This Paradox Proves Einstein's Special Relativity
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- čas přidán 19. 04. 2024
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Jade Tan-Holmes
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Daniel Kouts
danielkouts.com/
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Junior Arruda
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE! If you were flying at 99% the speed of light and holding a hand mirror out in front of you, would you see your own reflection?
Still waiting for your reply on your Instagram post :""""")
yeah
well yes...I guess
since the mirror is stationary wrt you there must be no change in the reflection
you will be able to see what you see every day in the mirror
Yeah...considering that in minkowski spacetime...you with respect to yourself are at rest...you would see your reflection normally in the mirror...i.e completely stationary while your background moves away backward at light speed
Yes. I don't like it, but yes, since we're in an inertial frames of reference. Thanks hadn't thought of that since highschool.
Hello Jade. I rarely comment on a CZcams video, but this is too important. Please don't let the pressure of uploading multiple videos in a week following a traditional CZcams business model get to you. You are one of the best channels that CZcams has to offer (in my opinion), precisely because your content is not rushed... something I cannot say of other content creators, even if they do reflect on similar themes/subjects as you do. I hope that you know that some of us value quality before quantity and that the gift that you have for explaining/structuring/editing has made us understand subjects that we always wanted to grasp (and this is coming from a fellow educator). Keep on doing what you do best and congratulations for another excelent video. Kind regards from Mexico.
Well said! Her Videos are great I think. Speed isn't everything :)
I completely agree
Completely agree.
Holy crap. Are you guys serious? This is just recycled and regurgitated derivative kids stuff. Every remedial science channel has the same video, in the same format. She could make 10 of these a week and not break a sweat. It's all surface level information with cursory, peripheral knowledge. Just copy _physics girl_ videos after she copies _sci show_ after they copy _vsauce_ after they copy _smarter every day_ after he begs for money.
Every video is treated like an introduction to every concept in that video, so the actual stated theme is given no more time than something like relativity. Relatively is just a piece of the puzzle that a fifth grader should already know, yet is explained like you and I have never seen the concept.
It's all filler to increase the watch time when the creator is parroting something else they don't understand. Because they don't understand, they never expand on the topic, they just fill time around a concept they saw _Matt Parker_ talk about.
Is there any creator that goes beyond the middle school, simplified version of any topic?
@@Mitchell_is_smart._You2bs_dumb watch out everyone, the YT police just rocked up spoiling the fun.
I just studied Special Relativity this past term and this video really resembles the way my professor taught it (without the math, of course). Amazingly done!
czcams.com/channels/cSIkt24P3WzN1n07l2C97Q.html
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
I have been studding the construction of the Pyramids. It blows my mind when you can see all the details of construction on the Petro cliffs. They used the "B" field of a magnet!!! what's so hard to understand?? If you take a large granite stone and vibrate the "B" field of a magnet into same, at the correct frequency, it will heat up and become soft as well. Easy to form and cut. What's the big deal it's written all over the stones IT'S ALL ABOUT THE "B" FIELD not the North and South poles. In the dark ages we got hooked on the least important part of magnetism North & South poles. We need to get our heads out of our A__. In 1958 I became a HAM operator Built and designed my own receivers and transmitters. We depend on the "B" field to transmit our AC current through the wire as well as any radio signals..FACT!!
@@vincecox8376 bro did graduation from Instagram University 💀🗿
@@user-fw7ln5sn1b Just learn that the center of a magnet is the most powerful part.
i just discovered your channel....i dont have words for what i'm feeling right now. The way you broke this down is insane to me, i've always struggled to understand what frame of reference and inertial frame of reference means, i learnt those in high school but only crammed them in order to regurgitate them in a test or exam, heck i always struggle to remember what dilation actually means, you've made me understand these and other concepts in this video so intutively that i dont think i'll ever forget them again. THANK YOU SO MUCH 😭😭😭😭
You did a great job with your explanation. I have a Ph.D in physics and couldn't have done any better. Keep up your good work.
John, do all us a favor. explain to all how the center field of a magnet can be used to separate the H2O atoms and make for a very cost effect fuel source. IE: you vibrate the center field of a magnet, you know the power source that separates the N & S poles into the H2O.. USE your brain!! Think about what goes on IF THE CENTER FIELD CAN HOLD BACK THE N &S POLES WHAT DO YOU THINK IT WOULD DO TO THE H2O atom????
@@vincecox8376Here is my is attempt to awnser. (Which may be the same exact awnser that ChatGPT would give you!) 😂 How far from the truth is it?
Magnets cannot separate H2O.
How the center field of a magnet can be used to separate the H20 atoms and make for a very cost effective fuel source?
