Wire Gauge - AWG, Amperage, Diameter Size, & Resistance Per Unit Length
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- čas přidán 6. 12. 2019
- This electronics video tutorial focuses on the american wire gauge - AWG. It discusses the relationship between wire size, amperage, diameter in mm, and resistance per unit length in milli-ohms per ft. This video also explains how to calculate the maximum voltage that can safely be applied to a wire of a given length and size.
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You just demystified wire science for me - been trying to find an understandable explanation for years - many thanks, Dr. D.
Same
No mists are involved with electric power…usually. Now you truly been demistafied.
Best ever tutorial ever watched on subject on CZcams.
What an amazing video. well detailed, and describe. thanks for the better understanding of AWG, resistance, amperage .
Thank you for your time and the work which can b a blessing for us trying to keep vintage Dodge 6 volt and other American carb motors.
A tutorial on resistance and your cool explanation and teaching is appreciated. Los Angeles has no teaching or shop teaching, seems the sitdown keyboard industry has no hands on curriculum.
감사합니다.AWG 규격이 무슨 원리로 만들어져 있는가가 항상 궁금했었는데..설명이 아주 명쾌합니다. 고맙습니다^^
Wow. Korean is so beautiful! Sorry i don't understand it. Korean = Rice-Spanish
Hi Korea, im interesting about wire electric
Watched this right before my commercial wiring mid term thanks a bunch!!
R= ρL/A, where ρ is the resistivity of material ( a constant), L is the length of material and A is the area of the material. So if we use a standard wire most of the time is round so A = πr², where r is the radius of the circle ( the cross-section of the cable). So if r increase ( larger cable diameter) then A increase then R decrease. Resistance is directly proportional with length but inverse proportional with diameter.
The resistivity is not constant for different temperatures.
Very excellent, simple and straightforward on the subject topic. Kudos
Thanks for the run down on it. I'm new to wiring and needed some help. You're a Saint man! Cheers!!
Fhyztxuxxxcz
Cheers bruh...
Wire is rated for max voltage on the insulation, along with temperature rating and conductor size and insulation material. Max amperage of a conductor has to do with the environment it's installed in and the temperature rating of the insulation. Voltage drop also has to be considered.
Solid core vs stranded effects voltage capacity, too. Right? Material, as well. Gold, copper, aluminum. Are these calcs the same for all materials? And, shielding/insulation type/thickness/environment? I'm really enjoying learning more about this scary and magical electricity! Math is awesome 👌
thank you for the enfo
The insulation is rated for the voltage. Not the conductor itself. Hence why you'll see a voltage rating AND a current rating
Hello
I am a follower of your lessons and a big fan of them. I hope that you will show videos explaining the method of calculating the power factor, as well as the correct way to calculate the main breaker, and whether it should be larger than the service provider’s breaker, equal to it, or less in size than it.
sincerely
Khalid
This was exactly what I was wanting to know how to do. Thank you for the information and you made it very easy to follow.
This discussion is needed, a bit refreshing for a sermingly difficult topic. In a recent video, I show a new, somewhat simpler, formula for wire diameter.
Thank you for the free online course on electrical wires..
Asides from the NEC here in the US, the number of circular mils doubles or halves with about every three wire gages. It's very rare to see electrical wire with odd numbers of AWG, so if you were looking at doubling the circular mils, you pretty much have to go up four gages, a little over-kill but better than under-doing it. Nothing is perfect, so it's a matter of compromise, how much voltage drop can I afford. - Jim
This is what I looking for for looooong time. Thank you sir. This video is diamond.
Thank You Sir..
That was of a Great Help.
😊
Thank you so much. I'm installing a Backup generator to run my house and I have been having the hardest time doing the math on the cable from the Generator to the house. I'm putting it 126 feet from my ATS and I couldn't find a chart with length over 50ft.
Again thanks.
That was great you’re the first to explain it so I get it! Thanks
Absolutely calming voice and the message sank in deep. Thank you, SIR!!
What is the better kind of wire the strabded wire or the solid wire? pls answer it!
Very informative, great job to explain the AWG!
Omg, this video solidified my decision to become an engineer. I work for a telco and the techs deny any logical concept “ANY LOGICAL CONCEPT!” For example a technician told me that a wire that was 10AWG and roughly 10ft long could safely conduct 14,000v without melting to a puddle
Well done, very clear and useful information.
Perfect timing
many thx Sir, That's a good topic you have fresh up my oldbrain
Very clear and not too fast in talking, what about a solid wire vs. stranded wires are they thesame charaterstics? I mean is there any differences in carrying or applying amp, volts and wattages?
