Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA): Concept, Terminologies, Assumptions, Running, Interpreting - SPSS

[@valley-of-paradise1]

You have simply made life of doctorate scholars easier.
Sincere gratitude

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@ishararathnayake6159]

Yes, Simply amazing..

[@user-os1ne6gc8m]

A CLEAR CUT EXPLANATION ABOUT FACTOR ANALYIS FROM START TO END. UNDERSTOOD WELL.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank you. I am glad you liked it.

[@B.Serrano-mi8xl]

Fawad, I'm an undergraduate trying to propose a scale development study for my senior thesis. Thank you so much. WIth no prior teaching on this, I was able to understand very easily with an undergraduate level of statistics knowledge. You made so many of the papers I'm using for research comprehensible. You are doing great work and I am very grateful. Resources like this are so helpful. Thank you thank you thank you

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank you. I am glad you liked it.

[@emmanuelonoja6251]

You have given a good lecture on this. Thank you for sharing your thoughts

[@user-nz4wg4nz6b]

Its a wonderful explanation of EFA that made my research life easy. Thank you

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@JuberTheLegend]

The most helpful and concise video I found on CZcams. thanks!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@sandradsa1340]

Yes me too

[@alamzubair321]

Excellent demonstration. No other video on CZcams explains EFA so well.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@priyamishra4706]

sir it's great but reporting mechanism kaha milega

[@sehreensara6402]

Absolutely

[@ehteshamali2893]

I will definitely mention your channel and your efforts in guiding me in my acknowledgements section of my thesis.

[@researchwithfawad]

Awesome, thank you!

[@darefadare6969]

How do I thank you enough... So straightforward and very clear. I'm grateful

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Please do share in your research circle.

[@ranthony1556]

clear and concise from the start without unnecessary visaula or audio distraction

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@sakshimalawaliya6451]

You simplied EFA for me! Thank you!

[@researchwithfawad]

Happy to help!

[@missnerd4832]

Thank you so much. I'm writing my dissertation and have to use EFA. you've helped me a lot 😊

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@DFCinBE]

The best video out there explaining this concept. Congratulations and thanks so much!

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful! Do Share in your research circle.

[@YEJIFOOT]

Thank you very much. you are amazing instructor. I really appreciate you shared this valuable information for free. bless you so much

[@researchwithfawad]

You are very welcome

[@simonasusnea4836]

Thank you Fawad, your help is greatly appreciated.

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it helped

[@polarbear2393]

Dear Fawad, thank you very much for all your videos here on CZcams. They have made a significant difference for me as I am a practitioner who has decided to embark on his journey of research without any prior background in science. Without your videos, I would have been lost. Thanks again and keep up the great work. Greetings from Switzerland!

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked the videos. I hope they are helpful in your research endeavor.

[@rejoiceihenetichidi8934]

Indeed, you are the best.

[@molisha4149]

thank you. After watching this many videos this helps me the most.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@dr.vimalchandraverma443]

Amazing sir. Your way of teaching is superb

[@researchwithfawad]

So nice of you

[@saidgaryare4104]

Thank you, sir, for accepting my request and thank you for your kindness and generosity, may Allah bless you.

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure is all mine. I hope the session helps you understand EFA.

[@researchwithfawad]

You can also visit the link in description to download supporting documents

[@saidgaryare4104]

@@researchwithfawad Absolutely, sir, this is a big step of my data analysis. All praises are to you. Thank you

[@saidgaryare4104]

@@researchwithfawad yea I already downloaded sir.

[@sweet-girl6724]

Again all your videos are useful thank you a million 💕💕

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad you like them!

[@mdshahparan8029]

It helped a looooooooot, I became a fan of yours sir, respect, love and dua for you from my deep heart. Shukriya.

