Video není dostupné.
Omlouváme se.

7 Essential Ways To Control The Ball In The Air | Easy First Touch Skills Tutorial

Sdílet
Vložit
  • čas přidán 17. 08. 2024
  • Get CONTROLLO: The Ultimate First Touch Training Program here: www.7mlctraini...
    The first touch is the most important skill to master in football. Everything you do in football revolves around your touch. A good quality first touch allows you to have a better body positioning when shooting, dribbling, passing and even beating players one v one to help you score more goals and assists for your team. With these 7 essential ways to control the ball, you will be able to control the ball in a variety of ways no matter how the ball is passed to you in the air. Being able to control the ball with all the different parts of the body will give you more opportunities to have a good first touch. Learn these essential first touch skills in this easy step by step tutorial to improve your performance on the pitch.
    .............................................................................................................................................................
    For training programs, training apparel, blogs and more; check out the 7MLC Training Wesbite: www.7mlctraini...
    Listen to The 7mlc Podcast here: anchor.fm/7mlc...
    Follow me on social media:
    Instagram:
    Personal - / michaellewiscunningham
    7mlcTraining - / 7mlctraining
    Facebook: / michaellewiscunningham
    Twitter: / cunnygoesham
    For Business Inquires Email:
    info@7mlctraining.com
    ..............................................................................................................................................................
    amazon affiliate links Please note, I make a percentage of qualifying purchases. Thank you for supporting the channel
    main camera body: amzn.to/2nyd31A
    my camera gear: amzn.to/2p0qQOS
    go pro I use: amzn.to/3126tOh
    my apple watch: amzn.to/31YCOH3
    water bottle: amzn.to/2AVcK3P
    training disks: amzn.to/2LZN8sW
    training cones: amzn.to/321zHhU
    rebounder: amzn.to/2LYZ920
    goalshot: amzn.to/30Z30Ae
    agility ladder: amzn.to/2p3rZoR
    ..............................................................................................................................................................
    Music:
    Imaginary Love by INOSSI / inossi
    Creative Commons - Attribution 3.0 Unported - CC BY 3.0
    Free Download / Stream: bit.ly/imagina...
    Music promoted by Audio Library • Imaginary Love - INOSS...
    Underground Stars by Loxbeats spoti.fi/34tPBBO
    Creative Commons - Attribution 3.0 Unported - CC BY 3.0
    Free Download / Stream: bit.ly/undergr...
    Music promoted by Audio Library • Underground Stars - Lo...
    ..............................................................................................................................................................
    Tags: how to improve your first touch, how to control the ball in the air, first touch drills for soccer players, how to chest a soccer ball, how to control the ball with your chest, how to have a good first touch, workout for soccer players, ball mastery workout for soccer players, crossing drills for soccer players, individual crossing drills, shooting drills for soccer players, shooting drills for footballers, finishing drills for soccer players, soccer finishing drills, soccer shooting drills, drills for tight space control, how to dribble in tight spaces, how to dribble like Messi, ball mastery training, ball mastery exercises, best ball mastery exercises, how to improve ball control, learn to master the ball, 10 ball mastery exercises, football dribbling skills, how to dribble a soccer ball, easy soccer skills for beginners, easy dribbling moves to beat defenders, easy dribbling skills, how to dribble defenders, how to beat defenders 1v1, how to dribble like Ronaldo, how to dribble like Neymar, how to dribble like Messi, best dribbling moves to beat defenders, best dribbling skills

Komentáře • 276

  • @m_naz2238
    @m_naz2238 Před 3 lety +56

    0:30 - inside the foot
    2:20 - laces
    2:58 - outside the foot
    3:46 - the sole of the foot
    4:29 - using the thighs
    5:10 - chest control
    5:47 - top of the foot

  • @seqyi7111
    @seqyi7111 Před 4 lety +143

    First touch is everything!

