TEMPLE OF APOLLON DIDIM - PROPHECY CENTER OF THE ANCIENT WORLD - ANCIENT BUILDINGS #8 - With ENG Sub

Located 18 kilometers south of Miletos, an ancient port city in western Turkey, the Temple of Apollo in Didim - anciently known as Didymaion - was the third largest temple in the ancient world.
This temple, which is the second most important oracle center after Delphi in Greece, played an important religious and political role in the city of Miletus and the Mediterranean basin. Many important rulers of the period, from Alexander the Great to the Roman Emperor Diocletian, who sought the grace and guidance of the God Apollo, personally visited or sent ambassadors to the temple. Its feature as a center of prophecy was the starting point of the Great Persecution initiated against Christians under the leadership of Diocletian. And subsequently, the temple was converted into a church by Christians in the 6th century AD.
Didymaion was the third and largest temple built around a natural spring believed to give divination power. The first temple was a modest structure built on a former Carian religious site. In the 6th century BC, people around Miletus started the construction of a new and larger temple. This second temple, at least as large as the Parthenon in Athens, was an indication of the increasing fame and influence of the oracle center.
Unfortunately, this temple was looted and plundered by the Persian King Darius or his son and successor Xerxes in 494 BC. According to legend, the spring, considered sacred, dried up until Alexander the Great went on his Eastern Campaign in 331 BC and restored the sanctity of the temple. It is not surprising that the first person whose name is mentioned in the records of the re-functional oracle center is the young Macedonian king.
Despite the restoration of the Temple of Apollo, Miletos refused to financially support Alexander the Great's expedition, and the city was faced with huge taxation sanctions that it would suffer for decades. Finally, when Miletus began to recover, almost 30 years after Alexander the Great's campaign, the city's inhabitants set about building a new temple in the vicinity of the sacred spring. This temple is the third and largest temple of Didyma Temple of Apollo, which has survived to the present day.
As is seen in many ancient temples designed on such enormous scales, the construction of the temple of Apollo took centuries and the structure was never completed. Even in the 4th century BC, the temple's pediment, cornice, sculptural decorations and even a few majestic columns remained unfinished. Despite all these shortcomings, the temple must still have a magnificent appearance, and even though centuries have passed, it is still dazzling for today's visitors.
The Miletians designed Didymaion to compete with the Ephesus Temple of Artemis, located in the vicinity, which is the largest temple revealed by the ancient civilization and is considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Didim Temple of Apollo and Ephesus Temple of Artemis, both temples were twice as large as the Parthenon in Athens. Like the Temple of Artemis, this temple gave the impression of a modest but majestic ancient temple when viewed from the outside. The building covered an area of 5500 m2 with its wide platform. On this elevated platform, there were 122 giant columns, each with a diameter of 2.5 meters, covering the entire structure and supporting the decorated ceiling. Even in its partially completed state, the height of the walls of the temple from the ground was 28 m.
The interior of the building, whose exterior resembled a typical ancient temple, was very original. The inner circle, known as the adyton, was built directly above the platform in traditional temples. However, since Didymaion was built around a water source, the adyton floor had to be at ground level. Thereupon, Didymaion architects came up with an ingenious solution and built long, narrow and vaulted tunnels, each 21 m long and 1 m wide, from the top of the temple to the grassy floor of the adyton at the bottom.
This cleverly planned hollow design allowed the Milesians to both build a traditional-looking structure that competed with the Temple of Artemis and to protect the sacred source that they believed had the power of prophecy for centuries. Moreover, although it appeared to be completely covered with a roof from the outside, the top of the Temple of Apollo was completely open. This architectural feature allowed temple officials to grow a grove of sacred trees on the adyton floor. This area, with its water source and surrounding grove, hosted a smaller temple, the naiskos, which also contained the cult statue of Apollo.
In a period when religion and state affairs could not be considered separately from each other, the Didim Temple of Apollo played a critical role in the political and religious life of the city of Miletus.
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