DecafQuest #26 - Ahmad Al-Jallad | ديكاف كويست
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- čas přidán 4. 06. 2020
- Dr. Ahmad Al-Jallad is a philologist, epigraphist, and historian of language. His work focuses on the languages and writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia and the ancient Near East. He has authored books and articles on the early history of Arabic, language classification, North Arabian and Arabic epigraphy, and historical Semitic linguistics.
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Twitter: / safaitic
Personal website: leidenuniv.academia.edu/Ahmad...
Recently published book (The Damascus Psalm Fragment, available in pdf format): www.academia.edu/43189829/Al-...
To purchase a hardcopy: www.isdistribution.com/BookDe...
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This is very interesting.
I like people like dr Ahmad are looking at history with a different view
I feel enlightened after watching the entire video
thank you
Huge admirer of Si Aħmed! Fascinating interview. I'm going to put his challenge (translate a work from turaŧ to dærja) to my followers and hope a few of them take the bait... as soon as they're less engrossed with the 'coup-not-coup' in Tunisia.
This is fascinating! I would refuse to go down the route of having 'modern standard Arabic' imposed on me though...As a Jordanian I would hate to lose my local language which is a mixture of Arabic, pure Syriac Aramaic phrases and words and some Palestinian Aramaic words. Why would I give up that part of my history?!
Jordanian Arabic is not a mixture. It's a dialect of Arabic, and it has no notable Syriac vocabulary, let alone phrases.
@@GOODdeels Of course it does, Palestinians have had a lot of influence on Jordanian and they are not only Bedouin.
@@stevenv6463 what does Palestinian have anything to do with what I'm saying?
@@GOODdeels Palestinian Arabic is southern Levantine, Syrian and Lebanese Arabic are northern Levantine. Jordanian was a lot of Bedouin Arabic but many Palestinians moved to Jordan making the dialect a mix of Palestinian (southern Levantine) and Bedouin dialects (original Jordanian Arabic).
@@stevenv6463
Levantine dialects are to diverse and varied to be categorised this broadly, imo. Jordan has a large and withstanding urban population. Palestine has a bigger bedouin population, in fact. And Syria is home to a large spectrum of dialects that are not wildly interchangeable or even Levantine! As some who live in the Eastern side of the country speak a Mesopotamian variety of Arabic. That's all to say that Arabic dialects are so rich and beautiful but sadly underrepresented in media.
Watching it for the 3rd time within 24 hours
Absolutely fantastic information.
Thank you for your work.
let's talk religion brought me here
Same
ليش ما نفترض انه حتى بهذيك الفترة كانو مثل هاي الفترة: هناك لغة محكية و هناك لغة للكتب الرسمية، و أحيانا بعض الناس يحكو بخليط من اللغتين مثل ما افعل في هذا التعليق
و هذا نلاحظوا مثلا في البرامج التلفزيونية اللي تستضيف مثقفين بس بيوجهو كلامهم لعامة الناس،
تعبير مثل «فلذلك» حتى الآن ممكن يستخدم كثيراً في الحوارات اللتي تتسم بطابع ثقافي بين الناس في العراق مثلا، مع انها لا تستخدم في الجوانب الاخرى من الحياة اليومية.
agreed 100%
احتمال وارد، ولكن مثل أي ادعاء لابد من أن يستند على أدلة قوية، لا سيما وأن الافتراضات التي ينطلق منها الألسنيون لدراسة العربية لا تفترض أن العربية بطبعها متميزة عن غيرها من اللغات، بل يطرأ عليها ما يطرأ على غيرها. وفي الألسنيات الاجتماعية يوجد مفهومان يساعدان على تفسير الظاهرة التي تتحدث عنها، ما يسمى بالسجل اللغوي والتناوب اللغوي، فإذا استطعنا أن نثبت أن كاتباً ما استخدم سجلين للتعبير عن نفسه (وهذا الرأي مطروح عند الحديث عن "لغة الشعراء") فعندها نستطيع الحديث عن وجود لغة محكية وأخرى رسمية. طبعاً لو صحت هذه الفرضية فلابد أن نتساءل: لماذا يتحدث الناس بطريقتين علماً أن مركزية الدولة ومأسسة التعليم وجمود النص القرآني (بمعنى أن رسمه ونطقه لم يتغيرا بشكلٍ جذري) هي ظواهر ساهمت في هذه الإزدواجية ولكنها شبه معدومة أو غير مثبتة قبل عصر ما قبل الحداثة؟
تعديل: في الدقيقة 8:42 إلى 13:25 تجد الجلاد يجاوب على تساؤلك
Is the "Nabatean" poetry any help in reconstructing older forms of Arabic? I mean the nabti poetry that has no direct relation with the ancient Nabateans.