  • @cleaninseattle1551
    @cleaninseattle1551 Před 4 lety +14

    Awesome video! My oldest son was very impressed by the over the shoulder control of the ball, so we got the Controllo training program. His first touch is already quite good, but he's ready to take it to the next level. Thanks for all that you do for the beautiful game

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +4

      Really appreciate that, thank you! Hope he enjoys the program. Best wishes to you both!

  • @williamq.6233
    @williamq.6233 Před 4 lety +34

    So I'm assuming your next program will be GOLAZO. Can't wait cuz I need to start scoring more goals.Keep up the great work Michael 👍👍👍

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +5

      You read my mind 😉

    • @yohanterrazas0712
      @yohanterrazas0712 Před 3 lety

      @@7mlc ayooo we need that asap!! haha

    • @emmanuelsidibay66
      @emmanuelsidibay66 Před 3 lety +1

      Thanks man, Am already thanking u cuz I know the video u gonna make is gonna help me a lot cuz I wanna be scoring more goals

  • @anirudhm2524
    @anirudhm2524 Před 4 lety +27

    This was much needed one. Thanks Cunningham. But try to make a video on scheduling the training routine like duration,fitness,physique etc.

    • @adrianors89
      @adrianors89 Před 4 lety

      A&H 17 yeahhh this is def needed

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +6

      You can check out my free 28 day pre-preseason program where I shown my entire training schedule for 4 weeks. You’ll find it in my playlists 👍

  • @andresgk3365
    @andresgk3365 Před 4 lety +2

    I've waited so long for this video someone who can actually explain and show it thanks for the video.

  • @jendarplays721
    @jendarplays721 Před 4 lety +11

    Your teaching me I’m teaching my son ☺️
    Great tutorial ❤️

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +4

      Thank you! Happy to hear you’re teaching your son, great stuff!

  • @ihejietopascal8457
    @ihejietopascal8457 Před 4 lety +11

    This is a great video... 👍

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Thanks so much!

  • @da_streetskills
    @da_streetskills Před 4 lety +17

    I try practice my first touch is maybe using a wall to practice or repeat it so many times to be more effective player on the pitch Michael.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +3

      Love to hear it David!

  • @BardofCornwall
    @BardofCornwall Před 4 lety +2

    A pleasure to watch someone so skilled.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks so much for the kind words!

  • @paulkim46
    @paulkim46 Před 4 lety +3

    Great as always- the way you cushion the balls down to feet is mesmerizing mate. I've been steadily improving my first touch, but there's always room for improvement! Working on directional first touches and gna have to check out Controllo. Keep up the great work Michael!

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +2

      Thanks so much Paul! Keep on going with it. First touch is one of those things that just continuously needs work. Appreciate it man!

  • @abdoulayebamba7749
    @abdoulayebamba7749 Před 4 lety +4

    bonjour ,j’apprécie vos vidéos sur le football, et prête avec beaucoup d'attentions ce que vous faites. chaque geste que vous faites, après exercice, vous faites passer la vidéo au ralentis, ce qui permet à tout un chacun de mieux suivre la démonstration.je vous souhaite beaucoup de courages .Monsieur Bamba

  • @yaboiclout4450
    @yaboiclout4450 Před 4 lety +5

    Your skills are really amazing I’ve seen improvement

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +3

      Happy to hear of your improvements!

  • @jishnus1438
    @jishnus1438 Před 4 lety +1

    Very Helpfull mate💯 thanks alot. The last one it helps me.

  • @fieldymunro
    @fieldymunro Před 4 lety +2

    Yes Michael!
    Gonna Work on those directionals
    Love it

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks brother!

  • @andredognini917
    @andredognini917 Před 4 lety

    Best first touch CZcams video in the story! I can't find better videos

  • @karlsylney3486
    @karlsylney3486 Před 4 lety +1

    Thanks for sharing mate. First touch is so important in a game.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Absolutely right mate!

