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Ten Minute History - The French Wars of Religion (Short Documentary)
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- čas přidán 15. 08. 2024
- Twitter: / tenminhistory
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Recommended reading:
The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 by Mack P. Holt. - Pretty much THE go to book about the French Wars of Religion. You won't get better since this one set the standard.
Early Modern Europe, 1450-1789 by Merry E. Weisner-Hanks. A great overview of early modern Europe which will give great context to events (especially religious and military) in France during this period. I'll always recommend this book to anyone studying the period.
Hello everyone. Just to let you know that next week is the first week in which there's no more preset video length anymore and the new formats come into effect. As of next week there'll be 2 videos per week but they'll be shorter than ten minutes (expect 3-6) for 90%, some will be longer than 10 though.
Tuesday's episode will be 'The Opium Wars' and Friday's will be 'The Great Terror: Stalin's Purges'. Hope you enjoy the new content format as I'm very excited for it.
Oh yeah Papa Stalin!
you cant really say much in 3 minutes, but the usual format was getting stale. good call on changing it.
Nice! Can’t wait!
Not being 10 minutes?!
:O
IS THAT LEGAL?!
Looking forward to more videos, this is the best youtube history channel that I know
Oh boy I sure love being the King of France and attend this jousting tournament in 1559!
Oh no that lance is headed for the French king’s eye, oh no he has his AirPods in oh god oh fukc
Fun fact the greatest surgeons like Ambroise Paré tried to assist him but he suffered like 2 or 3 days of agony, I have my part in cars accident and other nasty stuff but I cannot imagine the pain. Jousting is great on paper but if you're truly unlucky or not protected enough, it can get messy!
They usually used lances with round tips, so as to not stab their opponents. After their first bout, the king's opponents lance broke, but the king insisted for another one and did not care to wait. Also, the horse he was riding was called "Bad Luck", or something to that effect
Personally I prefer sending my heirs off hunting.
Navarre is in modern-day Spain, not France. This video confuses Navarre with Béarne, which was where Henry was born.
1:40 “Burny burny time” is without a doubt the funniest line ever made about this period
Lol, imagine in the future instead of talking about the prosecution of protestants in the 16th century they be talking about the prosecution of the jews in the 19th century and saying "for the jews it meant gasy gasy time" and everybody thinking it's hilarious.
Fly Beep Scars heal overtime ❄️ And in end it is just human stupidity
@@flybeep1661 it is hilarious
@@flybeep1661 Aren't people already doing that? Lol.
Also, it was the 20th century, not the 19th. 19th century is 1800s, 20th is 1900s
Switzerland should change their motto to
"Housing exiles for over 500 years"
"Housing exiles for over 500 years, if they have money" would be more current
You forgot to include argentina
@@GMOPeyton no Argentina is fascists
@@ryomaanime4563 house of savoia moment
_Switzerland: Europe's Crash Couch_
Take a shot every time France has a war of religion
Neither side wins and protestants are given more rights
Take a shot whenever France has some sort of revolution
luke johnson or major protest (not riots though as that many shots would kill anyone)
Gideon Mele if you are fewer than 70 kilos you still die from your way
@@lukejohnson1079 there aren't enough drinks
I am from Aquitaine (South West of France).
I love wandering in the country side, and discover/visit some Medieval ruins.
90% of Medieval castle became ruins and were abandoned for only 3 reasons :
- French revolution
- Fronde (French Civil War between the parliaments and the King Louis XIV)
But by far, the war that brought most of the destruction that can still be see today, are the religions wars.
I have at least 10 to 20 of old castle/church/monastery ruined the religion wars in a 50km radius around my town.
This war was insane.
Things like that happen when the wifi goes out.
You're from Queen Eleanor's province!
I mean if 2 Castles in the 50km radius of your town gets destroyed per Religious War, it means 16 CASTLES. I dont know much about the Fronde or the French Revolution, but The Religious Wars were both many and span a massive time frame (several decades) and also were much earlier than the other two, and closer to the era of Castles.
