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Geonic Period: Corrections and Fun Facts
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- čas přidán 14. 08. 2024
- PATREON: / samaronow
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0:00 Intro
0:33 Will I do other spotlight episodes?
2:14 JFR Jacob
3:00 Did I go too far in distancing Judaism and Christianity?
6:59 Is the Khazar Khaganate purely legendary?
9:02 Are Crimean Karaites descended from Khazars?
10:26 Is Yiddish a Semitic or Germanic language?
13:43 The shifting meaning of "gaon"
14:42 Antony Blinken and who counts as a Jewish figure
16:16 Naming conventions and "Even Gvirol"
18:36 Correction: Rashi's commentary on the Bible
19:00 Correction: the Rashi script
19:43 A Jewish demographic breakdown for the 11th century
![The Sephardic Golden Age (756-1066) [feat. Hikma History]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CHj4g0SEVDA/mqdefault.jpg)
Long time first time. Love this channel. I grew up Chabad Orthodox, and I was definitely taught to believe in a heaven/hell version of the afterlife (although really ethereal and more than two outcomes). I think jewish thought about the afterlife is extremely complex, diverse, and has probably changed a lot - even within the last century. But ya, Hillel and Shamai probably could have cared less about the soul after death.
CZcamsr Rabbi Manis Friedman has some fascinating ideas on the subject of jewish interpretations of the afterlife and even reincarnation.
Linguistic stuff is absolutely as interesting as battles (even if I understand like half of it).
You might understand this. I just wrote most of the script for a coming episode. I won't spoil it for you, but it begins with this question:
"How did a country with no Jews during the Sephardic Golden Age become home to nearly half the world’s Jews by 1770?"
@@SamAronow Oh, yeah! I think it was kinda partially spoiled in this very video though.
Edit: at 11:50 - 12:00 (there's even a spoiler warning).
Can you ever do a video on how hebrew pronunciation changed through the ages?
I've been subbed to your channel for about 4-5 months now and I'm so impressed the quality and consistency of your episodes. Thanks for putting in all the work you do. I'm glad to see your views and subs growing.
As a sidenote, Bruno Kreisky was a Jewish head of government (Austrian chancellor in the 1960s and 70s)
Thank you for your videos! They are excellent and very informative.
In particular, thank you for discussing the differences between "American Evangelical Christianity" and its particularities with the beliefs of others.
As a US citizen, I think many people who are not familiar with the beliefs of the Evangelical community graft on Christian traditions from the old World which do not apply to a novel and historically new belief system (dating US evangelicalism to the Great Revivals of the 1830's where the idea of "personal salvation" became part of their religous traditions).
Indeed, I think American fundamental Christianity is unique from historical Christianity, Judaism and Islam and should be considered a new religion.
The problem is that it's hard to say where the dividing line should be. There's no clean break the way there was between Judaism and Christianity, or Judaism and Islam. Christianity has merely evolved according to the local culture and geographic context, same as any other religion does. It would absolutely be convenient if we could actually locate that clean break and formally separate evangelicalism from other Christianities, at least academically, but I don't think it'd be intellectually honest to do so.
Heh heh, looks like Calvinism has a lot better PR than the rest of Protestantism.
Please note: many Protestant denominations do not believe in a pre-destined ecclesia, you did mention Lutherans and you could lump Lutheran derivatives in there, but there are many others as well.
May you have more such surprises. Admitting mistakes involves learning something new and emphasises that you care about accuracy.
I appreciate all the time and effort you put in this amazing videos
הכול (הַכֹּל)
actually doesn't undergo any spirantization because the definite article ה- generally adds a dagesh hazak to the first letter that follows.
See the difference in nikkud between
אוּלַי בְּפַעַם אַחֶרֶת
בַּפַּעַם הָרִאשׁוֹנָה
Where /p/ is softened to /f/ in the first case but not the second because of definiteness.
Okay, so I was taught wrong how to speak Hebrew wrong.
So Kaifeng Jews when? Just kidding love the video
Broke: Bending the teachings of Judaism to advance modern/medieval Christianity.