This is what I have been looking for for a long time. thank you sir. Please explain how to find the number of turns of a coil winding of a water valve for a Toshiba washing machine. I want to rewind it and bring it back to life again because the wire that was wrapped with it is very thin. I think its diameter is 40. Please find the solution necessary and I am very thankful to you.
Thanks for a very specific tutorial,God bless...
Good and outstanding liberation of brains, A part of wisdom is here. too much thanks.
A useful addition to this video would be a short discussion on voltage drop based on length of cable and size. It is more useful than knowing how to calculate maximum voltage for certain length and size. That can be useful if you operate tools with motors.
Badchips10, do you know what applies to cables that are sold as 2 pin (I. E. a red and black cable in parallell, and in my case to be used for direct current). For example, if it is sold as 10 AWG,
a) does that mean that each cable has 10 AWG,
b) or is it the red and the black cable combined that equals 10 AWG?
I am hoping for that it is alternative a) that applies, because it would mean less voltage / less resistance losses for my solarpanel cables, given a certain AWG number for the cables. I. E. 2 parallel (or 2 pin) cables?
If you know what they mean, when they sell these kind of cables (because I think it is not entirely clear), help would be much appreciated.
I would assume that's how the wire capacity in milli ohms per feet based on gauge is calculated. Meaning knowing the maximum voltage a wire can handle( based on guage),voltage drop off is the least of your worries. If you're trying to push maximum power while knowing the max voltage a wire can handle and include voltage drop off as a vairable, then that's a detailed reached. Just play it safe with the proper sized wire that can handle the power you want to throw at it while knowing you can have some voltage drop off. Not maximize a wire based off of voltage drop because you also have to include peak voltage.
Thank you so much for this video!
Thanks. Nice and easy to follow.
Very clear and with real examples
Thank you for this video. Great job 👏
Making me gaining lot of understanding. thx for the video
Great video!
Can you please share the full table awg that you were using please
Super informative video, thank you
Nice n clear. Wonderful Explanation.
Awesome video! Great explanation
Excellent description, thanks from downunder 🇦🇺👌
Thank you that's going to be a big help: What about when you are dealing with inductance and frequency?
For frequency: the wire will be better if it is like pipe. In high frequncy, electron like the outer part of the cable. No electron like the inner part, so pipe like cable is better, if i am correct.
@@jackmule1572 Not sure about that. The electron/current flow is along the surface, but what is traveling the other way that we can't measure. In quantum/particle at cern we know that the split atom is still connected even miles apart. So some energy that we can't see yet, but can see the results of is there. Same with magnets maybe. What ever it is, it's faster than the speed of light. All the particle physics is a guess/theory, they are not sure. Using a pipe will just use the inner and outer surface for the visible flow?
@@andrewwalsh3744 Every coaxial cable is a "pipe" or waveguide. You seem to be rather mixed up with notions on particle physics which are not important for the subject in this video - best to learn the basics of electricity and electronics first. The electrons are not moving at the speed of light, and a short straight piece of wire has little inductance.
Do you have a video about lenght and voltage drop? Thanks
Thanks so much teacher.
I would like to translate this video in French.
Oui
I will thank you allot very good explanations and great job. I leaned allot and you remember mig the beautiful old days🙏👍🇩🇰mary x
أحسنت ، أكمل.
Well done , go ahead .
Good video..learned what I wanted & hopefully more.
Very good up until your misapplication of V=IR. If you use that formula the way you present it, then a wire of only 10 feet would only handle 0.375 volts at 15A, or 5.625 Watts. That answer is ridiculous and would mean that all kitchen appliances around the world should be burning up their wires. The formula is Wire Length = ( VD x 1000) / (LC x 2 x R), where VD = I xR x V. Also, I believe you wanted to say 20C, not 60C. The resistance measures are based on 20C or 68F. Hope this helps.
@Samuel Agreed. There is always a loss due to resistance. However, he did not state it the right way. Listen carefully and then check his formula against the text books.
Absolutely i agree with you @The Highway Groupie. What he has presented is the formula for voltage drop across the length of wire not the voltage handling capacity.
That is not what is happening, he is calculating what is the max voltage that can run through the cable without any other resistance (the cable is literally shorting) before the cable goes over it's theoretical ampacity and starts to melt (theoretically because the real ampacity a a wire depends on a lot of other factors).
So yes a wire of only 10 feet can theoretically only handle 0.375 volt before melting. But that is without any other resistance ! Because if you apply more voltage then the amps goes up and the wire melts but if you have an appliance plugged on it then it will add resistance to not blow everything up.
His calculation is literally like if he connected the live cable on the neutral (and if there was no breaker to stop the current of course) in the wall and checked how many volts there could be in the cable before everything melts.
He just didn't do a great example because it is not something that we would normally calculate in real life.
