinning mass Gyrocompass's by full overhaul , cleaning , dynamic balancing the rotor and then reassembly with new parts ,balancing the gyro itself then running it up and while it precessed and stabilized , checked it over 4 hrs of runup , adding weights as required ... then afterwards test runup and check of the Gyrosphere balances by using a swing table , interesting work .

  • @paulmore4118
    @paulmore4118 Před rokem +1

    Im lucky, it was just yesterday that I was thinking how that stability of direction worked in rockets, great demo. Thanks

  • @chaitanyasonawala6231
    @chaitanyasonawala6231 Před 8 lety

    The best explanation of the practical use of a gyroscope on the internet! Great work! 😀

  • @ved1749
    @ved1749 Před rokem +2

    Loved the demonstration. Thank you sir.

  • @peanutbutterjelly2188
    @peanutbutterjelly2188 Před 2 lety

    I asked for one demonstration, I got two!!
    That was a good demo on gimbal lock phenomenon!

  • @GrantJohnston-dr9rt
    @GrantJohnston-dr9rt Před 5 měsíci

    The genius of the German engineers left my head spinning!

  • @sayvorie
    @sayvorie Před rokem

    That was a good demonstration/explanation of the gyroscopic process.

  • @ezbytes
    @ezbytes Před 2 lety +1

    Wow, I just stumbled on this amazing video and learned the rocket science in 20 minutes. Knew all the physics of Gyroscope but to put it altogether in such a simple way is just amazing!!!

  • @Alienalloy
    @Alienalloy Před rokem +1

    bloody hell... that was amazing... the way you explained how they work was masterful, 55 and i learnt something new

  • @copacetic6440
    @copacetic6440 Před 4 lety +7

    Something I have wondered about for years thank you so much for this video.

  • @nodrug2
    @nodrug2 Před 2 lety

    Such a wonderful simplistic demonstration, your point was perfectly clear. Kudos!

  • @franceleeparis37
    @franceleeparis37 Před 2 lety +2

    Amazing footage of the V2…. Amazing brain that came up with the gyroscope .. the human brain is truly remarkable.. Von Braun was a genius and deserved a Nobel Prize…😏

    • @dmtr75
      @dmtr75 Před rokem

      He neither invented the gyro nor the rocket

  • @sharaarati
    @sharaarati Před 2 lety +1

    Very well explained. I always wondered how gyros worked but this demo clarifies the concept well.thanks.

  • @lester289
    @lester289 Před 3 lety +3

    This is an incredible demonstrations and explanation ! I always wondered how the rocket angle control was made. Thank you very much for that!

  • @avinashjadhav2245
    @avinashjadhav2245 Před 4 lety +1

    So nicely explain nobody has ever such complicated subject before on u tube

  • @iplaymytele
    @iplaymytele Před 2 lety

    As Soon as he said , “talk amongst yourselves”, that’s it …., I subscribed…..😹😹😹👍🏻

  • @JohnHamilton-wk8tg
    @JohnHamilton-wk8tg Před rokem

    I so wish Mr Dalby, his helpers and CZcams were around decades ago (for me that's the 1970s ) so that it didn't take years or even decades for some engineering concepts to come together and link up in my head. What a beauty!

  • @ThomasGabrielsen
    @ThomasGabrielsen Před 2 lety

    At 10:23 I almost exclaimed: Watch out for gimbal lock, you're risk loosing your bearing.
    This is the best demonstration of gyros I've ever seen.

  • @mshook0
    @mshook0 Před 10 lety +1

    In the video he makes a gimbal for a toy gyroscope. He uses a cool metal strip from a roll that has regularly spaced hole so he can use screws and bolts to assemble it.
    He shows gyros from a V2 and from a "Soviet era SA75" surface to air missile.
    There's some V2 launch footage including one where the rocket engine is making just enough thrust to keep it suspended above the launch site.

    • @ashutoshbhakuni303
      @ashutoshbhakuni303 Před 5 lety

      Michael Shook Can u tell me what exactly is that metal strip called or any online link to see and buy it? It looks pretty pliable. Thanks!

  • @sloppydog4831
    @sloppydog4831 Před 2 lety

    It took me an entire semester to understand this and you did that brilliantly in 20 minutes. Great video!

  • @iSatSpy
    @iSatSpy Před 9 lety +4

    Very nice, straightforward demonstration. Love it!

    • @ChristopherBenson_1956
      @ChristopherBenson_1956 Před 9 lety

      Yeah, I noticed that "straight" off. He put a good spin on the description, and didn't put his own slant on it.

  • @egskating
    @egskating Před 4 lety

    Excellent presentation. And thank you for not flooding the video with rock music, techno music or multiple frame snap- backs or constant close ups of you ( not dismissing you, but many CZcams presenters are trying to promote their personal image rather than present the information ). Your presentation brilliant for showing it is a gyro in a gimbal with instrumentation on the gimbal providing the guidance data - that is what many explanations skip (or don't know or can't explain). Thank you. I have spent many hours watching your videos on rockets. Now on to your astronomy vids . . .