Only Jesus Christ blood can cleanse us of are sins come to Jesus Christ today
Romans 6:23
For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Come to Jesus Christ today
Jesus Christ is only way to heaven
Repent and follow him today seek his heart Jesus Christ can fill the emptiness he can fill the void.
The Holy Spirit can lead you guide and confort you through it all
Heaven and hell is real cone to the loving savior today
Today is the day of salvation tomorrow might be to late come to the loving savior today
John 3:16-21
16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. 17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. 18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. 19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.
Mark 1.15
15 And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.
2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.
Hebrews 11:6
6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
Jesus
Only Jesus Christ blood can cleanse us of are sins come to Jesus Christ today
Romans 6:23
For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Come to Jesus Christ today
Jesus Christ is only way to heaven
Repent and follow him today seek his heart Jesus Christ can fill the emptiness he can fill the void.
The Holy Spirit can lead you guide and confort you through it all
Heaven and hell is real cone to the loving savior today
Today is the day of salvation tomorrow might be to late come to the loving savior today
John 3:16-21
16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. 17 For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. 18 He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. 19 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. 20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. 21 But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.
Mark 1.15
15 And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.
2 Peter 3:9
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.
Hebrews 11:6
6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
Jesus
Man, imagine being friend-zoned by Elizabeth I of all people.
To think this could created a union between France and England Canada in Europe
Actually what would be more insane is Elizabeth actually accepting your marriage offer.
I won't reenact this in EU4, I won't reenact this in EU4,I won't reenact this in EU4.
Just take humanist ideas and then invade England. Problem solved.
Every time I watch his vids I get an urge to play either eu4 or ck2.
Plot twist, play as Spain or Austria and annex the French State. Make the HRE Great Again.
@@kathic6402 Literally my first France game
Big Blue Blob
I think the lesson here is "don't celebrate victories by participating in jousting tournaments."
I knew the French wars of religion had been chaotic but I never imagined this level of a shitshow.
You can’t even imagine how many times Henry IV converted to catholicism
Us, French, can't be happy without our daily dose of civil war
The wars of religion is some game of thrones level of civil war, with families fighting each others through different generations, bloody weddings, foreign invaders, betrayals, alliances... It would make a great show !
I always call it the "French Wars of the Roses" although it's not at all but it's cool.
Actually george r r martin based a lot of got stuff on english and french medieval to modern history.
And you can feel it knowing this history and watching got !
@@kint87 I feel like someone says this on any history video that talks about anything between Rome and Napoleon
All of french history is basically a gigantic Game of Thrones anyway. Look for "les rois maudits" (The accursed kings) and see for yourself the next level shit that France went through that led to the 100 years war.
Hmm good inspiration for a novel
"Burnie-burnie time." O dear lord
Man why didn’t Bernie Sanders make that his slogan “Bernie-Bernie time”
@@gregwalker500 shit, was just about to put that
Next it’s guillotine guillotine time
@@jesse6211 you mean guillotime?
@@jesse6211 choppy choppy time
4:21 “Begone Prot” 🤣🤣🤣
lmao
*millions of people have been killed or murdered* let's make a joke of it!
begone snowflake @@TexasViking_INFP-t_5w4
@@VarietyGamerChannel not a snowflake I just find it funny that everything is a joke nowadays.
@@TexasViking_INFP-t_5w4 comedy = tragedy + time
B E G O N E
P R O T !
G O A W A Y
I A M A C A T H O L I C M A N O F G O D
Izuku commit “burn at stake”
I like that emblem in your thumbnail. What is it ?
"EVERY CHRISTIAN. IS A CHILD OF GOD"
"IF THEE BREATH. THOU ART A PROOOOOOOOOOOOT!!!!!!!"
"Henry wanted the response to Protestantism in France to be a French one."
Yeah, several decades of kicking its own ass is pretty French.
It didn't exactly go better (later) in the HRE. I mean, the 30 years war, aka the most deadly european conflict until WW1, with a very large portion of the HRE's population simply dying.