[@mdshahparan8029]

can you please help me with the interpretation format please, I couldn't find it on the comment section.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@researchwithfawad]

Please visit
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/

[@rfc8507]

It was amazing. Thank you so much. Allah bless you.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Ameen

[@dirichiumunna9365]

This is so useful for understanding FA!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@musiclalalaaa]

Cant express how helpful this was thank you so much

[@researchwithfawad]

You're very welcome!

[@sanfay5839]

You are an awesome teacher!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@MsSaddal]

sir hats off to u...doing a great job.....all videos are worth watching as it has simple to understand material...thank you ..best wishes from punjab (amritsar)

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks and welcome

[@parinayamjal5768]

Excellent explanation!! I understood most of it. Thank you

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked it

[@benazirmahar01]

you have explained in a very easy way, so many thanks.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@deepakdass5286]

Great knowledge sharing Fawad, so much learning here. Thank you!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@jacksonelias4790]

Excellent explanations and demonstration. It is really helpful. I will share the link that you provided with my students to get a better understanding.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Thanks for sharing :)

[@MaryanneNduka]

You are really a great teacher..

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank you! I am grateful for your appreciation.

[@anitachopra9579]

Sirji, FA is making sense.thank you. Great work.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks and welcome

[@nehagarg9379]

Very beautifully explained. Thank you

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@Julietsilviya]

Clear and beautiful explanation 😊

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks a lot 😊

[@lalaliza315]

Thank you so much sir... It was best video on EFA I have ever seen on EFA...
🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@researchwithfawad]

Most welcome

[@cecyliaadamczak4301]

Very good video! I finally feel like I understand efa a bit :)

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it helped!

[@abdul-ganiyufuseini2920]

What a great presentation. This has been so helpful for my PhD. project. Thank you

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@shimelisayele3704]

Thank you for your kindness

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching

[@abcdefghijkl534]

Out standing explanation sir....

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@adnansabzi]

It ll be good to share slides of the lecture with viewer's

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. Please visit the link in the description. Thanks.

[@user-go9ot5dx7s]

the lecture is great

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks

[@ronaldmoirangcha638]

Very clearly understood from your lectures Sir. Can you also provide the reference textbook we can use for EFA and CFA 😇

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@cobbinahgloria2984]

Thank you very much Dr

[@researchwithfawad]

You are most welcome

[@tvjagdishrao4486]

very nice work

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@tenzindawa3338]

your video is very helpful..... thank u sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad to hear that

[@evansaddison7332]

Iam well educated about the factor analysis

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for your interest.

[@Varunbhalla999]

Thank you very much sir.

[@researchwithfawad]

Most welcome

[@benazirmahar01]

superb , i am grateful

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@miltontasi1714]

what an excellent demonstration beyond any other explanation

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks l. I am glad you liked it.

[@kwasiaduboamah7867]

Very insightful

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching.

[@ma.erenitabahian874]

Very good, I learned a lot!

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@user-mo9wk6fb1o]

Ultrasmart explanation

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank You. I am glad you liked it.

[@ezeugwundubuisistan8904]

So helpful. Thanks a lot

[@researchwithfawad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@digitalbuddypk]

Salute you sir. You are great

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@vincenarh8317]

That is very helpful. Thanks!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@hosseinazadmanesh9089]

Amazing

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank you! Cheers!
I am glad you liked it.

[@naseermuhammad1056]

MashAllah well explained.

[@researchwithfawad]

الحمد للہ
I am glad you liked it

[@ggtharinduyg]

Thank you Dr. Fawad for the wonderful video which was very much helpful. Appreciate it if you could clarify whether it is ok to try running EFA with different fix factor numbers when no meaningful results could be obtained running EFA without specifying any predefined factor number.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.
If you are using an existing scale, no need for EFA.
Instead of fixing the factors, first try to do EFA on individual factors this will help clean the factors.