ChatGPT
The center field of a magnet, by itself, cannot be used to separate water molecules (H2O) into its constituent atoms (hydrogen and oxygen). The separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen typically requires a process called electrolysis.
Electrolysis is a method that uses an electric current to break down water molecules into hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2). In this process, water is typically mixed with an electrolyte, such as an acid or a base, to enhance its conductivity. Two electrodes, usually made of a conductive material like platinum or graphite, are submerged in the water and connected to a power source.
When an electric current is passed through the electrodes, the water molecules near the positive electrode (anode) undergo oxidation, producing oxygen gas (O2). At the negative electrode (cathode), the water molecules undergo reduction, producing hydrogen gas (H2). These gases can then be collected separately.
The separation of water through electrolysis is an energy-intensive process. It requires a significant amount of electrical energy to break the chemical bonds in water molecules. The cost-effectiveness of this process depends on the cost of electricity used and the overall efficiency of the electrolysis system.
While magnets can have various applications in energy generation and storage, they do not directly contribute to the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The process of electrolysis is still the most common and efficient method for producing hydrogen fuel from water, although other emerging technologies are being explored as well.
It's worth noting that the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogen as a fuel source also depends on other factors, such as the availability and cost of hydrogen production methods, transportation, storage, and utilization.
Thank you're confusing PhD with high school diploma.
This is actually the best explanation of the muon paradox and special relativity I've seen. I'm probably going to remember it for a very long time.
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
How many muon paradox and special relativity explanations have you seen anyway?
@@snowkracker This is probably my sixth. And it's true; this one's about the best.
The top 1st!!
When a muon travels at speeds close to the light speed, then how would this explanation work out for photons? They actually travel at the speed of light per definition, so, photons "experience" their travel through the universe instantly, without a sense of time passing by. Space contraction and time dilation is ultimate for them. A photon (like from the Sun, traveling towards Earth) "experiences" no time at all before it hits Earth, and it "sees" no distance at all between the Sun and Earth. For us on Earth, practically stationary, the photons are traveling a certain distance at a certain speed, ergo, they "experience" much time and much space.
The editing on this is amazing. Props to the editor.
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
@@VeganSemihCyprus33 OK weirdo, time for your meds
I remember when I tried to grasp these concepts: spacetime, reference frames, time dilation, etc. CZcams already existed and I tried to find explanations that would stick in my brain. I gave up and just accepted it had to be true or GPS would’nt work. It made me feel quite inadequate at times. Of course, with time I got a better grip on the matter. But man, what a help a video like this would have been. Thank you, brilliant!
This is the first video I’ve seen from you and it will not be the last lol! I absolutely love how well you are able to convey complex topics like these and keep the viewer well grasped as well as making the info easy to retain.💜
I have been studding the construction of the Pyramids. It blows my mind when you can see all the details of construction on the Petro cliffs. They used the "B" field of a magnet!!! what's so hard to understand?? If you take a large granite stone and vibrate the "B" field of a magnet into same, at the correct frequency, it will heat up and become soft as well. Easy to form and cut. What's the big deal it's written all over the stones IT'S ALL ABOUT THE "B" FIELD not the North and South poles. In the dark ages we got hooked on the least important part of magnetism North & South poles. We need to get our heads out of our A__. In 1958 I became a HAM operator Built and designed my own receivers and transmitters. We depend on the "B" field to transmit our AC current through the wire as well as any radio signals..FACT!!
Yes, absolutely - Jade is tremendously pleasant to listen to; she seems so fun and personable, and delivers the ideas very nicely.
Your work is always brilliant. And I think the fact that you take your time to really understand the subject is one of the reasons why. Everyone needs time to really know anything but you have the honesty to recognize it and it's rare. Thank you for all your work. You make this world a better place to live in.
I think you're right. I honestly believe there are some physics channels that just explain the laws but haven't actually thought about their implications. I find this so refreshing. ✌️
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
When you said it takes you a long time to digest physics, I cried inside... It felt so good to know that I'm not alone in having "limited brain capcacity" and being "slow" to learn. I'm super grateful that you go through so much effort to make everything as clear as possible. 😘
I DONT KNOW ANYMORE.
I just admittedly-desperately want more people to know
about No-Knock-Raids and other heavy Issues with OBVIOUS SOLUTIONS.
I just dont want people to keep dying and Homelessness to increase all while CZcamsrs like Some More News literally came-up with simple, obvious Solutions. That Guy has 2 Videos on the topic of ‚Things Politicans should really know but just not enough do so they also dont know’.
@@loturzelrestaurant Hm can you elaborate on how you feel
what kind of obvious solutions are you thinking of for the no-knock-raids and homelessness?
are you saying you're mad that people don't use the solutions right in front of them?
@@Kevin-jz9bg "Are you saying you're mad that people don't use the solutions right in front of them?"