Pretty ignorant (but I assume it was "too tempting" to bash the french), as the wars of religion were worse in several places in Europe. Also, the most deadly of the french wars of religion, was the one with foreign powers involved.
Another stupid french hater. You should look at history, It was not better in other countries. How long did the 30-year war last on the lands of present-day Germany. How long did the war between the Netherlands and the Spanish Netherlands last. Have you heard anything about the English Revolution?
@@fabcheche2576 Oh boo hoo. It's a mildly funny CZcams comment I assure you your petite little feelings will be okay
@@laynaTheLobster You have big issues. I hope you'll be okay though.
The way you teach history is perfect, as you mix the historical facts with a bit of comical relief so it doesn't get boring
Unfortunately he is not "teaching history". The whole concept of "wars of religion" in this period is deeply flawed and mostly nonsense.
If at first you don't succeed, try seven more times and achieve very little.
Watch aggretsukko
Britain taking notes on the wars of coalitions
@@MaitrePotato well they did win in the end, so maybe not that good of an example.
@@crocodileguy4319 not really in fact, if you consider that one of the main motivations for these wars was to keep the influencial france as a monarchy to not spread ideology relative to democracy in the rest of europe. In the end, republic did win. Even in constitutional monarchies like england it really did.
If you take it from a "france was too powerful at the time" statement, that might not really be true, france had already lost its huge adavantage in population in europe by the time napoleon was arround and had pretty lost the seven years war.
@@crocodileguy4319 Indeed. The French lost hard in the long run, and would spend the 140 years post-1815 under Pax-Brittannica, with the also english(ish) speaking Pax-Americana taking over from that.
France: like Spain once with the chance of world domination... until they lost it forever.
I jut love the thud whenever somebody dies. Idk it just makes it so damn funny
I am impressed how unimpressed those protestants looked like while being burned!
they were burned on the stake since jesus did
I don't know... i mean...by thIs time i think they see It coming 😅
If you dont burn to death with dignity, what are you doing with your life
@Zachary Durocher I think he meant since Jesus died in a painful way, they knew they would at least be rewarded by going to Heaven
@@Toonrick12 Protestants in heaven? Ha!
To put it into perspective, number of death are estimated to be 3 millions, hence 0.06-0.065% of the world population.
Ww1 number of death were 0.11% of the population.
Those wars were extremely bloody.
Because they couldn't decide how to worship a fantasy character correctly.
@@MrSniperfox29 redditors and their takes
@@MrSniperfox29 The redditor has spoken
@@ilcondottierocartografo6770 i can "hear" the fedora tipping from here.
@@MrSniperfox29
More like the catholics enjoying their corrupt power and not wanting to stop, and the protestants wanting catholics not to be corrupt.
Same bullshit we're having nowadays
Wait a minute this isn't ten minutes. It's nine minutes and 59 seconds
youtube appears to remove 1 second from the end of video in post production because it counts 0-9:99.99, if you look at the thumbnail it still says 10 minutes.
@@bemusedalligator they're time bandits
Kim Jong-un u see you everywhere
Wait a second and your just fine
Henri IV switching religion was pretty much part of his whole life. His father, Duke Antoine de Bourbon, was a catholic and his mother, Queen Jeanne d'Albret of Navarre, a calvinist. Though he was baptized as a catholic, his mother instructed him in the doctrine of Jean Calvin. His father, in the other hand, wanted him to be a catholic. So when Henri was with his father in the French court, he behaved as a catholic. When he was in Navarre, he was a protestant. It explains his pragmatic approach to religion. Being part of both worlds, he was very merciful and humane as a protestant leader, preventing massacres and churches destruction in the towns he took.
Missed the chance to say "flock of Guise" shame on you
ROC is real china
he did say geesers tho
@@Therworldtube yes
"Begone Prot"
This is why I fell in love with this channel and have been binging it this last week of lockdown.