Woke: Bending the teachings of Judaism to advance Neo-Platonism/Western Hermeticism.
Spoiler alert for the next several episodes.
@@SamAronow awesome!
never apologize for linguistic content... the development of yiddish (and other judeo-[x] languages) especially is something i will never tire of
5:25 I take some comfort in the fact that I'm not a part of that culture and community anymore, but, unfortunately, I was at one time. Your conclusions here reflect some conclusions I came to not so long ago (just about three years, in fact). Whatever part I played in that, I apologize for.
This is very pedantic but hakol is still hakol because of the article gemination (historic hakkol). A better example would be b'khol
Great video as always, keep up the good work!
This is what me and the world need yo! no one remembers historical context which still grips the world we live in today. Thank you sir
Wrong vid to comment that one but all your work is Good
18:14 as an Irishman I do recognise that , similar but still with quit a difference.ot happens in Sardinian too
Thanks for leaving comments on for this one, you're a brave guy.
6:10, Didn't know it was evangelical funding those adds, you learn something new every day.
To be fair, I am sure the evangelicals funded the adds, but they probably had to hire the translator. And author.
Hi Sam. There's a coin with the words "There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet" written on it in Arabic language and script that was minted in Anglo Saxon England. Just to show you that what you said about the coin you mentioned can happen anywhere. You may have heard of it.
Most people who watch history videos on the Internet love Linguistics.
Maybe, but an audience being interested in something doesn't make it easier to produce engaging content about it, especially when it's a departure from your typical subject matter. Just look at when HTME created his own alphabet.
The point about demography is fascinating
hey Sam. your videos are amazing! i wanted to ask if you make your own city maps (such of Jerusalem in the crusades period or getting them from somewhere?
Yes, I make my own. That way they will have a uniform style and always show what I need them to.
wow! they are amazing how do you have time to do all of this? what you do is amazing! you should have more subscribers!
6:00
*WHAT?!*
I swear I thought those were funded by Ultra-Ortodox organizations until now!
"Efrat" organization is funded by American protestants?
Nevertheless, those things really caught many Israelis from what I see. People that are religious, or "kind of" religious, but does not understand too much the Jewish religion...
Here is a comedy sketch about that:
czcams.com/video/RI0a91XjBF8/video.html
Only now I understand why the American accent...
It's Israeli-led, but almost entirely funded by American Christians. Some political parties get a lot of unofficial financial support from them too.
Okay, I just watched that sketch, and wow, that would never even be allowed on American television! Which I think demonstrates the cultural difference.
As a Christian, I don't see anything wrong with saying that Islam and Judaism are more similar than Christianity and Judaism.
Especially considering that Christianity has influences from European Pagans, that Judaism and Islam don't have.
They have influences of other pagans
As a christian, I agree with you. I can see how Judaism is more similar to Islam in religious practice and semitic outlook. When it comes to holy writ, though, I would imagine that Christianity would be more similar to Judaism since the Christian Bible attempts to add a new testament to the Hebrew Bible whereas in Islam I think the Holy Koran does more of a re-write instead of an add-on... not that I'm well versed in anything to do with Islamic holy writ. I was surprised when Sam said he got alot of pushback for saying Judaism is more similar to Islam than Chritianity.
At this point, I think "American Evangelical Christianity" is distinct and removed from Judaism, Islam and normative Christianity as it was understoond until the early 1800's when Christian mytihos was hijacked by the Slaver Oligarchy as its personal cult of racial superiority -- after all, there is a reason it is the "Southern" Baptist Convention
Impressed you know about Maltese 😍🇲🇹
I'm going to know about Europe's only Semitic language. I just have to. Plus the current US Secretary of Transportation is the son of a Maltese immigrant and speaks Maltese.
@@SamAronow Most of us were pretty excited seeing him run for US president. His father is from two villages away from mine. Would've been a wild experience to have a POTUS speaking the languages of the people he encounters rather than the other way around!
That actually used to be common. Many US Presidents up to World War II spoke French, German, Latin, and/or Ancient Greek. And Martin van Buren is the only President whose native language wasn't English (it was Dutch; many large regions of the US pre-World War I used other European languages as the common tongue over English). And now it is becoming expected for presidential candidates to know Spanish.