  • @monilarora3435
    @monilarora3435 Před 4 lety +3

    Thanks bro for this tutorial
    Nice work BTW

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      You’re more than welcome mate!

  • @anpavel992
    @anpavel992 Před 4 lety +120

    Hey wait some years I’m gonna to be a best player in the world

    • @michaelwilcox404
      @michaelwilcox404 Před 4 lety +19

      Right attitude mate 👊

    • @san-qg6nr
      @san-qg6nr Před 4 lety +20

      i hope so that i can use your card in FIFA.....25 or 26

    • @anpavel992
      @anpavel992 Před 4 lety +4

      My name is An Pavel

    • @anpavel992
      @anpavel992 Před 4 lety +3

      You can subscribe on my instagram APVLIKN and comment

    • @JumppyTM
      @JumppyTM Před 4 lety +5

      An Pavel Good luck with corona

  • @inultuz5891
    @inultuz5891 Před 4 lety +3

    Thank you very much for this!

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      You’re more than welcome!

  • @bertalanbanki6036
    @bertalanbanki6036 Před 3 lety +2

    I think you teach football in the most sensible way..
    Anyway, can you introduce some points in either of your future videos about how to becoming better in football quickly? Thanks for your response.

  • @quanghuynguyen8886
    @quanghuynguyen8886 Před 3 lety +1

    Great and relaxing

  • @TheKloubiZone
    @TheKloubiZone Před 4 lety +9

    First of all: Nice video, well explained :)
    I just discovered your Channel and already went through some Videos of yours.
    And one im missing or just to dumb to find, is a video about Mealtiming especially before Training and Matches?
    Keep going.
    Yours sincerely
    Dominik

    • @Crackmode119
      @Crackmode119 Před 4 lety +2

      TheKloubiZone
      I think everyone is different there tbh. I got a buddy who loved to eat right before a match. I would go on an empty stomach. Just preference.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +2

      As mentioned above, there isn’t a singular method that will have great results for everyone. Each athlete is different and respond in their own way to certain foods/times they eat. You just need to figure out what works best for you.

  • @siyavuyasam2033
    @siyavuyasam2033 Před 4 lety +1

    I've been working on my ball control......
    Thanks mlc for the video

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      That’s great to hear mate, keep it up!

  • @renjithr9032
    @renjithr9032 Před 4 lety +25

    HOW MANY YEAR YOU TAKE TO STUDY THESE MUCH SKILL AND DRIBBLING

    • @Crackmode119
      @Crackmode119 Před 4 lety +9

      renjith R
      Go outside & practice. In one hour you should have an idea.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +9

      It’s a continuous practice mate. You can never get too good at controlling the ball.

  • @KapilMaharjantractorspareparts

    Best balance and control over the ball. Superb

  • @kavelleserrette5518
    @kavelleserrette5518 Před 4 lety +3

    Good stuff👍

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thank you mate!

  • @user-ce6qq4pr4p
    @user-ce6qq4pr4p Před 3 lety

    Thanks for the video

  • @Curlyfri_yahir
    @Curlyfri_yahir Před 4 lety +1

    You’ve come a long way bro! I’m always happy to see your videos!!

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks for your support man!

  • @flynn7196
    @flynn7196 Před 4 lety +4

    Adidas sponsor?! Great video btw loved it!

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Thanks man!

  • @jhuniorjhunior4422
    @jhuniorjhunior4422 Před 4 lety +2

    first touch everything

  • @stopnmotion8329
    @stopnmotion8329 Před 4 lety

    thanks for these videos man now I can practice my these to do in games

  • @FadeAdqil
    @FadeAdqil Před rokem +1

    Mike. Is there a way to improve the eye and ball and foot coordination for first touch. Im having trouble with judging the ball when it comes from an angle

  • @maxizepeshd7376
    @maxizepeshd7376 Před 3 lety +1

    Niceee
    First touch and positioning is da best

  • @vitocarbonara7770
    @vitocarbonara7770 Před 3 lety

    Nice video. Excellent!!!