History Matters is not one of the best history channels on CZcams but among the best in general hands down. The narrator's sarcasm always kills me. "The next year another war broke out because, why not?" LOVE THIS!!
I love how you always manage to include a bunch of small jokes in your videos for people who've read about the subject. Like how Henry IV's famous alleged quote "Paris is worth a mass" has been simplified to "I love mass now" on a sign.
4/10 not enough Louis
Not counting Napoleon (has he was emperor and not a monarch of the old regime), Henri IV was the last non Louis before the 1820s and the last non Louis king to die on the throne.
@@aure9495 What about Charles X?
@@Sarsol1989 He was forced to abdicate by the three day revolution of 1830. So was his successor, Louis Philippe by the revolution of 1848 and the Napoleons by the defeat of 1815 and 1870.
@@Sarsol1989 He became king in 1824. That's why he said the last non Louis king until the 1820s if you exclude Napoleon I since he isn't a traditional king.
Henry IV of France's heir is Louis XIII.
"If you thought that the Catholic nobility in France were worried before, well now they were downright hysterical."
Save us Jezas bahahahahah
bro i read this comment literally at the exact same time he said it in the video like word for word
That is my favorite part.
@@Fsockey HAHAHAHAHAHAHAH
@@sieevansetiawan4792 The best part, hahahah
This is the best line
1:42 That guy can can really feel the Bern!
ROC is real china
Therworldtube Hell yeah!
@@thatfighterguy5846 If you want to, you can voluntarily subscribe to my channel and see what I have created content
I try to make the titles match the situation of the video, even if it's not economically beneficial due to many of them aren't 10 minutes.
Therworldtube it really isn’t, since that phrase is really a lost cause
And this is argument against "Medicare for all"
"he returned from Netherlands in shame in 1573.
Fortunately for Francis, he didn't have to live in shame for to long time as he died in 1574."
😭🤣
I can see why my french protestant ancestors left for the new world.
@Danny Isambard yup, one of them was 15 and had lost his father and grandfather to the violence. I also have some english Quaker ancestery who I take it had it pretty hard in the old country.
Many settled in Westchester north of the Bronx in New Rochelle.
Yes. But that was 100 years after ghe wars of religion were over in France.
mine left too-- headed for England then new world
@ᜁᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌ ᜃᜆᜓᜎᜒᜃ Said my native and african brothers
"Paris is at least worth a mass." King Henry IV
The Chainsmokers: Paris is worth a song
Should it not be 'Paris is well worth a Mass' 'Paris vaut bien une messe': if it were 'at least', would it not be, 'Au moins, Paris vaut une messe'?
France in 16th century: my religion is the only true religion.
France in 1789: fuck religion who need that nowadays.
7:48 King of France calling for the estates general. Uh oh. When does that ever end well?
Well, in this case, it ended well.
This is the historical context that made Richelieu into who he was, and enabled him to do what he did. France had been devastated by sectarian civil war. After all that, a domestic policy based on religious tolerance and a foreign policy that put national interest above religious allegiance suddenly had a whole new level of appeal to it.
Oh man...8 wars all ending in stalemate. Can you imagine how frustrating that must have been for everyone. They lost countless lives...for nothing. No gain, no win, just a bunch of violence for violence sake.
"Burny-burny time" is my new favourite euphemism for religious persecution. XD
@@randomalien7746 Miten niin?
@@anttibjorklund1869 ei mitään, en vaan pysty olla sanomatta n-sanaa. Hyvää päivän jatkoa.
@@randomalien7746 Kannattaa opetella olemaan sanomatta sitä :D
"The two Guises"... my ears keep hearing "The two Geezers". Brilliant.
I would love to see a history of the medici family and/or florence video
was only a couple minutes into the video when I commented this, didn't know the catherine de medici was in it. pretty ironic
not ironic at all*
Fun fact: when the Edict of Nantes was revoked years later by Louis XIV, a German-born French Protestant named Friedrich Hermann von Schönberg was expelled from the country. He then went on to become a commander for William of Orange and died during the Battle of the Boyne. His tombstone inscription was written by Jonathan Swift. William of Orange then went on to be one of the biggest forces holding Louis back from conquering Europe.