@@SamAronow To be fair, at this point you'd have a shorter list of languages Pete *doesn't* speak. Apparently he learned Norwegian just to read a book.
I think you should do a video on the bukharian Jews and there history. Living in America, NYC, they are everywhere lol.
The Crimean karaites are a fascinating community. Apparently many or even most of them survived the holocaust because they managed to convince the germans that they weren't real jews, and now many surviving karaites have converted to tatar paganism
I know I've written before that I don't think you should for historic videos, but I'm just curious, why *do* you speak with Modern Hebrew pronunciation in these videos?
I wouldn't speak in OP if I was talking about English history, so why would I do it in Hebrew? Especially when it's my third language.
@@SamAronow Haha maybe I'm just a stickler for linguistics but I *would* use OP where I'm capable when discussing English (or any other) history.
Jfr Jacob as governor of Goa established the bhagwan mahavir wildlife sanctuary/mollem national Park
3:20 Nah, I disagree. I think you were exactly right and now it just feels like backpedaling.
edit
Anyways, your earlier explanation still rings more true to me even with this re-contextualization. Islam and Judaism are certainly closer to each other than they're to Christianity.
For one, the idea that one can have a personal relationship with God isn't absent from Catholicism, Orientalism, Orthodoxy nor Nestorianisim, they just aren't necessary to make heaven.
Anyways, this video by the Emir-Stein foundation also made it clear that even where Judaism and Christianity share more surface similarity than with Islam, the deeper/thematic similarity in that same field is still between Judaism and Islam.
czcams.com/video/IIvlx2kXiH8/video.html
Just here for learning... when I'm done here I'm done here... 👍....
Do you plan on covering any DNA migration studies of Jews before, during, and after the diaspora?
Heya Sam. Love the channel and the work you do. Always a treat when a new video comes out.
Just a question or rather a possible suggestion for video ideas: one thing that seems to circulate on the internet and in different theologies is “X group of people are the true Israelites” do you think this is a topic that should be covered as this topic can still tend to impact Jews and Judaism today or is the subject something you’d rather not address in similar situation to the Khazar video where you’re giving either debunked or not fully historically viable explanations attention which can fuel some conspiracy theorists?
The latter.
You mention jewish offshoots of other languages (ex yiddish, ladino). In fact the same phenomenon is happening with English among orthodox jewish americans, in that they (mainly the men) infuse english with loads of talmudic hebrew, aramaic, and yiddish words. Look up "yeshivish" on wikipedia.
Yiddish and Ladino (and Yevanic) had sufficient time and space to evolve from their mother tongues that they are no longer fully intelligible. I'd be curious to know just how much Yeshivish has drifted, but I imagine it isn't as drastic as if it was being spoken in an otherwise non-Anglophone environment.
"Incomplete Jews which, Wow!" and "Dominated by" are good, apt ways to describe how non-protestant Americans feel about evangelicals' overbearingness in US politics (especially after the new footage of Jan. 6th has come to light!) and the arrogant smugness they have with Catholics and especially Jewish Americans. From the Catholic American perspective the "Left Behind" books are just the worst, most ignorant interpretation of Revelations; has nothing to do with the proper, scholarly partial or full preterist interpretations.
To any non-Americans: Pompeo only expressed what the protestant evangelical fringe felt but I GUARANTEE you that Antony Blinken will speak for all America. Antony Blinken being the new Secretary of State proclaims to the world, "America is back, baby!"
From outside of Judaism and Protestantism looking in, I kinda don't think that all of Judaism shares in common with Lutherans the whole moral-philosophical/predestination thing because of what CZcamsr Rabbi Manis Friedman says about the afterlife and the soul.
I don’t understand why the Khazar Khaganate is controversial to the point of having the comments disabled. I always thought it was a pretty fascinating, and surprising, episode of Jewish history.
Because it is loaded with antizionist and antisemitic sentiment among huge swaths of the internet.
It is fascinating, but hopelessly tied up in modern racial and religious drivel.
