Neuromuscular System - Rate Coding, Motor Units, & Fiber Types | CSCS Chapter 1
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- čas přidán 3. 07. 2024
- CSCS Chapter Study Guides & More: / drjacobgoodin
In this video we'll discuss how the neuromuscular system modulates force output via motor unit recruitment and rate coding, discuss muscle fiber types, and describe various muscle proprioceptors. This is the second lecture from chapter 2 of Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, published by the NSCA.
Get certified as a CSCS (Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist). This lecture is part of a comprehensive and ever-growing video series covering topics related to strength training and conditioning: bit.ly/3tOJp5s
TIME-STAMPS
00:00 - Intro
01:00 - Neuromuscular Junction
02:13 - Activation of Muscles
03:18 - All or None Principle
04:18 - Stimulated Motor Unit
05:44 - Muscle Fiber Types
08:55 - Motor Unit (Key Point)
09:32 - Recruitment & Rate Coding
12:27 - Force Output (Key Point)
12:42 - Proprioception (Key Point)
13:20 - Muscle Spindles
14:45 - Golgi Tendon Organ
15:55 - Improve Force Production
17:30 - Where to Head Next
RESOURCES MENTIONED
Haff, G. G., & Triplett, N. T. (2015). Essentials of strength training and conditioning 4th edition. Human kinetics.
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Disclaimer: This video does not have any affiliation with, or any recognition, sponsorship, or
endorsement by, the NSCA. CSCS® and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist® are registered trademarks of the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
#CSCS #NSCA #DrGoodin
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Fellow strength specialists, thanks for checking out this video-it’s part of a playlist that dives into the major topics from the NSCA’s Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. I create these lectures for my strength and conditioning university students but hope that they bring value to you as well. More here: bit.ly/3tOJp5s
Or stop by my channel for complete teaching series statistics in kinesiology, biomechanics, and sport science: bit.ly/2Rlg5kQ
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Dr. Jacob Goodin is a professor of kinesiology at Point Loma Nazarene University (PLNU), and holds a PhD in Sport Physiology and Performance from East Tennessee State University. He has over a decade of experience as a strength and conditioning coach and sport scientist from the high school to NCAA Division I levels. In addition to his role as a professor and research mentor, Dr. Goodin directs the Athlete Monitoring Initiative at PLNU, which provides testing and monitoring services to over 200 athletes yearly as well as research opportunities for kinesiology students.
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Sir, you are a saint for making these videos. And without constant ad interruptions... you are very generous.
I appreciate it Douglas and am happy that these are helping you out! Feel free to share them with colleagues. More videos coming soon!
I have always found myself so amazed by the abilities of our body to unconsciously react to things as it does with the golgi tendon organ and stretch reflex! So glad it does!
Once again this was a great fresher video when it comes to muscle fibers and proprioception! This Information is all coming back to me , thank you !
I found it super interesting when you were talking about the frequency and rate that motor units are activated and how it directly related to the force produced in a muscle.
This video allowed me to recall my knowledge of the physiology of the body. Great info!
I think this is a great video, especially for students who have already taken A&P and needed a refresher. The section about the GTO clarified a lot for me; shoutout to the GTOs!!
I really liked your explanation of the golgi tendon organ and how it is discharged when there is an extremely heavy load which makes the muscle relax instead of possibly tearing.
l love learning the all-or-nothing principle! I remember hearing it but it was a great refresh. Thank you Dr. Goodin!
Learning about the Golgi tendon organs were incredibly interesting. Especially since I remembered the bare minimum about them before this.
This was a great reveiw from Anatomy, theres always so many little things I forget.
I really liked the table that you put in for the characteristics of different muscle fiber types! That was very helpful
I enjoyed learning how we can use our knowledge of the physiology of the neuromuscular system to help improve athletes' force production.
this video really helped clear some things up that I needed a refresher on from A&P. The visuals are incredibly helpful for me as well as the "key points" slides.
I enjoyed learning about the stretch reflex and how it is much more reactive, allowing the body to react quickly and subconsciously to external stimuli placed on the muscles. I am excited for when we learn later how to use this strategically. Thank you!