Well, yes? I mean, i think we can all agree that Earth would be a better place when Humanity 'Get a grip' and 'stops being dumb'?
@@Kevin-jz9bg And i legit think if enough attention is bought to said YT-Videos, this may cause the Butterfly-Effect or such to cause Change for the Better.
@@loturzelrestaurant That's true 👍 youtube probably has all the info we need to do anything at this point
But I don't totally agree that people can simply "get a grip" because often they don't have a choice...
I think most of the time, people don't do things not because they have no idea how to solve it but because they're scared or simply unable to do it yet. There's so many psychological and social and practical factors that play into whether something gets done.
We might see an "OBVIOUS SOLUTION" this guy isn't using, but first he has to convince himself that it's right and that the benefits outweigh the risks, and then he has to make sacrifices and get out there to implement the solution.
Let's say you're a mayor and your town had a lot of homelessness. Though you're a good leader, your district has a history of corruption. You WANT to build a homeless shelter and provide free food to people.
Obviously, this is a good thing. But it means higher taxes. Higher taxes that people don't want to pay because a) they might not trust you because of the leadership's past corruption and b) they don't see how the homeless shelter benefits THEM.
It also means you need to crack down on corruption, which means being assertive and maintaining respect among the others in your government.
All this takes time, which you might not have much of when, as a mayor, you're also overseeing the development of the solar farm, you're managing crime, you've got to approve educational reforms, etc. (not really sure what a mayor does but probs along those lines)
These are all factors that can unfortunately keep people homeless. I think what's better than relying on busy leadership to solve our problems (they almost always talk better than they act) WE should be vigilant about the homeless situation in our community: actively understand its causes and do things about it, like starting school clubs where you make food for the homeless.
These are just my thoughts, feel free to disagree
you're lowkey my favorite youtuber, this video was absolutely amazing. Your explanations are like the only science-youtuber's I can follow to the end every time. You really have a talent as a teacher, I'm so glad I found your channel!
I keep re-watching this video because it is both educational AND enjoyable to watch. You have a remarkable ability to break down complex issues in a way that non-physics people can understand. You are an excellent presenter and thoroughly engaging. Please keep going, but agree you should not stress to make one per week.
(I loved the car drive along Brighton.. 😁😁)
terrific explanation Jade, there was a literal moment where my mind went "aah! that's why!" Thank you, you really are an excellent educator.
This was a really good way at explaining all of the topics. I feel like there could've been more elaboration with length contraction but otherwise, this explains the situation very well.
You are observing explanation contraction.
If length had contracted wouldnt earth be closer to sun?
I love your channel Jade! I'm a huge science buff and advocate but I'm by no means a scholar. However, I have a huge thirst for knowledge and information and your videos satiate my brains needs so thanks for what you do... you're my new favorite teacher 😀
I've heard it explained as everything is always traveling at the speed of light, just the speed is split between travel through space and travel through time. So when you gain speed through space you lose speed through time, keeping your speed a constant.
Jade you are a true gem! I've worked as an engineer for over 35 years, yet your down to earth explanations of so many complex topics have given me a much better understanding of these things. Keep up the great work! 👍
How is it possible to work as an engineer for 35 years and still not completely understand these topics
Amazing 🤩🤩
You've explained a lot of concepts in much easier way in just one video
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
@@VeganSemihCyprus33 troll off you weirdo
I love your videos, and I think you do succeed at making unintuitive complex concepts more digestible, so thank you, and please, take all the time you need : )
P.s. the 8-Bit music at the end kicks ass!
I just discovered your channel! These videos are fantastic, fun, nerdy, and extremely well done! Keep up the great work, I look forward to seeing more from you.
I've watched so much physics CZcams that this is probably the third explanation of the muon paradox I've seen.
They _keep getting better_
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
These concepts are really complex and difficult to comprehend. You do a great job of making these abstract concepts visually understandable.
First off, love your videos and your excitement when talking about these subjects. I have been watching your videos now for the last few weeks and decided to subscribe to your channel as well as the curiosity stream using your code. Keep up the good work!
Wow! This couldn’t have been better timed, as my eldest has been trying to digest relativity, inertial frames and time dilation while reading Brief History of Time. Shared and followed! Thank you!
These effects are beautifully summed up in the Limerick:
"There was a young lady named bright
Whose speed was much faster than the light
she set out one day in a relative way
and returned on the previous night
To her friends said the Bright one in chatter
I have learnt something new about matter
My speed was so great
Much increased was my weight
Yet I failed to become any
fatter".
...She set out one day
In a relative way..."
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
actually, travelling faster than light matter (called tachyonic matter) would have imaginary mass...
I would caution you in this limerick as is, it has a fairly sexist undertone.
