probably commenting for the first time in youtube. Michael, want to thankyou a lot for the patience you take to create the amazing animations and ways to explain these concepts. may God bless you always. Your videos are my go to as i prepare.
You’ve made it simple! I’m so glad I came across your channel while trying to find good resources to study physics. Thanks for sharing your expertise with us!
Cathode has the filament and the anode is angled. Cathode is relatively negatively charged and anode positively charged. Cathode produces electrons and anode produces x-rays
Maybe I'm misunderstanding my into to radiography book, but it seems to be saying the exact opposite of what you demonstrated in this video. It says, "Generally, the steeper the anode, the more severe or noticeable the heel effect becomes". That doesn't make any sense to me because, as you showed in the diagrams at 2:40, the radiation travels through less of the anode material when it' at a steeper angle. So the heel effect should be LESS severe with a steeper anode angle. I don't know what my book is trying to say.
Hi Chad. A steeper angle does create a greater anode heel effect (your book is agreeing with what I’m saying in the talk). The steeper anode angle means X-rays have to travel through more anode heel before exiting the anode side of the tube. Hope that makes sense 🙂
Thanks for lecture. I see that *intensity* of beam towards cathode side should be more than that towards anode side, because xrays are released in isotrophic manner within the anode, and they get attenuated as they pass through the anode material, which is thicker towards anode side, thinner towards cathode side,i.e heel effect . My question is ; Doesn't that anode material through which xrays pass after getting produced, act like some sort of Filter, And shouldn't it make beam hard by removing those low energy xray photons more towards Anode side than cathode side, i.e making beam hard(i.e more energetic) towards anode side than cathode side . Am i saying it right?
Haroon. You have absolutely hit the nail on the head. Shows you truly understand what is going on. Well done. You are right. The average beam energy is higher at the anode side (effectively a harder beam). However, the absolute energy (intensity) is still higher at the cathode side. Think of the actual number of photons at the cathode side, the high energy photons are still there and will still slightly outnumber those at the anode side.
Dr Haroon! Did u get ur answer? I am also thinking the same… and even after reading the answer of dr Michael, I didn’t get it 😔 Filters increase the average energy of photons and thus increase the penetrability.
Hi May i ask you a question? Which side heel effect is more pronounced on ?! Anode side or cathode side. Some books says anode side and others says cathode side so can you please clarify this?
I have presented papers at national conferences in 1988 and 2016 which had to do with tube angulation. For some historical reason, most radiographers believe changing the tube angle will alter the geometrical projection of the subject. In reality, the only thing that changes with tube angulation is collimation. Here is a video to correct the error made by 75% of qualified radiographers. czcams.com/video/mZPD_gLs5Dw/video.html
best radiology physics videos I found on CZcams, keep up the good work!
Thank you 🙏🏻
Teaching style that allows the information to be available for critical thinking. Great lecture series.
Thank you 🙏🏻 glad you’re finding them useful
probably commenting for the first time in youtube.
Michael, want to thankyou a lot for the patience you take to create the amazing animations and ways to explain these concepts.
may God bless you always. Your videos are my go to as i prepare.
Thank you Shramana ☺️ I hope your preparation is going well! And you are still finding the videos helpful. All the best, Michael
Much appreciated! Especially loved that the videos are short, yet very informative - Thank you for your dedication!
Thank you Ufara. We’re all busy people so thought the shorter the better. Hope you’re well 🙂
First time ever commenting. These videos saved my life prepping for boards. Thank you so much Michael.
Thank you! Every comment means so much to me! Hope your boards went well 🤗
Your videos are so good it goes straight into my mind
Thank you for the amazing video. Taking my ARRT in 2 weeks. This helps so much!
Superb explanation, very beautifully presented, thanks a million 😊
My pleasure 😊
You’ve made it simple! I’m so glad I came across your channel while trying to find good resources to study physics. Thanks for sharing your expertise with us!