This video was really interesting. I liked the force production section and learning like how heavier load training helps activate more motor units at the same time and produce faster rate coding.
The graph was very helpful when it came to understanding fast-twitch and slow-twitch! First time hearing of these terms and I feel like it will be an easy topic
I didn't know there was 3 different types of muscle fibers! I always thought there was just slow twitch and fast twitch. So fun to learn about!
The distinction between each muscle fiber type was especially helpful when going over real life athletic events. It helped me conceptualize the information better.
I really liked the section of video where you broke down the muscle fiber types with major characteristic was really helpful for me! I will definitely be using this for future reference.
The explanation of fused and unfused tetanus really cleared some things up for me, thank you!
I find it interesting to hear about the functional capacity of muscle fibers and how no two people have the same distribution of muscle types in their body.
These explanations are so helpful, especially the muscle fiber types!
I like how increasing loads in phases of training can increase rate coding and optimize neural recruitment. The muscle fiber type table was also very helpful!
I like how you not only talked about how the neuromuscular system works but also how to apply it to increase force and get stronger.
I really liked how you included the part about how we can then apply this knowledge of muscle spindles and the recruitment into training athletes to improve their force production. Thank you!
Loving the specific yet clear explanation for each subject. Especially with the examples included.
The explanation of the three muscle fiber types was so helpful!
As someone with high school anatomy and KIN1001 as my only background, I found this information super interesting and helpful. I'm interested to learn more about slow and fast twitch fibers!
The graph that you showed with the differences in fiber types was really helpful in learning the differences between each fiber type.
This was a great refresher of how the different neurotransmitters work to activate muscles.
This video helped me gain a better understanding of how motor units are recruited. I now understand that force output of a muscle can be through a change in frequency activation of the individual motor units, a change in how many motor units are activated, or a combination of both.
I really enjoyed how you went over the different muscle fiber types and applied them to actual athletic events because it made it very relatable to me so it made it easier for me to understand.
Really loved the table that had all of the characteristics of the different muscle fibers. Super helpful for fully understanding the differences between the different types.
I like how we took the time to dive deeply into these last two topics, I feel like its going to help us learn better for the rest of seamster. Also I feel like a couple of us needed the refresher.
Just watch this video ! Thank you professor !
Fantastic content. You know what you're talking about, are calm and intentional in your language. An easy listen because of all of those things. So happy to have found your channel!
This was pretty easy to understand thanks to your detailed explanations!! Thank you!
The way that you explained the different types of muscles fibers was very helpful! Especially when you addressed the strengths and weaknesses of each one.
This was a super helpful review of motor units and muscle fiber types!
This video was great and very detailed! It helped me review again the muscle fiber types!
This video did a great job of explaining the different types of muscle fibers. Thank you for using examples to help better differentiate them.
The chart detailing characteristics of the main muscle fiber types is super helpful for comparing them and identifying key differences.
The part where you discussed more on the different proprioceptors we have within our muscles was very fascinating! Anytime the CNS is involved is it crazy to see what the body is able to maintain and preform at the same time when it is activated.
I really enjoyed learning about the all-or-none principle and how the muscle fibers work. Thanks for the video!
Thank you for what you do
YOU ARE THE BEST! Love these videos. So helpful!
The proprioceptors were so interesting and how there are fast neurons that only go to the spinal cord to give them quick commands. The GTO was the most interesting to me because its protecting the muscle from damage!
I liked how you went over the steps that occur at the NMJ and I also liked how you went over the chart of the different muscles fibers and how they differ.
Thank you for the great video! It was a great review of the muscle fiber types and the examples were very helpful!
I liked hearing about the different proprioceptors within our muscles. This is something we've recently been going over in A&P 2.
The breakdown of the muscle fiber types in correlation to different sporting events was very interesting and fun to learn and think about. Great video and breakdown of the neurons as well.
Thank you for this video😊
I appreciated how you applied the information presented to athletes and their performance! It helped me see the information through a different perspective.
It was very interesting and helpful to talk about the different types of muscle fibers and what they each do. This was a good review from my previous classes and helped to keep this information fresh in my mind!