Very interesting.
where's Ahmad Aljallad original from?
His father was from الكويت, but moved to USA.
Can you please give an example of such a Phoenician sentence?
There are words and names known from Punic, the language of Carthage. This was a later dialect of Phoenician.
The Punic name for the city Carthage was "qart hadasht", which meant "new city". These are cognate with Arabic "qaryah" and "hadīth".
We have names such as Hannibal, i.e. "Channī Ba3al", "Baal is my mercy", or "Baal is merciful to me". Or the god "Milqart", i.e "milk qart", "king of the city".
The following text is supposedly from a funeral inscription in Phoenician:
ʾanīk(ī) Tabnīt kōhēn ʿAštart mīlk Ṣīdūnīm bīn
ʾEšmūnʿūzēr kōhēn ʿAštart mīlk Ṣīdūnīm šūkēb bāʾarūn ze(h)
mī ʾata kūl ʾadōm ʾīš tūpaq ʾīyat hāʾarūn ze
ʾal ʾal tīptaḥ ʿalōtīya waʾal targīzenī
kī ʾīy ʾarū[ ]lanī kesep waʾal ʾīy ʾarū lanī ḥūreṣ wakūl manīm mašōd
būltī ʾanīk(ī) šūkēb bāʾarūn ze
ʾal ʾal tīptaḥ ʿalōtīya waʾal targīzenī
kī tōʿebūt ʿAštart hadōbōr hīʾa
wāʾīm pōtōḥ tīptaḥ ʿalōtīya waragōz targīzenī
ʾal yakūn zeraʿ baḥayīm taḥat šamš
wamīškōb ʾet Repaʾīm.
Translation:
"I, Tabnit, priest of Ashtarte, king of Sidon, the son
of Eshmunazar, priest of Astarte, king of Sidon, am lying in this sarcophagus.
Whoever you are, any man that might find this sarcophagus,
don't, don't open it and don't disturb me,
for no silver is gathered with me, no gold is gathered with me, nor anything of value whatsoever,
only I am lying in this sarcophagus.
Don't, don't open it and don't disturb me,
for this thing is an abomination to Astarte.
And if you do indeed open it and do indeed disturb me,
may you not have any seed among the living under the sun,
nor a resting-place with the Rephaites."
@@Ebionarius Thanks a lot 👍
Great investigator Ahmed but always forgets to mention DATES, dates, dates!!
1:33:00 I tried once to read books by Farabi and Ibn Sina and I had to struggle so much to understand what they are trying to say. I literally had to read very slowly and take notes.
That depends on your Arabic education more or less! am Jordanian and I've recently read and heard the audio versions of Ahmed Ibn Fadhlan's travels to the "land of darkness" written in 9th century Arabic (which i recommend! and he mentions the first record of the Vikings) I understood almost everything except for few vocab, which is very normal considering how old this book is, unlike less than 100 years old english poems which I counldn't even comprehend.
These books are complex philosophical books with niche vocabulary. Of course you’ll find difficulty. Even if you pick up a modern philosophical Arabic book you’ll find the same difficulties if you’re not educated in the field.
If I3rab is absent before and after Islam? Where did it come from?
@@agadirand4four347 إعراب
@@agadirand4four347 I3rab: linguistic feature of Standard Arabic where the ending of the word is pronounced differently based on its function in the sentance
I'rab wasn't completely absent before Islam. It would have existed in Proto-Arabic, and by the 7th century, it survived in the qasida tradition, as well as in certain dialects of Arabic (perhaps in places like the Najd, since it survives in Najdi Arabic to this day).
@@hamzzaahmed1794 My question was addressed to Dr Al Jallad. I think he claimed in the video that there is no evidence of I3rab in spoken Arabic before or after Islam, and that it only appears in the written form.
To your point about the presence of I3rab in modern dialects, it is not as extensive as in the Standard so I don't think it suffices to explain it.
@@hamzzaahmed1794
Proto-Arabic, Palae-Arabic? = falsely Reconstructed Arabic! Imposition! Who can tell the correct from the incorrect! Under what influence, does any so-called expert direct from what that language descends, apart from that those languages are descending from the same point, but not how or what that language would've been? Impossible!
