Gravitational Waves Discovered for the First Time!
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- čas přidán 2. 06. 2024
- On Feb 11, 2016 Scientists at LIGO announced that they had detected gravitational waves for the first time. In the press conference heard round the world, they showed the tell-tale waveforms indicating that huge event in which two black holes merged 1.3 billion lightyears away, had created waves that passed by the LIGO detectors and were finally heard. Einstein predicted the existence of these waves in his 1915 theory of general relativity. But it took a long time for us to come up with the technology to detect them. For one, we had to invent lasers! This video discusses why this discovery is important, what it means for astronomy, and what’s next. If you can’t tell, I’m very excited.
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Creator: Dianna Cowern
Warping spacetime animation: Kyle Norby
Visuals: NASA, LIGO, SXS, R. Hurt, T. Pyle, CalTech, MIT
Music: APM and CZcams
It will be interesting to see what we will find once our gravitational wave detectors are more sensitive.
+Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky
Agreed. Like everyone else, I was excited to hear about this because I am curious and I want to know how the Universe works. That is was such an important discovery for General Relativity is amazing by itself, and I in no way want to detract from how great that is. However, now that we have a strong proof of concept, we now have another tool with which to "gaze" at the heavens, and who knows what else we might discover with it.
This may be as important as the first use of a telescope for astronomy, or the first use of a microscope for microbiology and nano logic. From this one discovery (and admittedly a ton of work building the instruments, and analyzing the data they gave us) they figured out that the signal was probably caused by merging black hole over a billion light years away, and basically with that saw one of the single biggest expenditures of energy since the Big Bang. From one detection. I can't wait until they figure out how to use these things better, and make them even more precise. This rivals my enthusiasm for JWST, and it is only getting started.
BTW, I see you everywhere. From Scishow and Crash Course to PBS Spacetime to Braincraft, and now Physics Girl. You sir, have impeccable taste in youtube channels/videos, if I may say so.
I'm hoping it will open up the field for dark matter observation.
+TheAnubis022 - Dude, get over yourself. That's just a bit too much anger to be healthy.
+Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky they're planning (or building already) a detector to put up in orbit. i think i read it would be like a hundred or thousand times more sensitive. cant wait for this and fucking webb telescope
+TheAnubis022 for people that care about science, finding Eugene's channel is a goldmine. I'm glad he's helping more people find his powerful, insightful videos that shed light on abstract concepts that are hard to grasp for the average person like myself.
LIGO, Cern, Hubble...what a time to be alive.
hMMM
So you are saying that in space nobody can hear you scream, but they can hear you wave?
if they have the right instruments, yeah.
If you're fat enough, yeah.
+RealationGames So if you are fat enough to be a singularity, then you are small. Wow proof that the all you can eat diet actually works.
+Terry Endicott maybe they won't hear you, but they definitely will hear your mum's waves.
+Terry Endicott Not really, the black hole in the center of our galaxy is bigger than earth. You should tell your mom to go on a diet.
Thank you. This was the most layman description of these waves I watched over the last few days. You explained a whole lot in such short time. Keep up the good work
This is one of the best videos I've seen on gravitational waves. I thought you really explained them in and understandable way while also showing why their discovery is important. Perhaps You and PBS SpaceTime could do a collaboration in the future.
when the waves compress space, do they stretch time and vice-versa? if so, then would one laser come back before the other?
principally, yes, but the lasers are on constantly, so they can't "arrive" earlier or sooner, but, as explained in the video, their interference changes.
+Erick Capitanio Well one light beam does arrive before the other due to the stretching of the space and in that way alters time - as in the time difference between each beam arriving at the same time when measured.
The test masses move, according to the Wikipedia article on gravitational waves. Whether there is an effect on the laser beams other than from that movement, I don't know because I don't understand math well enough to grasp general relativity.
i just love your passion for all this and its really really interesting.
