How Far Away Is It - 15 - Colliding Galaxies (4K)
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In this segment of our “How far away is it” video book, we cover interacting or colliding galaxies.
We describe what it means for galaxies to collide given the great distances between stars within each galaxy. We then take a look at some of the interacting galaxies photographed by the Hubble Telescope. These include: The Antennae Galaxies, The Mice, NGC 2207 with IC 2163; Apr 256; ESO 576-69; APR 142; NGC 6240; the Tadpole Galaxy; UCG 1810 with UCG 1813; the spectacular APR 147; NGC 454; South America Galaxy; and ZW II 28.
We spend some time on peculiar galaxy NGC 7603 with its multiple red-shift objects that challenge well accepted theories on Dark Matter and Cosmology.
Next, we discuss how we go about seeing a process that takes a billion years by observing interactions at various stages along the process as understood by computer simulations. Here we show a few that illustrate the phases of an interaction: the initial approach with NGC 6786 and LEDA 62867; first contact with VV 304A and VV 304B; penetration with Mayall’s Object; out the other side with ESO 77-14; wrap around with VV 705; and merge with The Owl.
We end with another simulation. This time it’s the collision between Andromeda and the Milky Way.
Music:
@00:00 Vangelis - “Heaven and Hell” “3rd Movement” - Vangelis' "3rd Movement" on his 1975 album "Heaven and Hell" was chosen by Carl Sagan as the theme for his wonderful 'Cosmos' series.
@07:56 Vangelis - “Conquest of Paradise” - Vangelis released this song in 1992. It was the theme for the movie "1492 Conquest of Paradise"]
@17:28 Beethoven - Piano Concerto No. 3, Largo - Anton Dikov, from the album “Meditation: Classical relaxation” 2010
Mr. David you have become a cherished teacher to me. Respect
Thank you for your videos!
As a boy, my dad moved us around to mostly rural areas. One place we lived was Micronesia and back in the 80’s, there wasn’t a strong, reliable power system. This meant there were many days with the lights were out. So on a new moon night, the stars were magnificent!!!! Zero light pollution leant to seeing the brilliancy of the Milky Way with the naked eye!
I would go outside and spend hours just being blown away at what I was seeing. I also was reading Arthur C Clarke so my interest, and imagination, in what I was witnessing was at peak levels. My eye sight at that was better than average and that helped the spectacle.
I’m now in my late 40’s and after a lifetime of diabetes, I can not see as well as I use to. It’s actually the most depressing thing to me...however, your videos take me back to that time! And since then, of course, Hubble has shown so much more than I could have even imagine!
Again, thank you for these videos! It’s truly amazing to be alive at this time as we discovery more and more of our cosmos. (Can’t wait for James Webb to go up!)
I know there’s been complaints about the music that cause ads to pop up. I enjoy it and hope you don’t change to appease others. There are also people creeping onto your videos that feel like they know more than the scientists, engineers and students that study this. I’d understand if you turn off comments because it’s annoying we have regressed to that type of dialogue. But I digress...
Cheers!
Thanks for your kind words. I never saw the night sky the way you did. It must have been fantastic.
I'll keep the music. (I have a music free version for those who don't want music.) I'll keep comments open forever. I just delete the trolls.
@@howfarawayisit Thank You David!!
I believe i know what you are talking about the experience in Micronesia.I remember as a kid in the 60's,me and my friends were often out late at night skiing .Living at the countryside in Finland,we had no light pollution at all,an the wiew was amazing..Milky way at it's brightest!I newer forget that..
@@howfarawayisit thank you. it means a lot to people to be able to interact via the comment section. i'm often guilty of typing regrettable nonsense but i rarely mean to be mean and even if others do, it would be a tremendous shame if that deprived people of enjoying one of the most distinct advantages platforms like youtube have over traditional media.
am a similar age as yourself. i wish i had a teacher such as yourself way back then ... i would of taken another career path!
Make it the two of us
well, we kinda do, we're here watching now ain't we?!...:D
Hands down. One of the most humble voice I have ever heard on youtube. His voice makes this video even more beautiful.
I would describe it as calm, yet authoritative, at a cadence conducive for teaching. I agree though, best youtube vocals ever.
I can't be the only one who watches these videos while tripping ballz!! Much respect to sir David for providing us excellent content with great visuals plus knowledge
I can't be the only one who thinks these videos are so mind blowing that there's no way to fully appreciate them if mentally impaired in any way.
All these collisions, and you just KNOW none of them have any insurance.