@@aaattteeennn I would caution you the poem "baba black sheep" has a fairly racist undertone.
I think we can be agree that Carl Sagan wasn't being a sexist when he recite this poem.
My point is the people who made these sentences weren't necessarily sexiest or racist. In those days it was normal for people to talk in this way. They weren't being sexiest,they were being what was considered normal at that time. And I'm not saying everyone was good and nobody was racist, sexiest etc but I think we should not apply *our thinking* of these ideas to past people.
The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there
Nice job on this one! There was a really nice flow. This one held my attention more than other ones. And I like the length of the videos altogether. Kind of short and sweet. Thank you for the education :-)
I believe in your excellent work Jade (and team), describing and illustrating on the most brilliant fundamental concepts.
Thanks for your honesty. I am struggling the same way when trying to learn new things and it motivates me to conceptualize how I learn so I don't have to act confused or hopeless if I don't understand or remember something. There are reasons as to why we fail to recall or understand and it's typically because of a lack of engagement and missing links. Considering that I was easily able to remember how to spell and type, and I know how these letters and words connect together to form concepts. We gradually understand each word and attach concepts to an entity to better define its similarities and differences to other concepts. Breaking apart the complexity into smaller bits will over time allow us to view more and more of the picture. So the only issue is time and biological degeneration.
Brilliant, Jade! Loved this video. You take all the time (or would it be distance...) you need- your content is always worth it!
👍
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
I came across this randomly as you do on CZcams and WOW..I was really impressed by the clarity, animations, explanations and pace along with an energetic, friendly, natural presentation..I'm hooked and subscribed, great job, you remind me of Amy from Vintage Space.
Just subscribed, what an amazing science communicator you are and with one of the best channel names on CZcams. Need to learn this sort of stuff to keep up with my brood , daughter, engineering, son material sciences
Good explanation. It took me the longest time just to understand what was meant by "light travels at the same speed in every reference frame." Once I understood it, all the weirdness of special relativity started making sense.
Everytime I learn something new it pushes some old stuff out like that time I took that winemaking course and forgot how to drive
Just checking the comments to make sure someone has quoted Homer Simpson. All is well.
That really helped me understand more than all the other videos. Thank you!
Yet like you I still can’t wrap my brain around it lol. Great video
3:21 mins in the video and I’m already love the way she breaks concepts down. If you ever teach a physics class I wanna be there. 😭
I also subbed
Hey Jade, could you enable the option on your youtube channel to allow us to send translations? I really think this videos are so well made, and I would really like to send subtitles in Portuguese (Brazil) :)
CZcams disabled that option some time ago
hmmm, I didn't know :/
but thank u
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
@@VeganSemihCyprus33 bot
Good Leonardo.
You are a natural educator. This is one of the best videos about special relativity I have ever seen. Absolutely phantastic and easy to understand (I hope)
Love the videos and the passion. I was terrible at science as a kid. It was just to hard to get me excited about something (I believed at the time) I would never get into but watching your channel makes the concepts much easier to digest. Thank you for the videos.
Banger video. Everything was so well explained. The demonstrations of frames of reference really helped my brain click with understanding.
I've never seen this well explained enough to understand previously. Thank you very much. It's fascinating to comprehend it this well now.
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
@@VeganSemihCyprus33 What?
I have to say this. even though you probably won't see it because this is an older video. But I learn more from you than any other educational videos on you tube. You make things very easy to understand and that makes it very easy to learn from you. I watch a lot of videos about space, science, history, biology and so on, and still no matter what your videos are about I still learn more from you than anyone else. I wish I would have had teachers like you while I was in School, I would have probably done better and cared more and went on to be a scientist of some sort...Thank you for what you do and thank you for making it easy for me to learn something new every time I watch a video.
Aww thank you so much this comment made me so happy! :))))
Prettiest girl on CZcams
Excellent video👏👏👏 Became your fan just after watching 2 videos. . .you explain difficult concepts in a very simple way. . .love the way you communicate and the innovative experiments shown👍👍👍
This is the first time I'm watching any of your videos and trust me, I've only reached till 1 minute and 4 seconds and I've already subscribed to your channel!!
Really in love with your presentation :)
12:29 this!
mostly in classes you hear that the speed of light is constant. The ‚other‘ speeds are constant as well.
Not really. The muon's speed in your reference frame is some value, but that muon's speed in its own reference frame is zero. That is not constant. If the muon turns on its flashlight, however, both you and the muon will measure the speed of that photon as _c._ That _is_ constant.
I always like your content! I think special relativity can be summed up with a very simple statement: since the speed of light can't change, time and distance must in order to accommodate the frame of reference observation. It's basically like a "reality equation" with three variables, except one isn't actually a variable. It's a constant.