Loved this! Thanks for the video Dianna, can't wait to see what other things we are about to discover about our universe!
...so what your saying is whereas thanks to seismometers we've been able to map things like the magma chamber under Yellowstone and detect nuclear tests in North Korea, gravitational waves will let us map massive phenomena that take place a really long way away from the earth. That's cool. Erm, stupid question - does this mean the hunt is on for the existence of gravitational particles? If so, what sort of energy levels (and hence accelerator cost) will be required?
+Steve Gould The hunt for gravitons has been on for some time, in a way nearly a century. A particle detector is out of the question, gravity is so weak one the size of the sun would need to use a neutron star as a gravity source and run four thousand years to get a reliable signal.
Instead gravitons, if they exist, will have to be proved indirectly. The first step is in fact examining gravitational waves, which may tell us some of the properties of gravitons, or rule them out entirely.
You are just like a female Vsauce! (I love your vids)
+Aylin Ergün nah she is better. vsauce is predicated on speech pattern, rather than actual content. He could talk about folding a sock and those sheep would listen and think it's profound.
+Dan Frederiksen bro why you hating m8? i love both channels
+Dan Frederiksen well, there are a LOT of ways to fold a sock.
+Dan Frederiksen
I also use Betamax! Wanna make out? Heterosexuality is so mainstream.
+Tobias Thorsen
New Vsauce question: What's the best way to fold a sock?
Best summary I've seen so far on this amazing new discovery. Thanks for posting!
Great explanation on gravitional waves and LIGO. Thanks
i think i love you
+Enrique Moguel
Thanks man, I appreciate that.
+Enrique Moguel ur not the only one
+Enrique Moguel Take the queue bro
+Enrique Moguel me too..
+Enrique Moguel you probably need to wait your turn, your queue is 71, 000 plus...aka total the subscriber base :)
How did they come to the conclusion it was 2 massive black holes?
+Overonator I've seen in another video, that a spherical object alone can't produce gravitational waves (because it's simmetric ¿?) but a pair of objects orbiting each other can. And mathematically, the only waves strong enough to send such powerfull signals as we detect are the collision of two massive spiraling black holes.
My english sucks and here is the video if you would like to see it. /watch?v=1Tstyqz2g7o
+Overonator Someone calculated the signature that two inspiralling black holes would produce according to Einstein's predictions; and the observation matched that calculation perfectly.
+Overonator Just like you need a center and a radius to identify a circle, they used those patterns of gravitational waves to identify the two black holes....
+JMan Good summary. The only thing that I would have added is that the point at which they merge is determined by the size of the event horizon, which is determined by their masses. Larger event horizons mean that they merge when their orbital period around the mutual center is longer, so larger merging pairs merge when the frequency of the wave is lower.
+JMan Neither am I, but a physicist friend of mine explained it to me. :)
Amazing video keep it up I reaally enjoy all your videos
Your videos are so good.
Especially the last few seconds of the video - they pretty much exactly summed up why i study physics.
All I wanna say is thank you to the apple that fell from the tree in front of Isaac Newton :)
+Josh H Why? Newton would never have guessed any of this. Classical mechanics is a crude approximation to actual gravity that doesn't predict anything like gravity waves. You should be thanking Einstein for seeing the reality :)
IceMetalPunk Isaac newton created the basic understanding, without him who knows when it would have been thought of and maybe this discovery would never have happened
Josh H
Maybe. But Einstein really founded most of his work on Maxwell's; very little of general relativity relies on classical gravity. So it's not too farfetched to think Einstein would have come up with relativity even had Newton never discovered classical gravity.
+Josh H i think there's a western asian guy who wrote tons of books about gravity before newton
+Tiqon TP too aggressive bro, why? what's happening? do you have problem? share it with us
awesome
Bernie 2016
+maksim tsionskiy lmao. what does bernie have to do with this?
#Bernie2k16 - infinity
+Misael Cifuentes Bernie is so dense he creates gravitational waves. Or something.
