Preparation of Synthetic Ultramarine Blue
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2024
- Ultramarine Blue is prepared using Kaolin, Sodium Carbonate, Sulfur, and Carbon utilizing the resources of Lake Tahoe Community College’s Chemistry and Art departments.
➤Music by Dr. Spaceship and the Underwater Fishes (this music isn’t published yet unto itself, but I wanted some music in here and I decided to use some projects I’m currently working on).
Credits: Grace Weber (Alto Saxophone), Rigney Miller (Bass, Drums, Keyboards) and Rob Sablotny (Guitar).
The tunes:
Apres Ski Jam (Miller/Weber)
Halloween Jam (Miller)
Chifunkyhuahua (Miller)
➤Lake Tahoe Community College: www.ltcc.edu
➤Report on the project: drive.google.com/file/d/1JNSv...
➤Works Cited:
Woodbridge, R. (1949) Ultramarine - An Inorganic Preparation. J. Chem. Educ. 1949, 26, 10, 552. doi.org/10.1021/ed026p552
Wang, et al. (2020) A systematic study of the synthesis conditions of blue and green ultramarine pigments via the reclamation of the industrial zeolite wastes and agricultural rice husks. 2020 Apr; 27(10):10910-10924. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07624-8.
Hamerton et al. (2013) A Systematic Examination of Colour Development in Synthetic Ultramarine According to Historical Methods. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
Rejmak, P. (2018) Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Ultramarine Pigments: A DFT Insight. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122(51) dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b...
Hansen, T. Digital Fire EPK analysis digitalfire.com/material/291
Chapters:
0:00 Intro and Explanation
3:40 Reduction Firing
7:45 Removing Reduced Product
9:04 Oxidation Firing
10:29 Sulfur Burning During Oxidation Fire
12:28 Blue Stuff!
13:53 Photos of the Products - Věda a technologie
Look how many different awesome pigments you produced. Awesome
You're going to love the YInMn blue synthesis. No sulfur oxide fumes, you get blue color the first heating cycle to know it works, when if a trial doesn't 't work the oxides are unreacted and reusable, and results are very consistent. You just need to be able to reach 1200°C. Only concern I have is I did all my work in electric furnaces, so I don't know how using a directly heated gas fired kiln will work. One of the electric kilns would be a safer bet.
The circa 1880 ultramarine blue recipe I found required 2 WEEKS of kiln time ...
For reactions like this, an electric furnace is usually optimal for maintaining consistent temperatures over long periods of time.
Didn't have access to an electric furnace, and while I did get to use a kiln for the YInMn Blue project later on, the art director said I couldn't use one for this process because the sulfur fumes would rapidly corrode the heating elements, so we opted instead to modify this homemade propane-tank forge for this procedure.
Great video! It's quite surprising how different the colors were of the different samples. Looking forward to the next video
i think a big issue is you surface area to volume ratio. compacting so much material on itself doesn't allow for proper air flow / reduction atmosphere to interact with all of the elements. in a beaker with chemicals you have a stir bar that forces materials to interact, thus increasing rxn time and % yield. You can either stir materials, make smaller batches, flat plate batches, or scaffold lattice (removeable tubes that will leave voids in your material, think sand mold) batches will allow more material to interact with penetration depth of atmosphere. I did something similar with rubies when i first started way before the days of youtube. Some success but never thought about making it into a paint... ruby paint would be awesome now that i think about it.
this is a valid critique of my method here. I think industrial production involves making bricks of ultramarine but maybe without having the crucible, there's sufficient gas flow to the sample. Also I think ruby paint would be awesome.
This is a really good video...though I'm way out of my element here. I will say, as always, I enjoyed listening to your music. 😁
Thanks Joe! Glad you enjoyed it. These tunes are a work in progress but some more so than others
very good, great!
very cool and good
Do you think you would've gotten better results by washing the reduction and oxidation products in warm water to dilute out the sulfoxides?
Neat topic and well presented! I don't think I'd heard of the thioozonide ion, I'll have to read the papers you posted.
ahh... frisky bismuth, I get it xD
HI :) I hope you’ll see this comment very soon, because I really need your help here ;)
I am doing a school work about this synthesis and I would like to know the mass of blue you got in general after each synthesis, if you remember it please :) I need it to make some measures and scientific stuff
Thank you for your answer !
Homolog. Heheh.