[@JohnRBaker-gw6oy]

Very good explanation. Thank you.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@imanejai6953]

Thank you for your clear explanation, but how to calculate CR and AVE?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. That will have to be done manually. You can put in the loadings values into the calculate available on the website (Under Excel Sheet).
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/download-research-resources/

[@anasaslam9798]

Thank you sir...

[@researchwithfawad]

Most welcome

[@subhabratamitra4910]

God bless you !

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching

[@AsadKhan-lu8kx]

Great video, just need a bit more clarity on the sample size though. Given that you have 19 items/observed variables in this demo , I would presume (based on the rule of thumb described here), that you had anywhere around 19*4 or 5 sample size for this video, which is quite large for a pilot study or questionnaire validation. Would greatly appreciate if you could clarify this bit, thanks!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Thats the minimum one should have, the higher the sample soze, the better.

[@kh.abdulrehman]

Why did we remove RD2 instead of including it in the first subscale?
RD2 is loading well with the first subscale questions.

[@researchwithfawad]

The reason is that the item doesn't belong that construct.

[@Alhamzah_F_Abbas]

Great explanation thank you, prof. regarding CFA can we use it in PLS?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. For CFA use AMOS

[@yaseminrao8706]

thank you sooooo much

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching

[@malikasharma1390]

Hello sir. First of all i would like to appreciate ur video. This video is one of the informative one. Sir, can u plz tell me that if KMO value is 0.705, is it consider appropriate ? As u mentioned in ur report that MSA values above 0.800 are consider appropriate for factor analysis. Help me with this sir. Thanks regards.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. 0.70 is also fine.

[@mayoravlogs]

Thank you 🙏

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@mayoravlogs]

It's not about liking, but it's all about concept clearance. For last three months I have gone through many CZcams channel regarding factor analysis, even I had already been through your channel before. As I got this video, I got clear idea about it. I will definitely recommend others to go through it for concept clearance.

[@greatmind3842]

Hello Dr. Fawad. Please can you include the article for Reporting EFA that you mentioned would be in the description? It's not there. Thanks so much

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. Here is the reference
Latif, K. F. (2018). The development and validation of stakeholder-based scale for measuring university social responsibility (USR). Social indicators research, 140(2), 511-547.

[@greatmind3842]

@@researchwithfawad Thanks so much, Dr. Fawad. I really appreciate your help. But, please I have another request, a question actually: Please after EFA, must I perform a CFA before using the factors in my SPSS analysis. In this case, no theories are involved. Again. thanks for your help.

[@rishuroy2238]

Excellent

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@nursufyanaulfachemustaffa6554]

Greetings Dr. I have adopted questionnaire items from well-established studies and I have translated the questionnaire to Malay Language through the use of certified translators. My question is, should I conduct EFA? Or can I just proceed with the analysis in PLS-SEM?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. It is not required.

[@rukhsanamehmood6138]

Jazakallah khair Sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@ggdelata9182]

Goodevening sir! I am a senior high school student from Benigno S. Aquino National High School, Tarlac, Philippines. May I request to have a permission to use your tool format/ your survey instrumentation format for our research study! We won't forget to cite your name sir... It would be a great help. Thank you!

[@researchwithfawad]

Sure you can use the format

[@JercyGalindez]

This really help me. 😁😁😁

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it

[@gayatridwivedi2642]

Everyone around me to know this - I didnt -now I do

[@researchwithfawad]

Thank you. I am glad you liked it.

[@sayanisikdar1814]

sir confirmatory factor analysis explain kar dijiye. All your videos are excellent sir.

[@researchwithfawad]

Here is a whole lecture series (in progress). There is a session on CFA as well.

[@optripathi616]

Reporting is very useful

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@shwetasingh6912]

What to do if factor loading shows a negative sign? Should we remove the variables?

[@researchwithfawad]

The negative sign shows that the item has a negative correlation. You may need to reverse code that item.