Glad you’re here Flavio! Good luck with the physics studying 📚
Besttt. Concise, lucid, practical, exam oriented. Thank you. Keep it up!
Thank you so much Dr Zee 🙂
Thank you so much for making it digestible 😊
Wow,what a simply nice explanation.
Thank you
Exceptional,so precise n comprehensive,thanks alot sir
Thank you Rabia. You're too kind!
I love u so much for explaining this concept ❤ 😅
Thank You Sir
I had a doubt sir : In a diagnostic x ray tube,the anode angle,if decreased,increases the tube rating. True or False.
You are the goat. Thanks for making sense lol
Haha, thanks mate 🐐
Thank God I found you 😀
He is legend
please make a video on penumbra. 😃😃
The last video in the series explains it. Look for the geometric blurring video 🙂
How can I answer this question,, with reference to a 3 phase x Ray machine, describe the importance of the anode heel effect.
I need your help members, I have exams very soon but am abit confused.
How to know which side of the machine is anode side or cathode side?
Please answer sir...
Cathode has the filament and the anode is angled. Cathode is relatively negatively charged and anode positively charged. Cathode produces electrons and anode produces x-rays
Maybe I'm misunderstanding my into to radiography book, but it seems to be saying the exact opposite of what you demonstrated in this video. It says, "Generally, the steeper the anode, the more severe or noticeable the heel effect becomes". That doesn't make any sense to me because, as you showed in the diagrams at 2:40, the radiation travels through less of the anode material when it' at a steeper angle. So the heel effect should be LESS severe with a steeper anode angle. I don't know what my book is trying to say.
Hi Chad. A steeper angle does create a greater anode heel effect (your book is agreeing with what I’m saying in the talk). The steeper anode angle means X-rays have to travel through more anode heel before exiting the anode side of the tube. Hope that makes sense 🙂
Thanks for lecture.
I see that *intensity* of beam towards cathode side should be more than that towards anode side, because xrays are released in isotrophic manner within the anode, and they get attenuated as they pass through the anode material, which is thicker towards anode side, thinner towards cathode side,i.e heel effect .
My question is ;
Doesn't that anode material through which xrays pass after getting produced, act like some sort of Filter,
And shouldn't it make beam hard by removing those low energy xray photons more towards Anode side than cathode side, i.e making beam hard(i.e more energetic) towards anode side than cathode side .
Am i saying it right?
Haroon. You have absolutely hit the nail on the head. Shows you truly understand what is going on. Well done. You are right. The average beam energy is higher at the anode side (effectively a harder beam). However, the absolute energy (intensity) is still higher at the cathode side. Think of the actual number of photons at the cathode side, the high energy photons are still there and will still slightly outnumber those at the anode side.
@@radiologytutorials thanks for that explanation.
Dr Haroon! Did u get ur answer? I am also thinking the same… and even after reading the answer of dr Michael, I didn’t get it 😔
Filters increase the average energy of photons and thus increase the penetrability.
@@rubyamir5245 answer lies within my question , and Dr micheal confirmed that.
Hi @rubyamir5245 I'm 5 minutes from home. Will try to give a more concrete example when I'm back that will hopefully help understanding 😅
Hi
May i ask you a question?
Which side heel effect is more pronounced on ?! Anode side or cathode side. Some books says anode side and others says cathode side so can you please clarify this?
The heel effect is more at the anode side. Therefore, beam intensity is higher on the cathode side 🙂
@@radiologytutorials 🙏
🙌🙌
🔥🔥🔥🔥
🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
I have presented papers at national conferences in 1988 and 2016 which had to do with tube angulation. For some historical reason, most radiographers believe changing the tube angle will alter the geometrical projection of the subject. In reality, the only thing that changes with tube angulation is collimation. Here is a video to correct the error made by 75% of qualified radiographers. czcams.com/video/mZPD_gLs5Dw/video.html