Yeah exactly
I'm trying to understand how the speed of light is not relative. If light from the headlight of a 40mph car then would the light not be moving 40mph less than speed of light relative to the car?
If you drive 1/2 the distance at a single speed, it takes 1/2 time to complete the task. Same speed, different distance and times.
Like if you're going 60 mph, but in one hour you only travel 30 miles, your time slowed down by 50%.
@@pertybluestang Light moves at a speed that no other inertial frame can come close to, by definition of special relativity. This speed is an actual number we've measured to be something ~ 299 792 458 m / s. However, this is in a vacuum; in other mediums, its speed changes (ie, it'll move slightly slower if its not in a vacuum). Another way to look at this, is in mathematics, you'll find that if you add 1 to infinity, you still have infinity.
WHOA there. Please be careful when you make such claims as CANNOT or NEVER particularly when trying to educate people to be able to think about such complex phenomena. Thinking in terms of CANNOT might be VERY counter-productive to our ability to rationalize what the **** is going on, because, quite frankly, there's no reason the speed of light couldn't have been different an earlier point in our universe. Proving that, is another story, if it were true at all. I'm not saying it is, I'm just trying to point out you should exercise more caution because, as a math teacher I had once liked to remind his students, "Never is far, far, far, far away from here."
In any case, we don't have enough evidence of even understanding this stuff to begin with (Feyman's famous quote about QM is similar), and since we don't know enough--as the author of the video has stated herself--making such claims that it CANNOT change is biasing "our" ability to conceive, particularly in terms of the kind of out of the box thinking we might need to resolve how to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity.
You explain such complex concepts with ease and patience. So glad I discovered your channel! Brilliant work. You're a gem indeed.
These were one of the best 15 mins i spent.
You made visualizing very easy.
They say you don't truly understand a topic if you can't explain it to a 5 year old. I may be an adult, but science has never interested me until recently (probably all the bad teachers I had in school and the stress of not understanding them). For all intents and purposes, I'm a 5 year old when it comes to science - and you explained yourself perfectly clearly to me. It's content creators like you who make me realize I do have a passion for physics and science, I just never had a teacher that kindled the interest in me. Thank you so much for all your hard work, your videos are very important to me.
An Average CZcams comment , who thinks watching just one simple video about physics has aroused his inner love for science and physics is easy and interesting if u have a propar teacher lol she explained everything in simple words not in physics words ! Physics is not only about a storyline , bro u haven't seen what's really physics is lol 😂😂
Average bitter worthless CZcams comment. Glad you feel so confident in your intellectual superiority
I have had a long time question about all this, that I hope someone can answer:
We have all heard the scenario where there is a set of twins... one twin travels from earth at near the speed of light for one year. When he returns, he is one year older, but his twin is now an old man.
My Question: If all movement is only a perception from the frame of reference of any given observer... what determines which of the twins is the old one? I mean from the traveling twin's frame of reference, he is standing still and the earth (and everyone on it) is moving at the speed of light. So even though his clock appears to run slow for us, would our clock not also appear to run slow for him? Seems a paradox, I have never been able to wrap my head around.
There is a video from minutephysics that answers this exact question!
czcams.com/video/0iJZ_QGMLD0/video.html
You are correct that the clocks would appear to be slower to observers outside that reference frame... but only in the first half of the experiment where they are separating.
After they turn around and start to approach each other then the external clock would appear to run 𝒇𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 until they line up again when they meet.
Imagine red shifting as they part and blue shifting when converging
The paradox arises from ignoring the frames of reference.
In actuality the twins wouldn't have different ages
czcams.com/video/UInlBJ4UnoQ/video.html
The person who "turns around and come back" experiences two (actually many) frames of reference. One going away, a separate one coming back, and most importantly many as they are accelerating to "turn around and come back".
@@johnmckown1267 since there is no absolute frame of reference, from the frame of reference of second twin (the twin on rocket), the one on earth can be considered moving in multiple frames of references. So second twin should also observe the time dilating for the first one in the same way first twin observes for the second. But we know that’s not true. Physicists conclude the 1st twin would be older when they meet again. I am still not able to comprehend physicists’ conclusion.
@@creamwobbly Felipe up at the top had a good one from minute physics
U are doing a great service with these videos, I don't have the mathematical understanding and education to understand many of the concepts mathematically, but I love theorizing on them and building on or changing theories as I learn more from videos like these is so interesting, it is an incredible world :)
Also, undertanding that there are planets entirely made of diamond for example kind of puts into perspective how we give value to such things.. information is the most valuable thing we have, thank u :)
The production value on this is great!