This formula also represents the voltage drop since from one end of the cable the potential drop by 100% since there are no other resistance specified by him and all the energy is transformed into heat by the cable.
Also I don't know the source used for this table but I have seen tables using 60°C for safety and logic because 60°C ambient temp can easily be obtained in an enclosed environment like a wall, a ceiling or a big box like a computer with max load and that's without a heat wave so imagine with one.
THE BEST SCIENTIFIC CHANNEL I SWEAR
Keep going 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Been trying to learn electronics larger gauge seems to let a lot of current through, but the volts are low. On a coil it seems the larger the impedance the lower the amps. I also saw that with heat the volts started to drop, but that could be something with my psu.
The V = IR yiu calculated is Voltage Droop along the wire due to current. It means if the wire resistance is 22.5 Ohm and current is 15A, the different between the power source and load is 337.5V. It is a simple calculation at power factor of 1.
I think your comment is correct.
Good Stuff & Great Tips 👍 Thanks!
I am from India ...u are great teacher sir ❤❤. I love u
how about a follow-up talking about stranded wire and how/if it's different. Does 20 awg solid = 20 awg stranded? Does it matter how many/small are the strands?
it all matters...type of wire material....tin , copper will have different resistance
or conductance. JACKET types ( which are different) there's different UL
ratings for jackets...such as UL1015. ..some are FLAME resistance ..some
arnt...More resistance - more HEAT.
It depends on the application...such as running wires from Power source to
BruShless MOTOR...You want the wire to be as short as possible..
even at 16V DC at 150Amps..on 12 awg it gets HELLA HOT..
You want bigger wires AND FLAME RESISTANCE jackets/insulations ..so your toys dont burn up.... 8 awg with crappy insulation WILL STILL BURN your toys.
You have to be SPECIFIC in your application. I used to be a manager
for electronics Manufacturing..Also had to fabricate HARNESS for whatever
my customer wants...BEFORE my JOB got exported to CHINA.
On 95% of stuff we fabricated...the wires had to be UL approved...
WITH NOTICABLE MARKING on the wires/Cables...ect
And with CERTIFICATES.... ( becuase there's FAKE or knock offs)
All the crap i see from china arnt marked.
Im more aware of these things..Familar with different types of wires..electronics components. i also worked at a POWER PLANT.
Yes, math Helps alot....but there's OTHER FACTORS.
Stranded wires...will be more CAPTIBLE to corosion build up...over time.
Moisture works it's way in BETWEEN the strands..Hence create more resistance.
But solid wire...Dosnt FLEX as nice as stranded...( it could be a Bietch to
install..depending what you're working on...
( plus one break in the solid..you're sort of screwed)
There;s pros and cons...
@@oneeyemonster3262 A very truthful insight. Thanks a lot, kind Sir! I returned a subermsible water pump today because it used a 22 AWG for a 1.5 kW motor and the guys were like: 'no one ever brought that up, you are something else, please take your money back and don't buy from us again.' I was fine with that, I had no interest in paying money for something brand new only to fit an AWG 17 wire myself. I would rather build my own thing than have to modify something since the first time I bought that product.
Sad to see that our industry is going extinct only to fatten the Chinese Communists.
Good job. I would add one more thing. Look at the cross section area of the wire per gauge.
The cross-section of the area (area = pi x r^2) is an increase of 10 AWG is a ten times increase in resistance.
🤫
Yes ..it will be helpful...when I wire houses or buildings my customers need to know this...I will sit them down and go over the diameter and cross sectional of each wire...and I will charge them accordingly...ty
It’s following a decibel relationship!
ΔAWG = 10*log( [R/l]2 / [R/l]1 )
Very well explained.👍
Thank you. I sure learn something new.
Awesome thanks! So for a 10Amp capacity should I go for a 16 gauge wire? I am wiring lights for my house which has a 10amp Circuit Breaker.
I love this guy. You explain yourself and share information like you understand clearly how frustrating and @#$& up it is listening to folks on CZcams or your class teacher explaining stuff that they don't even seem to understand; so vague and cluster. You on the other hand has a complete understanding as how to drill information calmly and direct so anyone with little or no understanding of this topic can clearly get the picture you're painting and further more digest these useful information smoothly.
