TPCD3 TEN SEAWEED INDUSTRY LESSONS INDONESIA TO THE WORLD

Cultivation of red seaweeds in Indonesia is an example of significant resource valorization based on simple technologies refined by famers in the sea. Industry development was initially driven in the 1960s by direct industrial demand as carrageenan processors made direct contact with coastal farmers in value chains with a “captive” governance model, that rapidly evolved through a “modular” model before a “market” governance model prevailed by the 2000s. Hierarchical-model estate-farms, and relational-model cooperative farms did not thrive as farmed seaweeds from coastal ecoscapes became the leading marine products export category from Indonesia. As Indonesia became the “alpha” source of tropical red seaweeds during the 2000s, global markets, led by “alpha” buyer China, purchased most Indonesian seaweeds. Meanwhile, farm tenure by individual farmers was secured through community-level legal mechanisms based on traditional adat laws evolved within the diverse ethnic cultures of Indonesia. Valorization was achieved within ecoscape communities as village enterprises were linked through value chains to local, regional, and global market systems. Even though commercial seaweed farming in Indonesia commenced as recently as the mid-1960s, it developed in a bottom-up, reflexive manner, compatible with societal norms, such that it rapidly attained status as a nominally “traditional” economic pursuit. It remains as a unique cash-crop opportunity in coastal Indonesian ecoscapes with limited economic opportunities. It seems that seaweed farming valorization models in Indonesia are systemically different from those appropriate to many jurisdictions around the world, but Indonesian seaweeds enter global value chains so there must be global understanding among phyconomy practitioners around the world.

[@nennykusumariny9269]

I like seaweed rich of iodine...

[@davidm1075]

Long time no see . . .

[@phyconautwaterworld198]

I see that we are both still chasing the MUZE ... 😉

[@davidm1075]

@@phyconautwaterworld198 YUP! Whole new reality. Bunch of new players . . . . Time will tell . . .

[@aeropasta]

@@davidm1075 Let's Game