+Misael Cifuentes Its signature thing. lol
Bernie 2016
+maksim tsionskiy Awesome you have a signature too!
Trump 2016
+UnderoathLambofgod
great, the difference is my candidate has integrity and honesty and actually never took money from lobbyist and yours hatemonger that hires illegals in his hotels, sells items made in mexico and china but tells he going to do something about it. Hypocrite. Oh he might be funding his own campaign, but don't be fooled, he got big money donations from even wealthy people.
Bernie 2016
I love how simple your explainings are, the ball moving in the sheet was genious!
ps. your hair looks amazing!
very nice animations. Thanks for this episode
and at the same time some people still believe that the earth is flat. crazy!
+Karl Winetzki Alvino that one is still more realistic than the flat earth theory in my opinion; not by a lot, but still...
+Vadzim Dambrouski And some believe the lie that everything in the universe is attracted to every other thing in the universe by a force proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Complete and utter nonsense! Do you also think those composite pictures of the "big blue marble" from NASA are the real thing?
ItsAlwaysGod oClock
Can't tell if you're joking or serious... :\
+Noah Williams I'm placing a wager on sarcasm. That was a paraphrase of Newtonian gravity.
+Vadzim Dambrouski No, people really don't. Just people seeking attention or joking.
What's the speed of a gravitation wave ?
+Seed A I'm assuming the speed of light but that might actually be a profound question because why the speed of light if it's something clearly different from light. And indeed, why does light have that speed.
If the speed is slightly different than light that might also be profound.
+Lordious I am thinking the same, but from what I recall, isn't space exempt from the light speed restriction? I was thinking that it was possible from what I read on the physics of hyper drives that by distorting the space behind and in front of the spacecraft it is possible to appear to move through space faster than light, but in actuality space is moving around you. It looks like it is C though, although I'm not sure why.
+Sarah Szabo the elasticity of space could be at infinite speed but the propagation at c.
Quite analogous to how air compression can be much much faster than sound propagation in air.
In that analogy however, FTL travel would be possible. And it no doubt is.
All the visiting UFOs are not paddling here.
Dan Frederiksen
Lol, the UFO crackpots. I finished the calculus program at my college and I'm looking forward to taking the physics program there. I think it'll be great.
+Sarah Szabo tsk tsk tsk little naive girl. Just to give you a glimmer of the scope of your error, the first thing Bill Clinton investigated when he became president was the UFO issue and to this day he sides with me. His chief of staff John Podesta tweeted at the end of 2014 that his biggest regret was still not achieving UFO disclosure. He is currently Hillary Clinton's campaign manager.
US astronauts have come forward to say it's real and being covered up. A dozen US colonels. Thousands of airlines pilots. Police officers. Hundreds of millions of people around the world. All speaking to a detailed consistent global phenomenon that makes scientific sense unlike our foolish scifi with wings and sound in space. It's quite real, little girl. I'm the one who knows.
Loved it. Some really good examples that helped me understand it even more. Hurray!
These kinds of discoveries are so inspiring.
You have beautiful hair. Love the red. Thanks for the video...
umm shes talking about the universe and u concentrated on her hai?
Nuclear energy video? :D
such a great explanation. thanks for all your hard work bringing us this info :)
I am basicly in love with your brain. Please dont stop your work and thanks a lot for it all :)
Gravitational waves might also prove the existence of parallel universes.
+Cognito ???
*****
I commented "???" because I don't know how this would work, but now that you say it, if space had more dimensions wouldn't those ripples travel through dimensions as well?
+Cognito They will probably 'prove' the existence of binary systems and their local density before any weaker signals are actually detected...