Very detailed info thank you
Recently I graduated from Phlebotomy course where GAUGES for needles were numbered in a similar fashion,. The Gauge Number is due to the manufacturing process. Needles and wires are created by passing metal through dies with holes of smaller and smaller diameter. So the first 'pass' through a die with a certain size hole creates a wire or needle of a certain diameter say for example 1 so PASSAGE 1 is GAUGE 1. Then that same wire could be dragged through another die with a smaller diameter hole to create an even narrower wire or needle and then would be PASS/PASSAGE 2 so GAUGE 2. So the narrower the die hole then the narrower the wire so it would be done at later and later PASSES/PASSAGES which would be a greater number thus a greater gauge number.
murrica logic :D
Thanks for the video, glad to find some explanation on what i see at home depot... as someone who move to north america i can say: i miss the metric system! Because nothing makes any sense when you ask people to measure things with their fingers, feets, hair, etc! :D
Excellent explanation. Congratulations
Thanks for the wire check tutorials bro you good *Fundsauce* 🇺🇸✌🏿
As the wire gauge increases in value the resistance increases as well. The diameter size decreases as the gauge size increases and the amount of current it can take decreases.
A bit overkill for using 12V in auto applications, but made complete sense. Well presented....
Interesting mix of metric and imperial units. :)
Two questions? does multi strand wire gauge differ from single strand gauge capacity? and can you feed more insulated wire gauges together in parallel along side each other to share the capacity as well?
Great video but please use imperial measurements for wire diameter when explaining AWG. Thank you for the awesome content though. Great work!!!!
Man... that was so helpful, thank you.
Glad to see American speaking sense with "metric." But gives me an idea, wire size gauge should be redone so instead of size it gives resistance per meter would save a lot of mucking around. etc...
The more , the Merrier ------Confusion !!!
Thanks for the explanations. The maximum voltage applied to the wire is determined by the insulation rating. The question should have asked what is the maximum voltage drop across 9000 feet of 14AWG wire. The question would never have a real world application because 15 amps times 337 volts would be wasting over 5000 watts of power in the wire and almost none of the power would get to the load at the far end. Thanks again.
His determination of maximum volts is meaningless. He just organized units. Only voltage drop matters in length of wire. As you said, max volts is function of insulation.
@@artsmith103 I feel like he mistook the minimum voltage to achieve current as the "maximum voltage". Wire doesn't have a maximum voltage that I'm aware of. If you push the voltage above the insulation's true rating (the posted rating has a safety factor and accounts for deterioration over an estimated lifespan), the voltage will start to leak, and it can shock you.
@@beckoningjinx1119 The insulation can break down, arcing can occur and a fire is likely to start.
Very informative. Thanks !!
Can I say that I should get 12awg cable as a replacement for my Logitech z906 than 18awg for my home surround runs?
Nice as always
What would be the specs for a TRS (male) connector that goes into a microphone interface (Focusrite Scarlet Solo 3rd generation)???? (16AWG, 18AWG, 22AWG, 26AWG. etc????) Thanks a lot!
Do I need to use same 2 awg I use from my alternator to the batterie and use the same size from my secondary batterie to my amplifier or I can use another one base on the amplifier watts?
Thanks , alot of great info
Wire gauge was originally an indication of how many times the extruded wire was squeezed through a die, diminishing the diameter each time.
Dear brother thank you very much and you are a star ⭐️👍👍👍🙏
Very well explained.
this was great. thanks
resistance per unit lef? killed me bro^^
That was pretty damn good, thanks
I have a question for you that goes along with this video. What is the ampicity of a 14 AWG silver coated copper wire with XETFE insulation?
Buy a multimeter and measure it. Its far simpler than this method..
High time AWG was replaced with simpler measurements - like cross sectional area in square millimetres like we do in Europe.
@M Detlef You are wrong. In proper English (e.g. British-English) it's millimetres. American may call it milimeters but British-English is the standard form of English, whereas American English is just an accent.
Then you'd have to retrain every single person involved with electrical equipment in the US and change many sections of the electrical code. AWG is doing just fine.
Thank you, i had one of these problems in my video. Pretty cool how a Gameboy is causing me to learn some of this stuff.
If I go with a thicker wire. Rewire my boat and it calls for a 12 awg and I use a thicker gauge, say 10 gauge, is it going to damage what it’s supplying current to? Will it allow more current than what I need?
Awesome video. Great info
What shoul be the best replacement electrical conductor size when #12AWG is not available? Thanks
Good explanation
if you mentioned that s for copper wire,or aluminum,i missed it.solid or stranded?
The video is informative.
What happens if you run 2 parallel wires in the same direction. how much would it increase by?
Is there a way to do that formula on Excel? I wanna calculate the diameter
or you could use the (nfpa’s) nec handbook; table 3:10-16 if i recall...
hi,
can i savely operate a 24V COB LED strip on 20-22AWG wires?
The AC adapter puts out 24V 1,5A.
The lenght of the wire is about 2 meter long. Ive cutted 6 pieces of 85 cm The COB Led Strip in paralel connection to it.
Is this save or can it be that the wire starts to melt or burn?
Thanks
Im looking for help with the formula of:
KL/CMA=R
I am assuming this is for solid core wire such as romex, and not twist core like in an extension cord.
Excellent!