  • @bruh4yeah255
    @bruh4yeah255 Před 4 lety

    Really great job on this

  • @xolilenkomo4974
    @xolilenkomo4974 Před 4 lety +1

    Wassup Michael like your vids Imma give u a shout out when i appear on TV playing for JUventus

  • @aovi8191
    @aovi8191 Před 4 lety +1

    Quality video as always mike! Have you ever experienced shin splints before? And if so what did you do to recover quickly?

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Hi mate, I have actually. If you suddenly increase the intensity/duration/frequency of your sessions it’s quite common.
      I little ice and rest should help. Also incorporate some stretch/ foot flexion work into your routine to help strengthen and stretch the area. Also ensure you are making gradual increases to your training instead.
      Hope you recover soon mate!

    • @aovi8191
      @aovi8191 Před 4 lety

      Thank you mate, will begin to incorporate stretching and foot flexion. People were saying I was overtraining, but I knew that 3 individual sessions, 1 team training session and 1 game per week wasn’t too much as I know there’s people out there doing far more than that. It’s definitely just the sudden intensity increase that my body isn’t used to, so I’ll start gradually increasing my work load throughout the weeks. Thanks again mate!

  • @SyamsulHakimy
    @SyamsulHakimy Před 4 lety +1

    Thankyou for made this video, i can learn too

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      You’re welcome mate!

  • @michailsiameregn4539
    @michailsiameregn4539 Před 4 lety +1

    just clicked the like button with out watching...😜 thank you bro.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks for supporting mate!

  • @makubungseretse5255
    @makubungseretse5255 Před 4 lety

    Thank you very much for this

  • @lamp8776
    @lamp8776 Před 4 lety

    Thank you. Your video always helps me.

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Happy to help

  • @Bjkohbbnkllkb
    @Bjkohbbnkllkb Před 4 lety

    Amazing
    Thank you

  • @hafidzabdul5227
    @hafidzabdul5227 Před 3 lety

    Thanks

  • @timayo9089
    @timayo9089 Před 3 měsíci

    Appreciate 🎉🎉🎉

  • @lmxqlmxq
    @lmxqlmxq Před 4 lety

    amazing... thank you

  • @michellep1125
    @michellep1125 Před 4 lety

    This really helps me

  • @CPfreestyle2011
    @CPfreestyle2011 Před 4 lety +1

    awesome content

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thank you!

  • @anpavel992
    @anpavel992 Před 4 lety +19

    I’m gonna training to my first touch

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +2

      Great stuff!

  • @supertenchoo4271
    @supertenchoo4271 Před 4 lety +1

    I like jumping when i controll high ball...nice video bro

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Thanks so much!

  • @manickanand1926
    @manickanand1926 Před 4 lety

    I will try this

  • @felimonreynoso1293
    @felimonreynoso1293 Před 4 lety

    Hell yeaa. If people new here trust me this guy is the real deal

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Appreciate the support mate!

  • @terrificdude8313
    @terrificdude8313 Před 4 lety

    Great video bro!!!

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thank you bro!

  • @a1ien970
    @a1ien970 Před 4 lety

    I convince my soccer team, Junior 08 Elite Nothern Texas Machester City to watch and learn from your awesome videos.

  • @KORAHOURS-ul4mg
    @KORAHOURS-ul4mg Před 4 lety +1

    Perfect

  • @youtubemakerochild4087
    @youtubemakerochild4087 Před 4 lety +3

    The grass is distracting yet very soothing

  • @guillaumelalonde5166
    @guillaumelalonde5166 Před 2 lety

    Of course you have a detailed video for that too.
    You're a fucking legend friend.

  • @feelscoolman6074
    @feelscoolman6074 Před 4 lety

    love your football boots !!!