There are a number of things I would love to see you get into more. For one, despite our normal experience of distance and time being absolute, and speed being some sort of emergent property, it seems less obvious as your scale changes. So how do we measure speed and distance? On the surface of the earth its easy ... based on some "fixed" point on the surface. But if you blast a space ship up, pretty soon it seems to be less relevant to measure speed from a fixed point on the earth. And as you get further and further away, its just ludicrous since the earths rotation around the sun may be heading towards you or away from you (so you speed seems to change relative to a fixed point on earth even if you never accelerate). So maybe at some point, the distance and speed makes sense to measure relative to the sun. For a while. But as you get further and further away from the sun (thinking interstellar or even intergalactic distances) that too seems ludicrous (because of the sun's movement in the galaxy and the galaxy's movement in the universe). So when we say our star ship has travelled x light years what do we mean? Distance seems to need to be measured relative to some thing. In a similar note, when we say something is x light years away, what do we mean? And "when" do we mean? Do we mean x light years away from where something was x years ago? Or "now". If the concept of "now" even makes sense. I'm afraid my brain is just not equipped to grok this.
In astronomy, there are several reference frames that are used, much as you imagine. There's the rest frame of the Earth; the frame of the solar system's barycenter (center of mass, which is pretty close to the Sun but not quite there mostly thanks to Jupiter); the "local standard of rest" which is sort of the average motion of stars in the solar system's neighborhood; the reference frame of our galaxy. On the very largest scales, things get trickier because for cosmology you need to take the curved, expanding space-time of general relativity into account, and instead of a single inertial frame you might use a "comoving coordinate system". There, recession velocities due to the expansion of the universe are usually stated in terms of the redshift they cause to an object's emitted light--but over very long distances, the relation between redshift and recession velocity itself becomes tricky because the light isn't passing through flat space-time, so it can be something of an arbitrary convention.
As Matt is right, I will give a much easier to understand answer:
As you said, you choose your frame of reference based on what you want to measure, normally this is really obvious, you choose earth, the sun, the center of our galaxy... and you take time and space as if there were no time dilatation and space contraction and ignore the movement of stars around our sun.
This all gives fairly accurate results for distances and velocities, as long as you don't choose extreme events with near light speeds, distances more than our galaxy in diameter or results need to be exact until the Xth digit.
"Captain, Captain! We are on Warp 0.9 now!"
" Thanks Chekov. Could you be more specific please?"
Very good. Can I also recommend George Gamov's Mr Tompkins books which explain relativistic effects by reducing the speed of light to everyday speeds.
yeah i was interested in what he was saying about terrell rotation! But then ultimately decided not to do a video about it :(
@@upandatom But you sont even need length contraction to explain this right..rhe fsct that the muon experiences earth traveling to it at near the speed of light means earth will reach the muon in enough time before the muon decays from.the muons perspective.. Hope you can respond when you can.
@@leif1075 In your reference frame the muon can only go 660m before decaying. So you have to consider time dilation.
Similarly, in the muon's reference frame, the Earth can only move 660m towards it before the muon decays. So you have to consider length contraction. That means instead of having to go 15 km, it only has to move 660m. It will "feel" like the Earth's atmosphere is only 660m instead of 15 km
I have missed your content. So good to see you back!!
You know I have never been interested in physics and this is now the 4 video in a row that I have watched and I feel hooked.I was not all that interested when I was in high school but as I grow older I just wanna learn learn and learn some more.Like an itch the more I scatch the more it itches but a good itch.I am glad I found your videos.You have earned my sub ! Keep up the good work !:)
Oh my godddddddd, never expected special relativity to be that amazing, btw i have just graduated highschool and can't wait to learn this stuff more thoroughly!!!! Thanks Jade!!!!!!!!!!!! ❤️
This channel is so good, I'd love to make it required viewing. A few others you might like
Science Asylum
Sean Carroll's channel
PBSspacetime
Lot of great content. This one though is just so accessible :)
This kind of stuff inspires me to major in physics
good luck!
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
This is my favorite explanation on special relativity. Great job! I’m so glad I found this channel
Thanks Jade a lot. is the most comprehensive for most advanced stuff all your pleasantly charmant and efficiently comprehensive footage
If we consider length-contraction, does this mean the density of matter increases measured in the direction of travel? And if so, does that mean the crystal structure becomes deformed? If it does, and since the crystal structure is obtained by arranging the atoms such to minimise the energy, would it mean that this energy calculation is also Lorenz-invariant, i.e. will we agree (in the end)?
Long question, sorry. Keep up the quality over quantity, I really enjoy your videos! ♥️
I'm just answering so I get notified when someone answers this question. Got really curious here...
Yes all consequences of the contracted length apply. Density is higher(which is how magnetism in a current carrying wire works, increased charge density in the moving frame) and crystal structure is compressed.