Learning about the all-or-none principle was very interesting. All of the muscle fibers in the motor unit are able to contract and develop force at the same time.
the all or none principle is pretty interesting to me. it just shows the complexity of the human body even more
I really loved the way you explained the all or none principle! I also liked the explanation on the golgi tendon reflex and how a heavy load causes the muscles to relax instead of causing injury.
I enjoyed learning different techniques that athletes can use to improve force production because it is putting all the nitty gritty together and making it applicable!
I thought the slide covering the muscle spindle in relation to the spinal cord was super interesting and helpful. It is interesting to think that all of these mechanisms are happening each time a muscle is contracted.
I think it's really cool how the muscle spindles' function is able to bypass the brain needing to signal our muscles to move in order to move quickly, and with precision when the stretch reflex is activated.
Great info. I have a very detailed question I emailed you about. Thanks for doing these videos. They are fantastic.
I think the difference between stretch reflexes from the spinal cord and what we think of as "reflexes" (repeated trained actions that the body may perform subconsciously) is very interesting :)
High frequency of twitches can help produce more force in the muscle. Thank you for the video !
I enjoyed the part where you talked about adding load to increase an increase of motor unit recruitment.
Woah. This had so much info that I had to watch it 3 times. Great review of stuff I learned in Exercise Phys!
I've taught it now almost a dozen times in various classes and it still amazes me!
so much great information in this video! I liked hoe you explained the Golgi tendon organs. The heavy weight example made it easier to understand!
I really enjoy learning about the different types of muscle fibers. I think it's so interesting that different types of physical activity (such as long distance running compared to a sprint) require different types of muscle fibers.
A lotttt of information but you teach it in a way that isn't boring or overwhelming! I love the live drawings and notes instead of just reading slides as most teachers do.
Thanks Sydney! Gotta keep it exciting :)
Hey Dr. Goodin! It was good to go over recruitment again. Also I enjoyed the video of what I assume is your son running at the end!
I thought the difference between commonly known muscle tone and actual muscle tone regarding tension throughout the muscle was a very interesting distinction. Also really liked to hear about how athletes can work specifically to increase force production.
It is fascinating to see how some muscles that are so precise only have one muscle fiber per motor neuron where others that are less precise can use hundreds!
Think its really cool to think that the GTO is safety precaution for the muscles when something heavy is placed on it.
It is so cool to me that different athletes can have completely different types of muscles in their body based on the training they have done
The reflexes involved in sudden loaded stretches are very interesting, and it is awesome to think about how we can use the stretch-shortening-cycle to improve athleticism.
I find differentiating between the muscle fibers to be interesting and incredible important when it comes to the varies types of athletes. Another point from this video that I found interesting is in regards to the neuromuscular system and how using heavier loads can optimize neural recruitment. I find this concept to be interesting and I appreciate all the information in this video!
GREAT VIDEO LOVE U
I liked learning about proprioception and how it the muscle spindles activate the sensory neuron and connects it to the spinal cord.
Thanks for these videos. I will be taking my CSCS exam in the next couple of days and it helps for me to listen to it when I drive to work.
Question: do you have your students look at the videos and comment for a grade? Lol
I think the All-Or-None principle. As I was listening and reading the slide, my calf (gastrocnemius to be more specific) started to spasm and got me thinking about how the WHOLE muscles was involuntarily contracting.
Really interested in learning about the all or none principle
My favorite part of the video was when you talked about how athletes can apply this knowledge to their training. It kind of gives a better reason to understand something this specific when coaching seems to not usually look this deep into things.
I always thought the muscles spindles were so interesting and how they send efferent and afferant impulses to and from the spinal cord
Thanks for these. Getting ready for my cscs and reading just doesn’t work for me. This is great
Happy to help 💪
Dr Goodin, could you add a simple overview of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems as found in Ch1 right after motor units and proprioception? Your videos have been incredibly helpful as I study for my upcoming CSCS exam. Thank you!
Hi, do you have cardiovascular and respiratory system part of chapter as well in CZcams videos?