Well Louis the XIV wasn't interested in conquering Europe, but more so on destroying the Habsburgs and getting Prestige for France.. And that's about it. He was no conqueror
Condé is pronounced as cohn-day (more or less), not cohnt.
also the s of Amboise is pronounced: ã'bwa:z.
@That Guy dont worry mate we got a tricky language ^^
Already nice you learn it !
Also the g in Huguenots is closer to the s sound in vision than a soft g in English
@@testadalord01432 no, it's definitely a hard g here
Fair enough my bad bruv
Or as the Four Musketeers put it, "You mean we're at war because they want to say their prayers in French while we say our prayers in Latin?"
"Oh, Porthos, I'm surprised at you. That's what religious wars are all about."
'Day of the Barricades'
A name that really stands out as a unique event in Parisian history
4:20
“Begone Prot”
I can’t these videos are top notch
I absolutely love watching your videos, whether it’s part of a series or a one off videos, I love your graphics (especially when a person comes down with a case of the deads) and your level of snark is perfect! Thanks for making these and making your channel one of my favorites on CZcams! 😃👍🏻
I read somewhere that those wars caused 2-4 million deaths. Let that sink in.
G-d apparently approves of everyone fighting and dying for Her
Prots cause lots of death
@Jedem Das Seine every time lol
It just proves that there is nothing worse than a bored frenchman.
And the population of France was like 20 million back then. In proportion, 2-4 million deaths in the 1500s would be like 6-12 million deaths today. Everyone would lose several friends & relatives.
The amount of emotion you convey with just some eyebrows and a sign is unreal. 10/10
Another example of German efficiency! They decided to consolidate their religious war to one 30 year war and streamline the process.
Keep up the amazing work. Love the channel. Watching these episodes makes me feel like it’s 1995 and I’m enjoying listening to my favourite teacher. You make history exciting and accessible.
"Begone Prot" LOL
A medicine through history to help me with my gcses?
I'll add it to the list and I'll be sure to get it out before exams.
Unlucky mate, I did America in the 1920’s instead, way better
Between 1400-1600 blame the church for all that is bad.
Did crime and punishment for mine. Way more interesting
Did it at gcse myself. Much of it boils down to “this guy was proven wrong”, “church held development back and Muslims were more advanced than Christians” and “actual important medical advancements from the mid 1600s onwards”
History of UK and of France! Love this channel!
"4/10 'not enough Louis'".
.
.
.
.
.
.
Makes sense
"fortunately for Francis, he didn't have to live through that shame"
me: oh, so he's now popular?
"he died in 1584"
me: 😐
HE’S BACK BOOOIIIIISSS
Just give him more money on patreon to quicken the progress
“Conde” has an acute accent on the final “e” and so should be pronounced as Conday.
yep!
as in "café"!
the final ten minute history. beautiful
Protestants: exist
Catholics: “ *n o* “
I'm a French History teacher. SO GREAT video. Thanks.
You know what was another interesting religious conflict? The Glorious Revolution. You should make a 10 minute video on that. You already drew Queen Elizabeth so well, I be you could do it for Mary and Anne as well.
I well never stop giggling at your french pronounciation.
french is a surrender language
@@Therworldtube funny that you speak it, surrender boy
Ten Minute History: *changes format*
Wait that’s illegal
Burny Burny time... oh my!
Come on! You didn't quote one of the most famous phrases in history made by Henry the IV, when he was being offered the throne in exchange to convert to Catholism (yet again): "Well, Paris is well worth a mass!"
It's not really when he was being offered the throne because he was technically already the king according to the law of successions. He converted because he couldn't take Paris and released that France, and especially Paris, would never accept a protestant king. So after years of war he just decided to give up and converted because it was the only way to end the civil war.