It definitely is an intriguing subject, but having to disentangle all the propaganda would make the task of completeing a comprehinsive video quite daunting, I imagine
Because the dialogue has been hijacked by gaping assholes.
And how!
So.. forgive my ignorance but... I'm watching this video in november 2022, what happened to the Kazar Khaganate video? was it removed? It doesn't appear in Sam's chronology so I haven't seen it yet
It's unlisted. You have to go through the playlist to find it.
Yeah, I eventually found it through the playlist.. thank you Seth!!
@Sam Aronow I know this, but how do you conclude from it that in 1099 50,000 Jews lived in the Land of Israel out of a population of 200,000?
Besides Hebrew inclusions, Yiddish has loan words from other languages of countries that Jews inhabited or passed through on their way to the Rhine valley, notably from Old French and Latin. Two examples: What could be a more Jewish girls name than Yenta? Actually it "Gentile" in OF. Another: when we bless someone we "bentch" them. From the Latin "benison". Jews, as you note, lived in Slavic speaking countries for a thousand years so, of course, Yiddish has lots of Slavic loan words like "bubbe" and "zeide".
Yiddish, while starting in the Rhineland picked up a lot more Slavic influence as more of us were heading east.
What happened to the algazara Khanate video?
Firkovich did not forge documents he bought forged documents and he argued that crimean karaites were descendents of the 10 tribes to my knowledge seraya shapshal created this hypothesis because he was a turkic nationalist he forged multiple academic studies which were believed by Soviet authorities and the karaite community
Bruno Kreisky was a Jewish Chancellor of Austria in the 1970s and early 1980s. Not that I'm Jewish or Austrian, just that I'm a demsoc/socdem type.
Btw idk where u got that picture of rashis letters but alot of those are wrong just for example the shin and gimal and aleph and tes and more
I want to note that by 1920 the Jewish population of Palestine reached 60 000, which meant it took just over 800 years for the Jewish population to exceed the purported 1090 number of 50 000. Also would like to know before crusades where did most of the Jews in Palestine live, Galilee maybe?
Yes, mostly in the Galilee, as that area hadn't been ravaged in the Hadrianic persecutions. That's why the Great Sanhedrin relocated there afterward. And a similar pattern emerged as the community rebounded from the First Crusade.
Seems like you deleted the video on kazar and now I know nothing 🤷♀️
It's unlisted you can see it on the playlist
Are you going to make a discord?
However, some Jewish sects, such as the Lebovovith, do believe. in and place. importance on and claim. to know a lot about, the afterlife.
What songs do you use in your videos?
Urgh Kissinger...a shande
Did Jewish residents adopted fashion styles from their neighbors, or did they have their own distinct clothing?
Jews would have emulated local fashions to the extent that they were able. The three main things distinguishing them from their neighbors would have been Jewish law (i.e. head coverings and other religious garb), mandatory identifying clothing (varied by country, it could be nothing or it could be a yellow hat and badge), and sumptuary laws (which forbade certain classes, sometimes including Jews, from dressing like the nobility).
@@SamAronow Why was yellow the chosen colour?
@@mikeoxsmal8022 yellow was considered a color for outcasts in medival Europe
@@gilgameschvonuruk4982 interesting But I assume exceptions did exist as I do know in Ireland at the time maybe a bit later Most clothing was yellow
@@mikeoxsmal8022 I recall Ian Mortimer saying that prostitutes in 14th century England were required to wear yellow cloaks.
in 21:19 are you saying that a quarter of the population of Palestine in 1100 was Jewish? (50,000 jews out of 200,000)
So when do you think the Muslim-Arab majority was formed in this land?
Sometime after 661, as I discuss a little in my first video from this series.
@@SamAronow From what I understood. It was not until the Mamluk period.
The land still had a Christian-Jewish-Samaritan majority until then.
@@SamAronow What are your sources for this demographic data?
14:14 It’s the Hebrew word for…what?
It's funny I had no idea you were originally from America because you have an accent when you pronounce certain words. Like your pronoucne can't as caant with an emphasis on the a. Where in America are you from?