Great content Dr. Goodin. I had a question with regards to the muscle spindle. When you say the muscle is stretched as load increases are you referring to the lengthening of the muscle (eccentric contraction)or is there something else that i am missing in that stretch to cause greater activation via the muscle spindles?
I wonder if I’ll ever be able to test what muscle fiber type I have the most of and the exact levels of each. Since I am a weightlifter I probably have more IIx, fast twitch fibers.
I think it is crazy that our body uses a principle such as the all or non principle. So when a motor unit is activated either all the muscle fibers innervated contract or do not.
Interested to compare and contrast different muscle fibers on athletes
I had no idea the GTO was in charge of preventing muscle damage to weights we cannot handle.
More action potentials means a higher force production. It wasn't mentioned in the video, but I wonder if the GTO reflex is based of a certain voltage or certain peak of action potentials that causes the muscle to relax. The GTO threshold can be trained to activate later, but why is that? is that the GTO receptors becoming less sensitive to the stress? or the body adapting?
Yep, as part of the nervous system, GTO signaling is highly plastic and trainable!
Dr. Goodin, I have a question maybe you can answer....At 10:43 in the video the slide to the left is showing Recruitment of more motor units and Rate Coding. Looking at the very bottom of the slide, it appears the first motor unit recruited has the highest impulse frequency for rate coding. Is the first motor unit a Type 1? I am under the impression that that the Type 2B would have the highest impulse frequency for rate coding, but these motor units appear at the top of the slide with less rate coding? Am I interpreting this correctly? I also have another question...Is impulse frequency, discharge rate, and rate coding all referring to how complete tetanus causes the strongest or most powerful contraction?
Are we able to feel/see a single twitch muscle stimulation, and would we be able to notice a difference between a fused and unfused tetanus stimulation in our muscles?
Great as always. One question please; what would you say the biggest benefit of lifting barbell as fast as possible is? Powerlifter Ed Coan said : when you start to treat the light weights as heavy weights the heavy weight will go up easier... is the action potentiation bigger?
Great question Javor. The biggest benefit is that you can recruit more motor units (more alpha motor neuron action potentials) AND preferentially recruit higher threshold motor units even at lighter loads.
For the stimulated motor unit, is there a way to train the muscle twitches or does the body know when more force is needed, therefore the muscles will do the correct twitch based on the power needed? Or is it connected to the neuromuscular system?
It all happens subconsciously as far as individual motor units go. But you can definitely train your body to activate larger threshold motor units faster, and maybe even preferentially and before smaller motor units in the case of plyometric and explosive training
My question has to do with the all or none principle. Because it is all or none, how can we explain the different amounts of force that a muscle can produce? For example, I can control the amount of force in my grip.
Great Q Troy. It comes down to motor unit recruitment and rate coding. By recruiting more or less motor units, or by sending faster or slower signals, our neuromuscular system can regulate force output through the muscles. The all-or-none principle is referring to the level of the motor unit, not the level of the whole muscle.
So muscles actually do have memory?
One person can have more of a certain muscle type than a different person. They may have more Type I muscle fibers and be very good at distance and endurance sports. Also, the same for a person with more Type IIx muscle fibers and strength sports. I have heard both sides of the debate that a person can (or can not) produce more of a muscle type if they are training in that manner. Do you have an opinion on this matter Dr. Goodin?
Several studies have documented that "fiber type conversion" can occur due to a sufficient volume of training or due to rest from previous training and we have even have evidence to show it. However, there have been some conflicting results as well. Check out a review of the literature on this topic here: journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/FullText/2012/06000/The_Effects_of_Endurance,_Strength,_and_Power.37.aspx
I listened to a podcast that talked about how depending on the type or training an athlete does they may be able to train their slow twitch muscle fibers into fast twitch, is there any science that supports that?
There sho is Mike. Check out the link I posted in response to Amanda Bojak's comment! Awesome review of the literature on that topic
Jacob, what hardware/software can be used to draw on the slide while recording it?
In most of my videos I use PowerPoint on an iPad and record the screen. I make notes with an iPencil. It seems to work well for simple underlining, but when complex diagrams are needed like in my biomechanics videos I use programs like Notability for the extra colors, textures, and tools available.
@@DrJacobGoodin thanks