This is an outstanding introduction to and overview of the subject. None of this information existed when I entered medical school 58 years ago! Video clips like these are transforming education, and notably medical education. I am a great fan of the Khan Academy, but your talk is much better that theirs (MHO, obviously).
Oh my god! I have been having a hard time to understand! This instructor is amazing, he explain very clear and easy to understand ! Very Sophisticated!
you are a GENIUS Andrey seriously ! English is not even my mother tongue( i'm studying in Paris) but you make everything so clear and concise , i passed my biochem class thanks to you during the first semester and now you are helping me with physio and biology , thanks you so much for the effort and work that you put in all theses videos I'm more then grateful ! Wish you all the best .
Thanks for the great videos. I like how they are broken down into sections because it makes it easier to just watch the parts you don't fully understand.
your lecture videos are always 100 simplified ,easy to understand and amazing.I have been watching videos on you tube but i have never seen anyone close to the standard of your videos.your videos have been really helpful.Thank you for a Job well done
I can never thank u enough for this great vd. U made it so easy . U are my saver every single time . I know I can find any thing that I want in ur channel. Thank u sir From algeria
i have never understand this lesson befor >>thanks to your lecture you made it easier for me to understand well ..thank you very much ...god bless you ^_^
Thank you for this video, i just want to ask you about the Treg (regulatory) you didn't spoke about it in this video, can you please explain more about this generation of T cells, I would lik to understand more about that especially when we have an HIV infection! thank you.
Thanks for information. Just wondering, if the original antigen presenting cell e.g. macrophage has ingested a bacteria and presents this bacterial antigen to activate a helper T cell, which then combines with an similarly bacterial presenting B lymphocyte leading to the eventual production of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cell, how would this cytotoxic T cell that binds to antigens on a MCH class 1 infected cells eg. from a virus, have acquired the specificity for a virus?
It's so nice to finally find someone who explains difficult subjects the way I understand them! But I'm just a bit puzzled about the APC (in this case a macrophage), but at my university they say the Dendritic Cells (DCs) present the proteins and mediate between the helper T-cells and the Cytotoxic T-cells. Can I just 'replace' Macrophage with Dendritic Cells, or is that a whole other story?
First of all this is so nice explanation😍😍bt i have 1 doubt. Does only activated T helper cells can interact with B cells?? Inactivated T helpers always need to interact with macrophage first??
Just amazing. thanks, you really helped me alot. But I was just wondering if you could share the notes at which you're illustrating so that I could print them?
+Amira Shaban Thats a work in progress, i hope to have that on my website site eventually. unfortunately, that requires times and funds and those are hard to come around nowadays.
Question: How do the B lymphocytes after Step 5 already have something bound to the MHC II complex? In other words, where do those ligands come from? Are they from the current infection or from previous interaction with a similar infection?
because b cell already engulf the same pathogen . and those pathogen already break down into peptide and it then display on mhc class 2 on its surface.
I thought we learn in class that dendritic cells are the innate immune cells that bridge the adaptive in which they present MHCII with antigen to T cells? This is why I was confused as to why there are 2 other APCs when we get told in class dendritic cells are the cells that travel to lymph to activate T cells
How are you able to retain very vast knowledge of information? I'm just a normal person. But how can I be like you? I want to become as efficient as you.
I have a doubt - I understood the part where the macrophage breaks the bacteria and removes the antigen from the bacteria onto its surface, but where does the b-lymphocyte get its antigen from - when did it interact with the pathogen?
Neutrophils release their antigens into the tissues. From there, the antigens migrate to the lymph nodes where they meet the B-cell with the correct B-cell receptor.
i am not sure if this is what you mean but yes according to my knowledge as soon as the t-cell is activated it can divide multiply and differentiate into different cells, including cytotoxic t-cell the t cell once activated can divide to form different t-cells including more helper t-cells that release ILK-2 to stimulate other t-cells and ILK-4 which stimulate the proliferation of other b-cell. some also become memory t-cells some also become suppresser t-cells. also cytotoxic t-cells.