+Nicholas Mullen but if two massive black holes colliding only causes the detected ripple to be the width of a proton, then I doubt there's enough energy in a galaxy (or enough that can be expended/exchanged in one place) that can cause a ripple so strong that is causes "damage" to the fabric of spacetime. (I'm thinking along the analogy of a sheet, a small disturbance will cause a ripple, but a large enough one will tear the material.) and considering a galaxy doesn't have all it's mass concentrated in one place, its more likely that THIS discovery was two galaxies merging their central black holes in a similar way to what you were suggesting.
Perhaps it would be more useful to use this method to work out what happens to spacetime beyond the event horizon......?
+Cognito yes. but what is the relation between a dying planets or stars and the parallel universe/s ?
Thanks for the video! It really helped clear up this topic!
Awesome and educative in simple .... Thanks for the scientific effort and credibility.
Your channel is fantastic. Sincerely, thank you for all you do to make physics available to us all.
This channel is so amazing!!! I wish I found it sooner!
i was waiting for this video since the new came out :)
I appreciate the importance of this discovery and thank you for helping to deliver the message of this to the world. You are making a great contribution.
This is the most comprehensive description of spacetime and gravitational waves I've seen. Like the ball in the blanket.
Totally agree with your enthusiasm for Physics :)
I like your videos because you show so much passion about physics
Thanks for the video. Always GOOD ONE , Keep doing.
I love your videos! You are so fun and cover such great topics. Thank you for the informational entertainment, it is so great to have fun and learn at the same time
Thank You for all your videos 😃
im so happy you made a video about this :)
Thank you Physics girl for your efforts to simplify complicated topics and for educating lots of people.
among all the explanations this video was the best,thank you dear.
Thank you so much for that speech at the end! I'm all for discovery and exploration for knowledge's sake. I think when passion rules our research rather than greed there is much more that can be learned!
Really beautiful conclusion, Physics Girl:) Understanding the universe will always be my goal:)
+physics girl best explaination of aligo i've seen! Thanks! And also I love your hair.
I already love physics so much!😍❤️❤️❤️
Awesome video! I really liked the last part on, why do we care? Very inspiring and refreshing to hear someone give positive remarks!
thanks....you made it quite easier to understand....
Very well said at the end
I understood well about Gravitational waves by your this presentation only ..thanks many
Wow!!!! That’s amazing! Keep doing these !!! Homeschool moms would greatly benefit from your teaching style. The moms will get blown away too!!! Love this !!! Keep making these ! Physics girl ROCKS !!!
you're videos are AWESOME:)
Excellent explanation!
Dianna, Thank you for sharing your infectious excitement for physics discovery, which gushes unrestrained from this video. You, and your videos, embody the beloved Henri Poincare quote: "The scientist does not study nature because it is useful, he studies it because he delights in it. If science were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing..." You're a treasure for science outreach, and you're making a tremendous difference. I am honored to add your videos to my playlists. Please keep up the great work. Boyd Edwards, Professor of Physics, Utah State University. P. S. If you see Emily Calandrelli, please say "hi." She was a student in my honors physics class at West Virginia University.
So many videos on youtube about these gravitational waves and NONE seems to explain/answer the simple questions:
1. Are g-waves ripples in space-time fabric itself?
2. If they are, does that mean they are not affected by universe expansion?
3. If they're not affected by the space-time fabric expansion, does that mean they travel 'faster' through that fabric than other massless particle (like photons)?
Great episode, Dianna!
Thanks for that. Been trying to get a handle on this. Very clear and concise.
Thank you for the upload.
Very cool video. Thank you.
I love your videos so much you are so interesting!!!
This was an amazing video. I'm subscribing now.
Damn it. I was waiting for the Square Space commercial. ;) Great video regardless Dianna!
Even though I don't completely understand gravity waves, 2:34 did give me goosebumps.
3:09 "No--no words. No words to describe it. Poetry! They should've sent a poet. So beautiful. So beautiful... I had no idea."
Lovely conclusion
I love sciences but you make it even more enjoyable.