[@myrarao4148]

Amazing video! Thank you for this. I had an urgent doubt, if I have 5 factors but only 4 are significant i.e more than 1, is my data wrong?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. No it is not wrong, when you say significant, do you mean eigenvalue over 1. Are there any items loading onto factors that they should not? Check and remove the items, also if you are using an already validated scale, no need for EFA.

[@myrarao4148]

@@researchwithfawad I am using validated scales for each construct, but do I need to check again since its all put together? and yes I meant eigenvalue

[@nibeditashyam5614]

Just wanted to ask that in EFA is it compulsory for all the variables after extraction to represent one latent factor?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. Use EFA only of the scale is self developed. If you have adapted or adopted the scale, there is no need for EFA.

[@sohaibkhan6707]

Sir, it shows this after analysis. Please help me out.
There are fewer than two cases, at least one of the variables has zero variance, there is only one variable in the analysis, or correlation coefficients could not be computed for all pairs of variables. No further statistics will be computed.

[@researchwithfawad]

The issue is with respect to missing values in your data. Refer to this link
www.ibm.com/support/pages/factor-analysis-returns-error-there-are-fewer-2-cases-variable-0-variance-or-only-1-variable

[@seemiTariq]

its great sir

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@SorayaBintiIshak]

hi dr.fawad, im doing presentation in my classroom. this video helped me a lot. However, may i know, how can i get the sample data to run in the spss?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. I am afraid this data is part of an ongoing research.

[@ehteshamali2893]

Asalamualikum sir, I'm really grateful for your videos. You really helped me with moderation analysis using smart pls. Sir I wanted to ask regarding adapted questionnaire and the use of factor analysis. Sir, can we set the number of factors based on the adapted questionnaire? When we run factor analysis through SPSS, it gives two options: 1) Based on eigen values 2) fixed number of factors. The papers from where I have adapted my questionnaire has total of 7 items/ dimensions/ themes in total. So can I use the option number 2 - fixed number of factors = 7? I have adapted my questionnaire from 3 different papers. Should I proceed with option 1- based on eigen values or option 2 - fixed number of factors. Thank you so much sir for your help. :) I have learned a lot from you.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. No need for EFA is scale is adapted from a validated study.

[@ehteshamali2893]

@@researchwithfawad Thank you so much sir :)

[@akojiadama8960]

thanks for sharing this info.....

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.

[@MUSICAHOLIC999]

Dr. in the total variance explained table... what is the component referring to? is component no. 1 the same as item no. 1?

[@researchwithfawad]

This refers to the factors that can be extracted. Normally we look at the Eigen Value to assess the no. of factors to be extracted.

[@user-bp5mg7bx1m]

SIR, I am conducting
RESEARCH ON Topic SOCIAL
IMPACT ON CONSUMER
Behaviour and i am using
TAM Theory factors
i.e, PU & PE under the
Heading PERCEPTION
TOWARDS SOCIAL MEDIA
PLATFORMS...should i have to conduct CFA and EFA both or only CFA
And plz tell cfa is carried out from spss only or from Smart PLS too..

[@researchwithfawad]

If you are using a questionnaire that is from existing research, there is no need for EFA.

[@TarannumSiddique-kd2jc]

link for the notes in description is not working ...please do something

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for letting me know.
Please check this link
researchwithfawad.com/index.php/lp-courses/data-analysis-using-spss/how-to-perform-exploratory-factor-analysis-using-spss/

[@Drdahriofficial]

sir, Can you share your video series how to work on AMOS, Hypothesis testing? and other EFA and CFA related videos

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for your interest. Here is the complete playlist
IBM SPSS AMOS: czcams.com/play/PLb7vm6tsQ3Kvinj9MFF6wbQFDBdkU1ERP.html

[@dr.kamrankundi9819]

Please, explain the CFA as well. We are waiting

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for your interest. I am glad you liked the video. Here is a complete playlist on AMOS, software primarily used for CFA

[@syedarabianaqvi5336]

Can you apply factor analysis on an already established scale?