Especially that hit and run galaxy leaving the scene of the accident
They might though
It is very difficult not to like this whole video series.
Enjoyed every minute.
Thank you for all your efforts (and beautiful background music)
Best videos on the subject on the internet.
If something's binge-watch worthy, this series proved to be such.
Your channel is so peaceful and full of knowledge. I really loved the force field videos.
I agree. He was definitely inspired by Carl Sagan. I could listen to both of them for hours.
I watch this every night, focusing on certain things each night
I love every aspect of you Mr butler . Much respect
This is truly spectacular. The vastness of space, the beauty of interstellar objects, the mind boggling distances... Our earthly and petty human interactions pale when you consider the big picture.
Thank you so much for your brilliant video documentaries.
Most underrated educational CZcamsr
The tone of you're voice is absolutely perfect! You should be on mainstream media.
Me. Butler I am so thankful to watch your videos and how you talk and teach us..please keep healthy and keep making these videos for years and decades to come. I am also sharing them to my young children.
Thank you so much for all your hard work. I have learned so much!
tnx Mr. Butler
A billion year long collision with a trillion stars, and few if any will ever collide. My mind is blown. All these galaxies look like living things suspended in water under a microscope.
The cosmic scale of anything is extremely difficult, if not impossible for human intelligence to comprehend.
CORZER0 the thing that intrigues me the most, is that we can actually see these fantastically distant, distant events. As an ex scuba diver, you greatly appreciate water clarity, but this.......
Thank you for your amazing commitment to keeping us interested in the cosmos best wishes from New Zealand
This is one of my favorite episodes. I have watched it a dozen times and I've learned so much from your series. Thank you, I will be watching it again tonight and many more times after that.
Mesmerising
I put your videos on and peacefully go to sleep. Thank you for the great content
Mr Butler u r a Great teacher;when I consider the distance between galaxy's it's just mind blowing;and that's just what we can c of the universe;thank u so much for ur research;respect 2 u sir;
Mr Butler has made an appearance. What a pleasure to see ya. Thanks always for your valuable time.
Hubble is incredible, but I can't wait for the James Webb Space Telescope to get up there. It passed an environmental test recently; almost there!
I remember first meeting the Milky Way, I went pretty high up a mountain in Western Washington State. Practically no light pollution way out there. So awesome you can see the colors and dust with the naked eye!
The vastness of the observable Universe is difficult to fathom, Thank You Mr.Butler. 👍🌌
This is probably the 5th or sixth video I watched from you I'm really glad I found the channel. I'm only upset I didn't find it sooner, because I find it extremely informative and very easy to follow. A lot of times people use so many scientific specific nomenclature and these words that are so esoteric to regular people that it makes it more difficult to understand the overall things that you're trying to inform us about. This channel however is extremely easy to follow and the graphics are great because they're not just a bunch of CGI artist illustrated pictures they're the real thing that we're seeing in the sky and I value that a lot
Thank you for making these videos Doctor. The format is informative and relaxing.
Yesssss i been waiting for this! Thank you! ❤️
I love your videos, Mr. Butler. You’re videos are among one of the best I’ve seen on YT in over a decade.
I have been watching your videos for a number of years now.
Thanks for the wonderful content.
Love and Peace from South Africa.
I loved watching your video on your other channel where you attempted in vain to deter the two squirrels from getting into the bird feeder. It was pretty hilarious at times! Thoroughly enjoy your work!
Thank you so much.
I was waiting impatiently the universe as a whole part.
But i'm pretty happy you added the galaxy collisions part.
Take care, much love. ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Great video Mr. Butler, thanks for the continued amazing content over the last 3 years i've been watching, can't wait for the next one.
I'm always grateful for your fantastic videos. Particularly so this time as I've had a snippet of Vangelis' 'Conquest of Paradise' going round my head for days and hadn't been able to identify it until now!
Nice choice of music from the original Cosmos series. Love your channel.
The best videos on CZcams, no doubt. Can watch these videos for hours. ❤️
Somehow i feel so peacefull and at ease watching the galaxies and star you presented, it keep amaze me all the time, thank you Mr. Butler for your hard work and dedication to this channel, looking forward to the next episode 👍, GBU 🙏
You really do a beautiful job presenting the material. I can't do the math, but thanks to you I do roughly understand what's calculated to reach a given conclusion. Many books/shows are either too simplified or too complicated. Your work is in the goldilocks zone. Comprehensive and comprehendible. Thank you.