Energy is _not_ Lorentz invariant. Clearly a moving object has a different kinetic energy than a stationary one. Light is redshifted. Etc. What we will agree on is that this configuration is the lowest energy one _given that it is length contracted_ in my reference frame. Because I would have to consider the relativistic effects on the electromagnetic forces.
@@narfwhals7843 Ok thanks, makes sense! What does this imply for Temperature. Since time is dilated, atoms are vibrating more slowly, and temperature is lower? How to determine whether an object has melted or not?
@@PenandPaperScience I'd argue that temperture should remain constant. Because vibration is a frequenty or amount of cycles per unit of time. they both go down at the same rate when time dilation happens. So I would argue that temparture is constant. I don't know for sure though...
@@PenandPaperScience The question of how or if temperature transforms is vexed. Different texts will give different answers. One could argue, for instance, that if you have a box of gas at some temperature, then an observer approaching the box at a high speed would see the volume contracted, and thus see the temperature rise.
Another amazing video Jade! Very simple and easy to understand. I can only aspire to have your brain capacity lol.
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
Great explanation of Special Relativity. Love your humility about needing time to understand physics. That fuller understanding reflects in how good this video is.
This was fascinating!!! also, I am very much looking forward to any existential crisis videos, having just unraveled my sense of a stable conscious reality. The perspectives of philosophers who are well educated in the nature of neuroscience, physics, biology or botany are very interesting to me!
Can we just appreciate the animation
When I grow up I want 2 B like Jade. 🤣😁
aww thanks Effy!
Extremely well done! When I was young I had to figure all this out from playing with equations and drawing pictures for months until it finally made sense. I can't believe what an advantage aspiring physicists will have today if they have access to a nice clean explanation like this. Also, as an avid lover of trampolines I'm definitely going to have to Google for that video... so cool!
This is a superb explanation. I have just discovered your channel and I am looking forward to watching every video!
Just excellent. Mike Merrifield approves of this interpretation we're sure.
Nerds, you have been fooled 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 💖
What about 2 muons that both travel at the speed of light in opposite directions? What will one muon say about the lifetime of the other?
Muons can’t travel at the speed of light because they have mass (only massless particles can travel - and in fact must travel - at the speed of light). But assuming that we define a frame of reference in which both muons start at the origin (i.e in front of you) and start moving in opposite directions at 0.99c, we can show that velocities in Special Relativity don’t add like in Newtonian mechanics. The muon traveling to the right won’t measure a speed of 1.98c for the muon traveling to the left, and neither will the muon on the left measure that speed for the muon traveling to the right. Rather, each muon will measure the other muon to be traveling at about 0.99995c. Both muons observe the other’s time to be dilated by a factor of around 300 million with respect to their own.
@@charlie_0823 prove it
@@SystemsPlanet See any text on relativity.
Thank you for starting this channel - this is enlightening 🥇
I love that picture of the Euler identity behind you. I have the formula written on a sticky note on the wall of my cubicle, I think I'm going to add that drawing. Very elegant description/pseudo proof of such a mystifying equation. You should sell copies of all the posters behind you 😉
*I think that you should must join MAA or AoPS and work with Olympiad Students..*
_And Don't forget to upload CZcams videos for us ☺️._
Jade, I have enjoyed your video. Please take your time to keep up with your amazing style. Thanks 🙏🏻
Happy Holidays Jade - Thank you for sharing your knowledge AND your clarity of thought and ability to articulate to us noobs . Plus you are charming to boot. 😉
Back when I taught college physics, I always recommended the book "Relativity Visualized" by Lewis Carroll Epstein to my students, and it teaches the concepts underlying special relativity in a very accessible manner. Your video reminded me of that book - I'd highly recommend it, if you haven't seen it.
Hey Jade! 👋.
Let me slip in right here and say that I appreciate the way you're tackling the mind bending ideas about space and time (although I do admit that there's a lot more to be learnt in the subject of relativity in a much more broader and general sense). Might I ask, why is it that nature conspires always, no matter what is moving and what is not relative to observer-knows-what, to make the speed of light constant? I mean the laws of physics play around with your minds by stretching or squishing space and time but do not alter the constancy of this cosmic speed whatsoever... WHY??
And also, despite space and time do seem to be two sides of a coin, they have their asymmetric differences like time is only unidirectional (as any matter perceives it and is inexistent at all in the perspective of a photon; to be able to revert the direction of this "time" means traveling faster than light itself altogether and breaking the causality!). So, maybe they are not two sides of the same coin....
Anyway, the answer to your question, I think, is yes we can see our reflection considering that I am holding it in my hand right in front of me (so that it is stationary with respect to me). However, I have another interesting version of this one: take it that you're traveling at the 99.99% the speed of light and that the mirror is mounted on another moving body which is traveling at the 99.99 percent the speed of light relative to you. What happens now?