Just wow.. That concept of 'Gravitational Waves being a curvature of spacetime'; just mind boggling.. made it clear in my head.. would also like you to explain the concept of space-time..
Love your vids , yes
I said my daily prayer for you while watching this video this morning, Dianna. I prayed that you have a special victory today 2/4/24, even if it’s a small one, and that your husband is ultimately rewarded for his saint-like devotion to taking such wonderful care of you. 🙏🏻♥️ Only 7 more years worth of Physics Girl videos to go until until I’m caught up! 😁 I’m going to have to watch quite a few of them again because some of them are a little deep or else I’m a dummy. 🤷🏻♂️
The graphic at 1:43 would be more clear/accurate if the grid compressed and expanded with the movement of the mirrors, so that they didn't move relative to there position on the grid.
Hey I also have a passion for science and astronomy and I think ur great and your videos are really interesting and keep doing what ur doing cause ur doing it right. 🌠🔭🔬
hello from france! you make nice work thank you!
Very cool video :D I subbed to your channel
I can listen to you all day
Yes!
We are curious little critters.
Good stuff. 👍🙏🙋
Great points. Research is always relevant, even if it is "just" out of curiosity. I'll go out on a limb and posit that, in all our history, not one single advancement of significance has occurred without at least one moment of, "Hmm? I wonder what would happen if we tried this?"
Here's to all those curious about "Irrelevant" things. Thanks for helping us find our way out of the caves.
aw, you summed it up so beautifully!! loved it!! ... and i have to wipe my eyes ...
How can I like this like a billion times!!!?! *excited*
what I'm curious about is if gravitational waves can be applied in any mannor.
like warp drive?
Underrated channel
Great video, love the new hair style too :)
Nicely summarised. I guess when I heard you say 'inner fear' that I should assume 'interfere' ;)
Reminds me of an experiment we done in college using a Michelson Interferometer..
I think it's very important, it shows empty space isn't "nothingness" but a medium energy and matter sit in, like ripples in a water medium.
The thought struck me that a gravitational wave coming from any of certain possible directions and polarized in a certain way would not be detectable by LIGO. It would be necessary to build another detector rotated 45 deg., which would about double the cost, to pick up those other possible waves. Of course the increment of data wouldn't be worth it. It's kind of like how the Arecibo radiotelescope is still scientifically useful even though it always points almost straight up.
I can feel your excitement in this video. :)
It would be nice to have a video about the kind of technology that went into LIGO - it is a great feat in itself.
+Tapan Goel This can be a starting point :) www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/ligo-technology
One day man may realise he was here to enjoy himself, not to waste his time finding out how it works or destroy it by tampering with it. Just like a fun park.
cool stuff
Yay! She said Washington without adding state after and she wasn't referring to Washington D.C.! As a Washington resident, this makes me very happy.
Great video, curious @PhysicsGirl if Space-Time is a framework for mass to "rest-on", when I lucid dream is the "Space-Time" of a dream effected by Intention or Gravity?
I find it not only hard, but actually impossible to imagine a world where physics had no longer any applications (after all, everything that happens is based on physics).
i loved it I am a great fan🙌🙋🙌
Serious question, and I've been thinking about this since I've heard about this discovery: If space-time is being distorted, would not the light going in both directions in it be distorted exactly the same way, showing no change in alignment?
Beautiful..!!
You are the best teacher I wish if teacher like you teach in my school,
IMO, gravity waves are important because that gives us a window into how we might be able to travel through the galaxy in a reasonable amount of time. If we could create a wave, or waves, perhaps we could "ride the waves" to get to another star. In other words, we could compress and expand space in order to get there. Wild idea, I know, but the discovery of gravity waves is the first hint this may be possible.
A link to that paper at 1:05 would be nice. Not that I'd have much clue on the content - but the picture looked nice. :-)
+Gately Chasing Round the Car Google "prl gravity waves" and it's the first result (the link to Physical Review Letters)