  • @kimiridge492
    @kimiridge492 Před 4 lety +2

    Hi Mike! Great tips as always! Have you ever considered to add a special bundle pack to the programs? Like a discount for who wants to buy all of them... I would definitely get it! I've already got Rapido by the way ;-)

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +2

      That’s a great idea mate, I’ll have to look into a way to combine them. Thanks!

  • @zukamakhatadze14
    @zukamakhatadze14 Před 4 lety +4

    Hey, how many time a week should i train on my own?
    Does training 2-3 times a week is enough?

    • @koul_2482
      @koul_2482 Před 4 lety

      Probably 5x a week. Pros usually do 5-7

    • @TheMCexpert63
      @TheMCexpert63 Před 4 lety +4

      If you have the time, do 5-7 times a week, remember training can also be match analysis and recovery days, doesn’t have to be training on a pitch all the time. I started doing training every single day and I developed a lot in a short amount of time

    • @ennaellares8248
      @ennaellares8248 Před 4 lety

      @@TheMCexpert63 to

  • @anpavel992
    @anpavel992 Před 4 lety

    Always good video

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thank you mate!

  • @morrisjona2545
    @morrisjona2545 Před 4 lety

    Thanks bro

  • @sigmarule1289
    @sigmarule1289 Před 4 lety

    very fantastic video

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thank you!

  • @rvillarroel76
    @rvillarroel76 Před 4 lety

    YOU UPLOADED THIS ON MY BIRTHDAY

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Hope you had a great birthday mate!

  • @arsyhilya3641
    @arsyhilya3641 Před 4 lety +1

    what is your week's training schedule?

  • @billytessio6326
    @billytessio6326 Před 4 lety +2

    I like those shoes bro, can I get the exact product ID?

  • @kanhaiyaahire8578
    @kanhaiyaahire8578 Před 4 lety

    Bro loved all ur video🎥 s

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks so much mate!

  • @efosadestiny2449
    @efosadestiny2449 Před 4 lety

    Thanks bro if u would have a child who want to be a football player tomorrow, he has a great opportunity of becoming world class

  • @sanjaysairam1103
    @sanjaysairam1103 Před 4 lety +3

    When I receive the ball in the midfield, I sort of freeze. Do you have any tips for that

    • @destructive-_-d7122
      @destructive-_-d7122 Před 4 lety +3

      Best thing to do is to have a option in mind before receiving the ball so that when you do receive the ball you won't freeze as you already know what you are going to do

    • @SilvaAcademyFootball
      @SilvaAcademyFootball Před 4 lety +1

      Destructive -_-D 👆 Simple yet Spot on point

    • @destructive-_-d7122
      @destructive-_-d7122 Před 4 lety +1

      Silva Academy no point over complicating it, that’s normally how I play and it works more often than not

    • @SilvaAcademyFootball
      @SilvaAcademyFootball Před 4 lety +1

      Destructive -_-D Strongly agree! Coaches at times give too many instructions to teach the simple concept of: scan then decide.

    • @destructive-_-d7122
      @destructive-_-d7122 Před 4 lety +1

      @@SilvaAcademyFootball exactly all about the basics

  • @parthivisingh4467
    @parthivisingh4467 Před 4 lety

    Please make a video of you doing the controllo day1

  • @user-gn1rw2hc7e
    @user-gn1rw2hc7e Před 4 lety

    اني من العراق ومتابعك بس الوعرف شنو تحجي بس فيدهوتك حلوة بس اللغة الإنجليزية تتكلم بسرعة بس والله مبدع ومهاري بالتوفيق بس سوال طفل الصغير يبدي بتمارين لو يتعلم مهارات وأي تمارين رياضية يتمارين

  • @gumthiik9168
    @gumthiik9168 Před 4 lety

    I rlly love to control balls in the air

  • @StoryScope0
    @StoryScope0 Před 4 lety

    The pitch is 🤩🤩

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Agreed mate!