The jokes about that on the boards are much more subtle, and therefore funnier, than actually giving the quote!
Burny burny time lol
Funnily enough, Henry IV is best known in France not for the Edit de Nantes but because he was a genuinely loving father for his many children (legitimate or not). He asked that they called him "papa" (daddy) instead of "father" and he spent a lot of time with them.
There is even this famous" incident" where he received the Spanish ambassador on all fours because he was playing horse for some of his kids.
Even the French Revolutionaries had trouble hating Henry IV. The subsequent kings, no problem.
There used to be local band here called Revenge of the Hugenots
21st century:
Oh noooo I don't want to be drafted for ww3!
16th century:
8 civil wars within 54 years' time.
How many wars of religion and republics do you want?
France: Oui.
Holy shit, the “Save us Jesus” sign got me like XD haha
Please never stop making videos
“which meant for the Protestants, 🔥burny burny🔥 time would continue” my lord 😂💀
French kings being Protestant in France = panic and persecution
English kings being Catholic in England = panic and persecution
Why didn’t they just switch kingdoms?!?
They were close cousins anyway with all that intermarriage they did! One boat ride would’ve settled the whole thing.
That's the obvious solution that no one ever saw
Should be mentioned that Henry IV was assassinated too. All three Henrys in the War of the Three Henrys ended up assassinated.
6:39 I love this so much
Thank you so much for uploading this one, been looking forward to a video on the French Wars of Religion
Allegedly Henry of Navarre said about his strategic Catholic conversion in order to be King of France "Paris is worth a Mass."
6:44 I can’t stop laughing at this.
This is part of why the founding fathers of the United States thought that a constitutional amendment forbidding the establishment of a state religion might be a good idea.
Protestents: *exists*
Catholics: and I took that personally.
Just stumbled onto your channel and LOVE it! I'm currently doing a lot of research on the French Revolution and will go see if you have any videos on the subject. I hope so, as it is fascinating and a lot of what is going on today has many parallels with the French Revolution.
Thanks for all the good info. Love the visuals. Maybe just if you could speak a little slower, sometimes the info goes by too quickly. Just subbed.
4/10
'not enough Louis'
☄️☄️☄️
I miss the
"Fun fact: No" -Mug.
I really wanted that one
In Québec, we study this period of history in one sentence : "Fleeing religious and political conflict in France..."
DEUS VULT, but for whom?
Protestant cause deus vult is Latin and the Protestants stopped/weakened Latin influence on Christianity
@@davesdinnerz9243 Can't escape the Latin alphabet. Typographical character problem.
Broccoli 24 protestants can never be lost
@Joseph Walsh yes you are correct Protestents are heretics.
For the catholics
just love how almost every minor-medium sized war in the middle ages is just described as "because why not"
This is not the Middle Ages this is the Renaissance.
The big winners of these war of religion are Switzerland, the city of London, the fledgeling American colonies, etc... The exodus of the French Hugenots braught their craftmanship to the lands that welcomed them. I am Swiss from a Huguenot family and there are many famous swiss brands (notably in the watch industry) that come from Huguenots families.
"...for the rest of his reign which would end...due to death" this is the kind of content I LOVE on this channel XD
way better than the armchair historian
10 minute restricted time content vs sponsored channel
Therworldtube facts
agree
That armchair dude bores me
Whoa!
6:25 He caught a bad case of being *friendzoned*
Glad to see this kind of informative, clear, funny and very nicely done vid..."Paris vaut bien une messe!"...Greetings from France!
“Burny burny time would continue”
😂😂😂
“The two geezers didn’t simply dominate the king”- a west London story
Let's remember this awesome last 10 min video. RIP
Glad you tackled this subject
I love the work you put into these, and am eagerly awaiting my Austria-Hungry T-Shirt😁 Keep up the good work😁
Hope you're better now
2:27 Is this real life Cersei ?
Oh wait, she was the good one.
ree
xD
I love your videos! Making history fun!
I love history, I read about it quite a bit. You do a wonderful job with your videos!