  • @fredthecoder1289
    @fredthecoder1289 Před rokem +1

    Superbly done. Thanks.

  • @Skmax673
    @Skmax673 Před 4 lety +15

    Great contribution of Genius German scientists and engineers to the world. 👏👏👏

  • @fenderOCG
    @fenderOCG Před 8 lety +1

    excellent explanation and demonstration, I had not seen a proper attempt to explain how exactly the gyroscope information was converted to fin movements before. I love this era of engineering and electronics because there are no computers or advanced electronics to break a chain of understanding from start to finish.

  • @av5958
    @av5958 Před 5 lety +1

    Excellent video that shed light how is used the gyroscope.Thanks.

  • @racastilho
    @racastilho Před 9 lety +2

    Fantastic! Wonderful work! Thank you so much for putting this together.

  • @das250250
    @das250250 Před rokem +1

    Excellent work.

  • @ThePeterfrancon
    @ThePeterfrancon Před 6 lety +1

    I came to see how Falcon Heavy stayed upright during launch, now I understand. Thanks for a great series of videos!

  • @titinicolas77
    @titinicolas77 Před 10 lety +5

    Great practical explanations

  • @sahhaf1234
    @sahhaf1234 Před 11 lety

    That was the best explanation of missile guidance I have ever seen.

  • @supremeleader5516
    @supremeleader5516 Před rokem +1

    amazing explanation

  • @mcd3379
    @mcd3379 Před rokem +1

    Really great video - impressed that you had parts of an actual V2!

  • @Ic37r011
    @Ic37r011 Před 2 lety

    This video is still giving in it helped me understand how these gyroscopes work in the Rockets. Especially that demonstration with the paper compass.

  • @tuttocrafting
    @tuttocrafting Před 4 lety +1

    Finally a good video explaining how a gyroscope work

  • @billb.4901
    @billb.4901 Před 8 lety +4

    Excellent explanation, thank you for sharing.

  • @andylauder2072
    @andylauder2072 Před rokem

    Absolutely brilliant video which shows just how important the gyro is to space travel.

  • @craiggas
    @craiggas Před 5 lety

    Wow!Amazing example of explaining things intuitively

  • @BananthahallyVijay
    @BananthahallyVijay Před 10 lety

    Really an excellent presentation! Simple and yet effective in bringing out what a gyroscope does.

  • @nopeyadayadayada1248
    @nopeyadayadayada1248 Před rokem

    Well done Sir. I feel gratified that I learned something new today.

  • @waqqas_the_wicked
    @waqqas_the_wicked Před 8 lety

    Very Well Explained! Thanks for taking the time to make this video

  • @DougWalp
    @DougWalp Před 7 lety

    Really well-done. Thank you for the demonstration.

  • @anthonygibbons3895
    @anthonygibbons3895 Před 4 lety +1

    So incredibly well-explained

  • @musiccater6695
    @musiccater6695 Před 2 lety

    Omg :) I was looking for a good video on gyroscope's functionality and found this gem- Subscribed right away - love this channel - Thank you for creating it 🎉🥇

  • @ronanderson1023
    @ronanderson1023 Před 9 lety +2

    really great and very high quality informative video, i rarely see videos that don't annoy me in one way or another!
    Keep up the good work! Greetings and all the best!

  • @briankendrall8771
    @briankendrall8771 Před 9 lety +1

    Thanks. Well spoken, precise and excellent avionics stuff.

  • @shazaselvarajoo585
    @shazaselvarajoo585 Před 7 lety

    Fantastic explanation, easy to understand and very clear demonstration. Probably saved me hours of research =)

  • @InssiAjaton
    @InssiAjaton Před 2 lety

    A professor of mine told a story about a science teachers' meeting. One participant had prepared a suitcase with gyro inside. Arriving at the conference hotel, he spun up the gyro, signed in and the let the bell boy help him with the suitcase. Coming to the corridor corner, the bell boy was amazed how the suit case did not want to make the 90 degree turn. Well, after this story the professor lifted a box from behind the stand, grabbed a string handle and pulled it heavily. Then he demonstrated with that box how the mentioned suitcase had behaved at the hotel. I believe everybody in the audience enjoyed this kind of teaching as much as I did.

  • @allanbond3673
    @allanbond3673 Před 9 lety

    Awesome simple easy to understand demo, very interesting, thanks

  • @simonwhite1380
    @simonwhite1380 Před 8 lety

    Excellent video! Thanks for making them and taking the time.

  • @rogerwilco2
    @rogerwilco2 Před 9 lety

    Very beautiful demonstration.

  • @Asopoa
    @Asopoa Před 12 lety

    Really informative and the demonstration is very simple and understandable!

  • @homerelesperance2857
    @homerelesperance2857 Před 10 lety +1

    Fantastic demonstration, thanks for posting!