I wish we could have one of these long form videos every month ❤❤❤
Long time subscriber and watcher.
Adore your videos and adore the music included and credits for the music so I can check it out in between.
I appreciate you and your team and can tell that this channel is a passion of yours.
thank you for this film, on this most incredible subject, your narration is both informative and accurate, the use of hibble images stunning views of the Cosmos, and the use of Carl Sagans Cosmos brought to me memories of this as I loved him his incredible knowledge of Space evolution and life
your videos, and I have watched thousands, are just outstanding. Too bad you don't get paid for these well researched and visually awesome videos. Thank you for what you do.
Thank you so much for this work of art! Astronomy is definitely the most beautiful of sciences.
Amazing video. Mind blown once again. Thanks, David.
Beautiful. Love these videos. Thanks for making them
Love listening these to go to sleep to. Thank you, Mr. Butler
I love new knowledge and this is well appreciated.
you learn more of youtube than you do at school , nice easy pace , thank you for this , helps out a lot
beyond it all, I love! your exposition and pronunciation ❤
Excellent Dave. Thanks.
WONDERFUL PRESENTATION!!!! :) and beautiful, I mean beautiful, animations and photos. 🙌🏿
Mr. David , it’s a very good information ! Thanks for the video !!
Good knowledge good explanation. Good luck Mr Butler. Greetings from central Europe.
What I wouldn't give just to have lunch and a conversation with such a brilliant guy. I love the music by the way, reminds me of Carl Sagan
KEEP THEM COMING!
Wonderous, astonishing, beautiful.... the scope of it all... great video.... .. but I was waiting for M51 which is a revered image I use as screen background...
DOPE! love the graphics 👍
This legend, deserves a whole lot more thn 170k subs ... great vids !
I love watching the computer simulations and photographs that were shown here.
Awesome educational video.
Thank you David!
I put this one on as audio as I lay in bed, slightly ..inspired, and I must say, I giggled when you described the penguin, and then was awestruck at the poetic beauty of " ...These disrupted arms now shape the cosmic bird's body as bright streaks of blue and red accross the image"
As a songwriter most often inspired by the cosmos and existential wonderment, I would be very proud to have thought of those words.
This is really great content
just amazing!
Thanks sir... uploading important vedio
Thank you for remaking this. Your yearly video log updates were splendid, but THIS seems more whole.
By the way, NGC 1512 looks like it would have eventually become something like Hoag's Object, if left alone. I am a strong proponent that spirals, perhaps barred spirals only (unless spirals would naturally become barred, over time), would naturally become HO's, if left to their own devices.
As much, what the Hell IS that pink thing in Arp 147? It looks like a perfected HO! The pink thing looks like it shouldn't even exist.
It's great to hear Carl Sagan's Cosmos music in the background 🥰
Dont forget, everything we've been show here in this video no longer is the same..we are looking into the past from millions of years ago!
David's channel should be made into a TV series.
I just would like to tell you how I, as a visual person got a lot of help of knowing how Galaxies colide, emerge, travel through one another with the visuals you showed. You, by putting up the computer modles and the real thing just after. Let me see how it works. I try to read Astronomy Mag and Dr. Becky books. I love the learning. And please keep it up.
What a legend
nice content.. I love discovering more
Thank you💖
Stunning distances. I struggle to get my head around it. The human race will have existed in a millisecond in space time. Come and gone in an instant and we spend our time fighting and arguing. God?........don't pull my leg.
I've seen those dust lanes of M31 right at the eyepiece of my 250 mm reflector. Photos are beautiful, but when you're looking at a galaxy from inside our own galaxy, live and in real time, your own eyes seeing actual galactic light, it's quite an experience.
That shot of "UGC 1810" The rose. Gave me the same bolt of electricity as I normally get from observing Floor Jansen, Catlin De Ville or Lana Del Rey. Wow!!!
Sir you need a billion subscribers !! Pity the current gen is lost in TikTok
I always like your videos. Very informative and high level of knowledge what we got. I have very small request to you sir. Please release your videos with the english subtitles which will really help me to understand .. 😊 thank you 👍
So, Halton Arp still is relevant! Finally! Can you speculate on Centaurus A?
Hi David, thanks for another amazing presentation. could the merging of the two galaxies lead to 1,000's of star collisions that could create hypernovae?
As distances between stars can be so vast (with respect to stars' sizes), the probability of collision of a star with another during merger of galaxies is very very less (like 1 in a million, relatively higher near galactic core). In the rare case of a star collision, either merger to form bigger star or breaking apart into hydrogen and helium (+other elements) of the stars occurs.