In any case, إِعْرَابٌ (desinential inflection) would've existed before Islaam, but in my opinion the Arabic of the Qur'aan would've been spoken, nevertheless the Qur'aan was brought down in the language's deathbed intentionally, a surviving speck of a language that indicates origin of all the related languages, precisely the Qur'aanic Arabic has إعراب , whereas others lost it, only Ugaritic shows it both verbal but without the nominal nunation (tanwiin تَنْوِيْنٌ), and Akkadian shows instead of nūnation (nuun = ن) mīmation (miim = م)and simply it's recorded earlier doesn't equal original as the very structure of the language compared to the Qur'aanic Arabic shows!
The fact that Ugaritic had إعراب (desinential inflection) on the basis of three vowels of the Qur'aanic Arabic and the classical Arabic short vowels "a, i, u", same as the Akkadian language shows that the Qur'aanic Arabic RETAINED the direct original syntactic, morphological, desinential inflections and lexical of the original stem where both all those called ancient dialectic Arabic and all those languages named by the Europeans "Semitic languages" branched out of, without doubt!
There's no way to proof if "Imaalat إِمَالَةٌ" existed in the Qur'aanic Arabic, only the need to impose on it, for example "Li-aabaa'ihim لِآبَائِهِمِ" is still Li-aabaa'ihim simply there's no diacritics نُقَطٌ or نِقَاطٌ and no vowels شَكَلَاتٌ / حَرَكَاتٌ expressed on it doesn't obligate a sound with no evidence - other than someone who didn't understand and couldn't differentiate ancient dialectics Arabic from the spoken Qur'aanic Arabic wrote it -, to be imposed on it!
Proto-Semitic is a made up imposition built on selective preferences! It's a power play with the desperate need to impose oneself! Against what? Against the facts and hence the truth!
what a pedantic pronunciation I doubt they were pronuncing like that
You cant know the pronunciation you are pronuncig in fusha!!
This is all none sense, I m only few minutes into the video and Mr, Jallad has already shown his biases towards Classical Arabic, I would like to say if He has read 7th Century Quranic Documents (Hejazi Script) where there were no diacritical marks (Al-Ae’3raab) and dots (Nuqut) were shown in the text, should he then say it was not Classical Arabic or is He trying to assert that Arabs in 5/6/7th centuries were not speaking Classical Arabic. (And it’s related dialects) ??? And all of sudden in 8th Century this New language emerged as Classical Arabic with the Conquest of Islamic Empire.. what a Joke. really???
Very disappointing to see from an academic that He can’t differentiate a writing with / without diacritics, which does not prove or disapprove what body of a language or dialect it’s belongs to. Unless He shows very clear-cut distinction that shows otherwise. I hope he shows his research and findings without any preconceived notions and biases before approaching ancient texts.
His point is that “hejazi” dialect was not the only dialect, and that Classical Arabic is a language was developed by grammarians using the Quranic Arabic as a template and made it rigid, disregarding the actual spoken language by the people.
@@TheUnique69able exactly, this is where he is wrong, so that means he has very superficial reading of the Islamic and Arab history, There was a well known dialect of the Qureishi, People of the land of Hejaz a.k.a Pure Arabic (Classical Arabic), the language of Prophet Muhammad and his Tribe, therefore, the Qur’an was revealed in His language. Just as Prophet Jesus spoke Pure Aramaic not Syriac or Assyrian, which are two dialects of Aramaic, which are blemished by Persian Greek, Latin and other local languages of Levant thus lost the Original language of Jesus as well as His Revelation of Gospel.
@@abdullahalrai you are speaking from mythology. The narratives we got from the 9th 10th century Abbasid period are just inaccurate and are ideological and polemical rather than a description of history. Dr. Ahmad’s research is based on much older writings and inscriptions than what was compiled 200 years after Islam spread. There is no such thing as a “pure language”. Arabic borrowed many words from many different languages like Aramean, Syriac, Latin, Greek, Persian etc
@@TheUnique69able hahahaahah LOL not not bot bad
Look who is talking whose religion is all based on Greek Mythology (Christianity) and borrowed from the pagan religions of the past.
Bro, Syriac was not even written until late 8th century A.D , while first Classical Arabic grammar and its lexicon were compiled during the reign of 4th Caliph, Ali Ben Abi Talib r.a (c. 38 A.H) go do the math.
@@abdullahalrai انا عربي يا ذكي. حاجج الافكار، ولا تلجأ للشخصنة.
Music is haram