What is the history of Ashkenazi Jewry?
It was partially already covered in multiple of the regular episodes, starting with the one titled 'Roman Exile (73-115 CE)' and including the latest one, and it will be undoubtedly continued in the upcoming episodes. Something tales me that the next one might be a big part of the answer to your question.
Actually, the next one will go almost everywhere *except* Ashkenaz.
@@SamAronow Ah, then one of the upcoming episodes. :)
19:43 What are your sources for this demographic data?
"Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History" by
Sergio DellaPergola, Hebrew University Jerusalem. I disagree with his findings in two areas and account for the difference here. He accepts Benjamin of Tudela's secondhand report of 455,000 Jews living in modern-day Saudi Arabia when there were likely next to none, and he posits the presence of 7,500 Jews in non-Balkan Eastern Europe a century before the Statute of Kalisz. (PDF)
www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/dell/DellaPergola%20Some%20Fundamentals.pdf
@@SamAronow I know this, but how do you conclude from it that in 1099 50,000 Jews lived in the Land of Israel out of a population of 200,000?
Two ways:
1. Because of the rate at which Jews had been in decline as a percentage of the local population since the time of Constantine. At that time, half of the population was Jewish. By the Islamisation of Palestine, it was around 1/3, so I judged it would be around 1/4 by 1099.
2. We have a decent idea of what the overall population was in Crusader Jerusalem: around 250,000 in 1131, of whom around 1/4 were crusader settlers, though that included expansion into most of present-day Lebanon.
@@SamAronow
According to this study book. It was around 500,000 at the height of the Crusader period when the eastern Christians and the Frankish were the majority.
twitter.com/adinhaykin/status/1312657581891096576?s=20
I honestly thought that 50,000 Jews sounded like too few for the whole of Palestine at that time. Even with the events of the past several centuries, I would have expected at least double that, maybe more like quadruple.
EDIT: listening further, I see that my misapprehension was more about my assumptions of the overall population in the region at that time. Having heard that France had a population around 20 million at a time not to far from this, I thought with western Asia generally being more populous at this point in history, Palestine overall having a population of one or two million wouldn't have been beyond the realm of expectations. Though I think my mental image of Palestine is a bit bigger than it actually is as well, so that didn't help.
Autocephalous?
Yemenites still pray in yemenite pronunciation even religious zionist yemenites
What an amazing character The Bangie Jewish General. Love your material. The Christian love for Judaism is manipulative and I'm glad you point in oút
The reason westerners say ‘Judeo-Christian’ is BECAUSE of its exclusion of Islam. Islam has a complex jurisprudence built into it with the Hadith. Christianity does not. Allowing Jews to live in your state and under what circumstances, there is no Christian prescription for. It also has to do with Secularization. This is purely a Christian phenomenon, or rather emerged in a Christian milieu (ie Spinoza), that was later exported to Israel! Secularism could only have arose w the innovation of Protestantism and theologies like Deism and the Quakers. As you say in your video, Israel is a secular state. This would be impossible to even conceive without Christian theological input within Judaism since the early modern period. Christians have an idea of repentance and forgiveness that requires little ritual practice unlike Islam and Judaism, where there is no God-as-man ‘equality’ that Christ brings, instead a kind of subservience based on a covenant that must be upheld through laws and rituals, like halal and kosher and prayer and recitation. Christianity is directly derived from Judaism with Hellenistic innovations. Islam is only derived from Judaism as much as you could say Samaritans are; they came about in a multi-religious Semitic milieu.
I live your videos, but your assessment of Christianity was pretty off base IMO. Also the idea of autocephaly in an Orthodox Christian context is very different from what I understood your point about Jewish and Islamic communities to be. I think you’re quite right to say that this is a key area of difference.
יוסף יוסף כפרה...
14:42
Kissinger, Blinken...names to be proud of ! (ROFLMAO)
.
You don’t understand Catholicism if you think you can “rack-up” points in heaven in Catholicism. In Catholic Theology you cannot “earn” heaven. It’s only by the mercy of God and Jesus’ sacrifice we might get there.