There is almost nil possibility of a hypernova. Hypernova occurrences are not collision/disturbance but due to gravity overpowering other forces leading to collapse(for example when the star runs out of fuel, causing fusion creating heavier elements which stops soon by the time iron forms). Collision does not cause gravity overpowering any core forces, on the contrary destabilizing impact causes shear and the stars could fall apart if the collision occurs at speeds higher than what would allow star merged into bigger star
@@userx694 I read elsewhere it is possible and with billions of stars in each galaxy, 1 in a million chance of collision doesn't seem so much. I just wanted David to shed some light on it. Thanks for your input :)
Hi Dean, I have the same question about stars colliding when galaxies merge. I get that stars in the outer arms of a galaxy are far apart (4 light years from our sun to Proxima Centauri). However, in the How far away is it video series covering the Milky Way (video #10) David Butler said the stars at the centre of the MW are densely packed, thousands of stars within a radius of 1 light year. So if the centre of MW hit the centre of Andromeda , there would be real fireworks! I’m excited to see what images JWST will capture
We are so very fortunate to live in this time of technological advancement bringing us new discoveries so frequently.
We can all be thankful to have David Butler with his vast knowledge, beautiful images and best of articulate narration
Amazing, what about quasars?
The night skys must be amazing on planets in these galaxies. So much to look at.
It's also amazing on THIS planet 🤩
Thanks sir
NGC 7603 may very well bring about a "Paradigm Shift" someday. As they say,"Anomalies make man think,thinking makes man wise,and wisdom makes life endurable."
Nice
Any comparision between the images taken by hubble of the same spot between these 20+ years and the difference in the shapes of galaxies or the location of stars?
Im reading a 1966 book called "Worlds Antiworlds" about matter and anti matter in our universe and cant help but think if some of the galaxy mergers are matter and antimatter with their corresponding magnetic field interactions, radio emissions. Have these interactions between galaxies been analyzed for such collisions of antimatter and matter?
Paying my mortgage is a lot more important than Andromeda.
Will your mortgage be paid when the collision ends ?
@@desiderata8811 lol probably not..and since propoerty taxes are forever it will never be paid for
@@vanscoyoc just shows how fickle life is. God is laughing at us killing ourselves for an illustrative dream
8:15 those 2 galaxies look like an owl🦉 face.
That little nod to Cosmos with the Vangelis. Wonderful.
Thanks for a interesting video.It's easy to understand that the stars woun't collide,due to the great distances.But what about planetary systems orbiting the stars?Earth will obviously not exist at the time,but what about other planets?Will the tidal forces of the other galaxy move or throw planets away from the orbits?
I kinda feel bad when it comes to the night sky. I live in rural Australia, so it's very dark at night here, so dark I can just walk outside my house, let my eyes adjust and see the full Milkyway and large and small magellanic clouds with the naked eye as well as seeing Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn very clearly almost every night. I just wish I had a good camera to do photos of what I see outside my front door at night.
@David Butler - Thank you for this amazing video. Why do you often use the term "tidal forces" instead of "gravitational forces"? Please explain the difference.
It's the same thing, it's a way to remind everyone, I guess.
They are the same thing. We saw tidal forces at work long before we discovered gravity. I think that is why we have two names.
Tidal forces are a peculiar way of gravitational interaction, their intensity is driven not only by the intensity of the gravity interaction but by gravity gradient(how much vary the force in a specific distance) , for example sun exercise 170 times bigger gravity force than the moon about earth but its tidal force apply to the earth is less than half of the moon(moon is much closer its gravity gradient is 400 time higher).
@@theOrionsarms See that? I knew there is a difference.... even if I can barely understand it.
In science, sometimes it's not about those with all the answers, but those who ask the right questions.
David, I've heard on another YT video that there is already a star forming region halfway between Milky Way and Andromeda. If so, it's likely the two galaxies are already colliding. I've not been able to find an original source for this info though. What do you know?
Question sir✍️
If Big Bang was reason ,made all galaxies , how it is possible any 2 galaxies heading toward each other ... if source was one ( Big Bang) direction can’t be change their course, then how is it possible 2 galaxies heading toward each other
Holy Toledo Batman!!!!! Our galaxies are gonna collide. Everybody run!!!!!!!
7000 miles b/ two entities and no significant gravitational influence. Smh. Amazing.
7603/b colliding galaxies that put into question the expansion on the universe and the big bang theory. Covered in 2 mins. Moving on.