  • @salikbhatti8514
    @salikbhatti8514 Před 4 lety +4

    First comment plz reply have question

  • @abdarrahmanouassif8306

    إنها أشياء ممتازة 👏👏👏👍

  • @eekinlee888
    @eekinlee888 Před 4 lety

    This guy is next level

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Appreciate that mate!

  • @mugilan2511
    @mugilan2511 Před 4 lety

    great

  • @FootyMedia
    @FootyMedia Před 4 lety

    👍⚽️ great video

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thank you mate!

  • @wesome0756
    @wesome0756 Před rokem

    What if your foot missed the ball, it's in it netter to stop it with your chest?

  • @sarahspitzer7116
    @sarahspitzer7116 Před 4 lety

    1. Inside foot
    2. Laces
    3. Outside Foot
    4. Sole
    5. Thigh
    6. Chest
    7. Over the shoulder

  • @mananpatel9685
    @mananpatel9685 Před 4 lety +1

    Nice video pro bro

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks bro!

  • @gabrielisaacclavarinoaltam7164

    Hermoso campo 😍

  • @matthewwilliams7011
    @matthewwilliams7011 Před 4 lety

    Do you bring the foot away upon contact or do it slightly before it comes into contact?

  • @Mrfellow2
    @Mrfellow2 Před 3 lety

    Plz give me Midfield tips..

  • @fredrik9585
    @fredrik9585 Před 4 lety

    Can create an everyday exercise program, with exercises to get better ball control, first touch and where you raise your eyes

  • @pirateking1phone774
    @pirateking1phone774 Před 4 lety

    Thankyou for vedio

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      You’re welcome!

  • @pirateking1phone774
    @pirateking1phone774 Před 4 lety

    #Foam roller is used after the game or before game

  • @Juventinodu06
    @Juventinodu06 Před 4 lety

    hi @7mlc can you tell me what the name of the stadium ? thanks

  • @renjithr9032
    @renjithr9032 Před 4 lety

    I have the ebility to do the skill and i study many skills but when i go to big tournement match my skills and shots are fail in match. Can you find the reason and reple to me

  • @footballskills2919
    @footballskills2919 Před 4 lety

    Nice video and good place .

  • @andredognini917
    @andredognini917 Před 4 lety

    Very good video! Can you just specify what is the main difference in the last touch?

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Bringing your toes towards you will allow you to stop the ball and keep the ball close. Angling your foot slightly forwards will allow you to take the touch in your stride.

  • @brionwithano
    @brionwithano Před 3 lety

    Is this in Rochester??

  • @Boaabi
    @Boaabi Před 2 lety

    It's my dream to play there

  • @sidocean563
    @sidocean563 Před 4 lety

    BRO PLS MAKE VIDEO ON HOW TO SHIELD THE BALL AND TURN IN DIFFERENT ANGLE. I AM PRACTICING UR MAXIMUM DRILLS
    TRUST ME GUYS HE IS GENIUS..... I WANT U MICHAEL TO PLAY FOR CHELSEA ....... RESPECT & LOTS OF LOVE FROM INDIA

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Thanks for the suggestion 👍

  • @shadowshine4447
    @shadowshine4447 Před 4 lety

    I also learning this one touch

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety

      Great stuff!

  • @10.Rowbit
    @10.Rowbit Před 4 lety +2

    Have you tried to play professionally outdoor?

  • @arirangkickerz1653
    @arirangkickerz1653 Před 4 lety

    is ur shoes TR ? Beckham?

  • @j1428
    @j1428 Před 4 lety

    Hey is there a specific part of the ball you should make contact with during your first touch? You might have gone over it

    • @7mlc
      @7mlc  Před 4 lety +1

      Not necessarily, just experiment with different parts of the foot and you’ll find your sweet spot.

  • @footballskills2919
    @footballskills2919 Před 4 lety

    Nice bro

  • @muhammadrehan9063
    @muhammadrehan9063 Před 3 lety

    Searching for this type of video from 3 months
    And finally .......