I have many questionsn for this topic. For example, why the B-leucocythes have the bacterial antigen at the time the T-Helper Leucocytes binds the B-leucocythes....
If only 10% of teachers and professors around the globe were as clear and amazing at teaching as you are the word would be a better place.
This is an outstanding introduction to and overview of the subject. None of this information existed when I entered medical school 58 years ago! Video clips like these are transforming education, and notably medical education. I am a great fan of the Khan Academy, but your talk is much better that theirs (MHO, obviously).
Thanks Dana! Wow - 58 years ago! Medical school must have been so different back then :)
Thanks AK lectures your videos are great
he is the best..
He is awesome! Many helpful videos.
Agree on all points.
Oh my god! I have been having a hard time to understand! This instructor is amazing, he explain very clear and easy to understand ! Very Sophisticated!
This was great, and tied some loose ends together. Thank you, I hope you continue to build on your work here!
God ! Finally I understood this ! Tomorrow I'll make a presentation about immune system
This helped me alot 🖤
Thank u !
This was explained very clearly. Usually I have to stop and play back on such subject matter and this just went right in. Thank you!
Splendid as always! :) 5:00 for clear picture
you are a GENIUS Andrey seriously ! English is not even my mother tongue( i'm studying in Paris) but you make everything so clear and concise , i passed my biochem class thanks to you during the first semester and now you are helping me with physio and biology , thanks you so much for the effort and work that you put in all theses videos I'm more then grateful ! Wish you all the best .
This is everything I wanted to know. I got my many doubts cleared from this single video.. you are a good teacher
Thanks for the great videos. I like how they are broken down into sections because it makes it easier to just watch the parts you don't fully understand.
your lecture videos are always 100 simplified ,easy to understand and amazing.I have been watching videos on you tube but i have never seen anyone close to the standard of your videos.your videos have been really helpful.Thank you for a Job well done
You are a real asset for all of us ! Thank you one million times
Thank you so much, you're better than my teacher that has been teaching me for a year !
when you finally understand you want to cry ❤
I can never thank u enough for this great vd. U made it so easy . U are my saver every single time . I know I can find any thing that I want in ur channel. Thank u sir
From algeria
Really you are amazing and deserves Noble Prize
Amazing, all in one breath!!
Wow! Incredible! Great job!
You’re the best here on CZcams ❤️
You explain this better then some of the doctors on CZcams.
Great introduction. Thanks a lot !!
Wow. Good job. That was a great video.
Such a great video! Thank you :)
جدا شكرا جزيلا 💙💙💙💙
Alot of love sir ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
I'm grateful to you you made the subject much more easier
One word: PERFECT!
Excellent teacher!! Thanks!!
i have never understand this lesson befor >>thanks to your lecture you made it easier for me to understand well ..thank you very much ...god bless you ^_^
Very nice and simple lecture. Thank you.
You are just amazing💯👍🏼, you explained so perfecrtly👍🏼 , Thank u very much!!
"what that means is" love it when he says that
or "in just a moment" hahah
You saved my life bro
thank you.......really thank you so much ,this video helped me alot
Thank you for this video, i just want to ask you about the Treg (regulatory) you didn't spoke about it in this video, can you please explain more about this generation of T cells, I would lik to understand more about that especially when we have an HIV infection! thank you.
3 hours for our lecturer to explain this. and i didnt even understand it. Thank you.
Wow, you explained a GOD question
That's very amazing think you doctor💜💜
Thank u so so much! U are doing great!! Please keep going! : )
this is just too good thannk you 😌
Thanks for information. Just wondering, if the original antigen presenting cell e.g. macrophage has ingested a bacteria and presents this bacterial antigen to activate a helper T cell, which then combines with an similarly bacterial presenting B lymphocyte leading to the eventual production of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cell, how would this cytotoxic T cell that binds to antigens on a MCH class 1 infected cells eg. from a virus, have acquired the specificity for a virus?