  • @theenclave4981
    @theenclave4981 Před rokem

    I simply just love the history and science of weapons technology, especially rockets.

  • @bmf201
    @bmf201 Před 9 lety +1

    Fantastic! Thanks for the great demonstrations

  • @ttp_007
    @ttp_007 Před 3 lety

    Superb video!!!
    Thanks for taking your time making and sharing it!!!

  • @KGwideangle
    @KGwideangle Před 10 lety +5

    brilliant...very well explained

  • @saozzie
    @saozzie Před 6 lety

    Simple and clear. Excellent. Thanks!

  • @AliasdHacker
    @AliasdHacker Před rokem

    Excellent demonstration!

  • @ProDesigneHd
    @ProDesigneHd Před 10 lety +4

    Well explained

  • @kostak.2485
    @kostak.2485 Před 4 lety +1

    Very interesting and well presented, thanks for posting!

  • @revin_0007
    @revin_0007 Před rokem

    Very well demonstration!

  • @vincentpol
    @vincentpol Před 7 lety +9

    This is perfect.

  • @vikyviks2765
    @vikyviks2765 Před 3 lety

    Absolutely comprehensive and the subject convered in totality
    Thank you very much :-)

  • @bhpnbr4444
    @bhpnbr4444 Před 10 lety

    That was an absolutely fantastic video! You are a really good teacher.

  • @jeffreynunes2508
    @jeffreynunes2508 Před 6 lety

    What a great collection! Thanks for sharing!😀

  • @dayradebaugh
    @dayradebaugh Před 4 lety +1

    Excellent video. Look forward to more of them.

  • @starcsuraj7014
    @starcsuraj7014 Před rokem +1

    I want a teacher like this for my next semester.... studying aerospace eng.....
    Thank you sir.
    Hoping to use it somehow

  • @zwatcs
    @zwatcs Před 10 lety +4

    Great video! I'm about to implement my Arduino gyroscope to a segway I'm building and I felt that I needed to know the principle behind gyroscopes abit more and this video is awesome.. Thanks alot!

  • @lifeforce3451
    @lifeforce3451 Před 8 lety

    wonderful demonstration thanks !

  • @FEYSCONTROL
    @FEYSCONTROL Před 4 lety

    very exhaustive and easy to understand explanation.

  • @AR-qb7nh
    @AR-qb7nh Před 10 lety

    Thank you for the wonderful documentary. I tried to understand how gyros stabilise rockets for a long time and finally I understood how it exactly does it.

  • @SeattlePioneer
    @SeattlePioneer Před 5 lety

    WONDERFUL video! LOVED your plumber's tape gimbal, and the other examples from the V2, aircraft instruments and Russian missile! Terrific!

  • @olivierlabatut9333
    @olivierlabatut9333 Před 4 lety

    clear and instructive

  • @karthikeyanak9460
    @karthikeyanak9460 Před 2 lety

    Such an excellent explanation!

  • @ianmunro1427
    @ianmunro1427 Před rokem

    Very instructive video. Thank you.

  • @DudeDnB
    @DudeDnB Před 10 lety

    Excellent presentation! Much informed. Wow.

  • @LOFIGSD
    @LOFIGSD Před 2 lety

    very well presented, I covered all this nearly 40 years, when training to be a weapons engineer, amazing we have in mobile phones now!

  • @danielbryce6072
    @danielbryce6072 Před 2 lety

    Excellent video, thank you!

  • @wernerheisenberg44
    @wernerheisenberg44 Před 7 lety

    You explained everything so well that I totally forgot that you spoke English (my mother tongue is German). Excellent!

  • @BionicRusty
    @BionicRusty Před rokem

    Incredible. Thank you 🙏

  • @thetruth156real3
    @thetruth156real3 Před 4 lety

    Nice bloke, clever and humble.

  • @Kingstanding23
    @Kingstanding23 Před 11 lety

    What a simply amazing enlightening video.
    I'm like a born again engineer!

  • @adriangpop
    @adriangpop Před 2 lety

    I personally think that explaining the two properties of a gyro Rigidity & Precession would have made the presentation more understandable in the circumstances. Good effort.

  • @OutdoormanPT87
    @OutdoormanPT87 Před 5 lety

    Very interesting. You've inspired me to make my own "toy" gyroscope on a gimbal.

  • @jasondowd3099
    @jasondowd3099 Před 9 lety

    What an excellent video. Thanks for sharing.

  • @IVIenac3
    @IVIenac3 Před 11 lety +5

    I noticed this little fault too, it's actually called the 'Pendulum rocket fallacy'. On the pyro rockets it's just the aerodynamic drag effect reducing the instability (not negating it entirely) sending it into a gravity turn trajectory. Maybe it's just the term 'counterbalancing' that is not correct and causing the confusion (and introducing the pendulum fallacy). Nice video though, love seeing the actual original rocket parts.