Waiting for your answer...
Regards, take care...
Great work! Thanks for the effort.
Any chance you would be willing to do a video on the Bose-Einstein condensate? I love the way you explain / teach these topics. I espically love your enthusiasm.
please stop pointing those big arrows at me.
🎄🎅🤶🛍👩🏻🥂🎁🎉👏👏👏👏(I like your video)
Yup we have to comment !! 🎄🎄🎄
9:30 I felt the time slow down as my mind went all over the place understanding what that meant :O
I think I finally understand why time is relative.
Great video!
Beautiful video! This is knowledge being made flavorful! Thank you.
First!
So very well explained. I understood this so well because of how well you explained it. . Thank you
Mind. Blown. Will need to watch this a couple more times to (maybe) understand it fully. Thanks, Jade!
First video I've watched from this channel. I love it! Subscribed!
I cannot fully explain how beautiful you and your videos are. Especially this one. You know i have never truly found a video on physics (specifically relativity) in like 5 years of researching it; that actually dives into the abstractions of all these concepts and makes them understandable for someone who does not think like this. I usually find myself asking questions after someone explains something in a video, and feeling uneasy when they dont answer my question. However in your videos, everytime i ask a question in my head, you answer it simply and blatantly; no bullshit. It might sound crazy to say but it strikes me that einsteins quote “you dont truly understand something unless you can explain it to a 6 year old” - rings more true the more “advanced physicists” i see trying to explain something complex like this topic. Seems as if most people just repeat what the textbooks have told them, and think they understand as soon as they hear it. But seriously, it is about being able to not just visualize, but become the laws of what the concepts are exhibiting. Its about understanding the concept enough to literally be in the same wavelength as it. And what you say at the end of the video really hits my heart on a deeper level, because I too actually find all of these concepts extremely hard to wrap my head around, like my mind works in the opposite way of physics. However it continues to interest me because of this unfathomability. And it just really hits home when i hear you say the same thing i always think about myself; that you want to be able to describe this stuff to someone like yourself; in whos brain doesnt work in the way physicists brains do- but still has an unreasonable burning passion for it. Its not just incredibly humble of you to say this, but its also incredibly monumental on a wordly perspective. Because you are truly influencing and sparking the minds of the ones out there like you and me that love physics and want to learn, but cant find anyone or anything teaching it blatantly enough to help them wrap their heads around it. You are doing the 1% of teaching out here. The einstein- kind of teaching, that is; being able to explain it to a 6 year old. And you know, it is more than just physics lessons, this is groundbreaking, lifechanging, fucking other wordly, heroic stuff. Sorry this is so long i just really cannot fully explain to you how amazing and beautiful what you are doing is. I finally found a youtube channel that can truly help me understand what ive been trying so desperately to understand in years of learning. And i just would like you to know, i will be a great physicist one day. And you, Jade, may have just sparked the mind of the next einstein.
Thx Jade, this is one of the most clear and understandable explanations of relativity i have seen.
Amazing video. Where did you find the poster we see in the beginning of the video with Euler identity or the Boltzmann equation for entropy? 😊 Thanks again for your work 👏
You are an absolute genius!! You've got a good mind for physics, better than you think. You explained things quite eloquently. Keep it up!
Awesome content. This is one of my favorite topics in physics. Can you cover gravitational lensing?
Loved your channel, loved your video, loved how you explained everything.
Omg..my mind is blown...I gotta say the explanation was great..I understood the concept very very well... relativity simplified like never before (from my frame of reference obviously)...btw loved your content and your passion towards explaining physics to us...thanks❤
I appreciate that you take a long time to digest and really understand. Too often science videos just regurgitate things that were heard. And as time progresses we keep proving our scientific theroies wrong, and the best videos are the ones that challenge what is "known". On a cosmic scale, we just dont have a large enough sample group to prove our theories 100%. The best we can say is that it hasnt been disproven yet. After all, when you have to allow exclusions for some things which dont follow the rules you already stated, it more likely means that we didnt know the whole story to begin with. Or we have made mistaken measurements.
I must say, I have seen many videos about special relativity but this is the video which cleard my concept. Many thanks for your video. Keep up the good work.
Masterfully made and presented video!! A classic.
I hope you can make a video on Bell's Inequality in a similar manner. I still have a hard time with it. I realize that is a mathematical issue perhaps not as amenable to visual presentation. Nonetheless, I suspect with your video skills, you'll be able to pull one out of your hat.
This video, though, is simply excellent. Thanks to the support teams as well.
Thank you Jade for your clear explanation. You have made such a difficult concept approachable for someone like me to understand. Well done.
Thank you. Explained very well, please keep them coming.
Good job this is one of the best explanations I've seen