With your video, I can have complete understand about immune system defences
best video ever
thank you so much AK
It's so nice to finally find someone who explains difficult subjects the way I understand them! But I'm just a bit puzzled about the APC (in this case a macrophage), but at my university they say the Dendritic Cells (DCs) present the proteins and mediate between the helper T-cells and the Cytotoxic T-cells. Can I just 'replace' Macrophage with Dendritic Cells, or is that a whole other story?
Dendritic cells found in the tissues of the skin, lungs and GI tract. Interchangeable in examples but I'd like to think it is question dependant.
Fantastic 👍🏽😀😀thx
Very nice, thank you very much
Great video thnk u
Just soooooo helpful
Thanks a lot.
First of all this is so nice explanation😍😍bt i have 1 doubt. Does only activated T helper cells can interact with B cells?? Inactivated T helpers always need to interact with macrophage first??
Thank you very much sir, God bless you sir 🙏.
You're great
Thank You !!!
Thank you so much 🙏🙏🙏
Thanks so much for this video! You made it very clear and insightful! #microbiologyexam4istoday
Helpfull thank you very mush
Just amazing. thanks, you really helped me alot. But I was just wondering if you could share the notes at which you're illustrating so that I could print them?
+Amira Shaban Thats a work in progress, i hope to have that on my website site eventually. unfortunately, that requires times and funds and those are hard to come around nowadays.
Oh alright. Really waiting for this website. Thanks so much anyways :).
So basically B cells do the same thing as macrophages (first part) i.e. engulf breakdown and present antigens.?
thank you so much
wow, thanks alot
Question: How do the B lymphocytes after Step 5 already have something bound to the MHC II complex? In other words, where do those ligands come from? Are they from the current infection or from previous interaction with a similar infection?
if anyone knows, please answer!
because b cell already engulf the same pathogen . and those pathogen already break down into peptide and it then display on mhc class 2 on its surface.
Thanks alot
nice video , but i was curious about what is exactly effector cell and blast cell. ? anyone know ?
Can plz someone help my out
Is'nt Macrophage with MHC type 2 attaches with the b lymphocytes rather than t helper cell
I love it
I thought we learn in class that dendritic cells are the innate immune cells that bridge the adaptive in which they present MHCII with antigen to T cells? This is why I was confused as to why there are 2 other APCs when we get told in class dendritic cells are the cells that travel to lymph to activate T cells
Antigen presenting cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells.
One thing is not clear how lymphocytes B MHC II WICH IS STILL INACTIVE bind to the antigen which is colored in red ?
great
How are you able to retain very vast knowledge of information? I'm just a normal person. But how can I be like you? I want to become as efficient as you.
I have a doubt - I understood the part where the macrophage breaks the bacteria and removes the antigen from the bacteria onto its surface, but where does the b-lymphocyte get its antigen from - when did it interact with the pathogen?
Neutrophils release their antigens into the tissues. From there, the antigens migrate to the lymph nodes where they meet the B-cell with the correct B-cell receptor.
love it love all of them will be recommending!
Does an HIV hometest kit contain antigens that can infect a person?
Do helper Tcell possess ability to produce cytotoxic the cell directly..
2 . what is the function of T cell rather than producing cytotoxic t cell?
i am not sure if this is what you mean but yes according to my knowledge as soon as the t-cell is activated it can divide multiply and differentiate into different cells, including cytotoxic t-cell
the t cell once activated can divide to form different t-cells including more helper t-cells that release ILK-2 to stimulate other t-cells and ILK-4 which stimulate the proliferation of other b-cell. some also become memory t-cells some also become suppresser t-cells. also cytotoxic t-cells.
Thank.you.very.much.sir.
I have many questionsn for this topic. For example, why the B-leucocythes have the bacterial antigen at the time the T-Helper Leucocytes binds the B-leucocythes....
B lymphocytes have receptors that will bind the antigen floating in body that released by pathogen.
is he saying Lucozade or Lymphocyte?
no captions available ??? i am DEAF
Hehe simplified!! 😂😂😂
Lysozyme and not lysosome
activa los subtítulos bro
In hindi