[@researchwithfawad]

You can, but it is not required

[@tenzindawa3338]

sir one question plz
if i adopt a scale from pretested one but I change one word of it ie. instead of apparel I wrote clothes in my questionnaire. so do I need to apply EFA

[@researchwithfawad]

No, apply EFA if you develop a new scale. Else, not required.

[@asupriya808]

Sir
Sample size should be in 50
Is there any possibility to for 40 respondents
If no mean wt kind of tools were taken. ?

[@researchwithfawad]

Even 50 is low. if this is pilot testing, you do not need EFA. Simple Reliability test is enough.

[@army-cx7nk]

Many thanks Fawad.
-1- What is your hypothesize factor in this your video, as I see some use 0.3, and 0.4(Spence et al 2001, The structure of anxiety symptoms among preschoolers, Behav Res Ther. 2001; 39(11):1293-316)
-2- In this Spence et al, on Page 1298, what does this statement mean '' Of the 28 items, 26 had a loading in excess of 0.40 on their hypothesize d factor''.
-3- What is the ideal hypothesis factor 0.3, or 0.4, or 0.5?
-4- In this same paper, on Table 2, what is the meaning of the number in bracket of the factor loading means & how do I locate such in this your video?
-4- In reporting EFA, are we allowed to write out the Initial Eigenvalue % of Variance together with each factor Eigenvalue, Example Factor 1: (Eigenvalue 5.94; 24.718%)

[@researchwithfawad]

The statement "Of the 28 items, 26 had a loading in excess of 0.40 on their hypothesize d factor" means that the factor loading for the items was over the minimum 0.40 on the expected factor.
Preferred minimum loading is 0.50
Just report factor and their eigenvalue after removing the items that do not load well.

[@bizmasters8499]

sir. my research is based on confirmation of past theories regarding Working capital management practices. which factor analysis method shall i use. is it CFA ? if CFA , it it same way of Cheking EFA.

[@researchwithfawad]

CFA is different from EFA. Use CFA

[@shayistamajeed9889]

Sir if we are adapting a scale for a study in a non western culture like India that was originally developed in a western culture, do we need to go for CFA only ?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes, go directly for CFA and report Reliability and Validity

[@benazirmahar01]

what should be the minimum sample size required to conduct principal component analysis, please guide.

[@researchwithfawad]

150 is a good sample.

[@benazirmahar01]

SO MANY THANKS, one more thing I need to ask as I am adapting and translating an already validated questionnaire, which means cross-culture adaptation, is it suggested to perform EFA?

[@benazirmahar01]

@@researchwithfawad i don't have enough population, which other analysis can be performed to assess construct validity. I will be thankful,

[@researchwithfawad]

You can use SmatPLS.

[@Vivek-np9vm]

Sir, is varimax good for EFA or should we go with Promax? I was thinking principal axis and promax. Kindly let me know.

[@researchwithfawad]

use Varimax.

[@Vivek-np9vm]

@@researchwithfawad ok Sir

[@dfsalma9664]

Sir plz when we do EFA using SPSS and CFA using Smart Pls How should we start reporting?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes EFA using SPSS but SmartPLS is not for CFA it is for Confirmatory Composite Analysis.
Please refer to the playlist for reporting analysis results
Reporting Data Analysis Results: czcams.com/play/PLb7vm6tsQ3KumlMZjhIYrgn13naHWeh5j.html

[@trishalachauhan1615]

Ver useful video
Sir can please tell whether to use efa prio to cfa in smart pls , when the scale is adapted from different studies?

[@researchwithfawad]

No need to run EFA, if measures are already validated.

[@nadiahfazil6501]

Thank you Dr. Fawad for this helpful video. Is it possible we retain items that load onto another factor as the said factor's item instead of deleting them? Perhaps are there any articles that I can read regarding this? Would be grateful for your help.

[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked it.
No, those items shall be removed.