Amazing videos, just have a doubt: Are prions formed only when beta-sheets are folded instead of alpha sheets or the other way around also or is it when beta-sheets are misfolded?
Some questions . Did the alpha helices transform or unwind into beta sheets or did the amino acid polypeptide chain undergo denovo transformation into beta sheets without going through the alpha helice form ?
This video demystifies the whole prion thing for me. They are no longer as terrifying to me as before. As for why they can transform normal prion protein to deformed one, my guess is that the beta sheet can attract the beta sheet in the normal protein and form larger polymers. I also have a question, why this only happens to the prion protein but not on all other type of proteins?
Hydrogen bonding occurs between the far beta sheet and the first alpha helix. It causes the binding energy to shift forming and expanding the beta subunit. Next the hydrogen bonding becomes far stronger than normal within the molecule and part of the final helical linkage becomes a beta sheet. The solution would be to change an amino acid on the end of the first helical subassembly that is one with less energy of attraction. Im not sure what the precise function of PRp is, so that must be explored to make sure the transformation is not going to cause deleterious effects. Misfolded protiens can possibly be cleaved by a special antibody bound protease enzyme trained to attack the beta sheet at the end of the molecule.
Thanks for the video. BUT, if Prions are so stable, how can they be safely disposed of? Eg: 180,000 infected UK cattle? And why are there not Prions of many sorts rampaging thoughout Nature?
(1) theyve been found in nature actually. (2) they dont aerosolize well. (3) they appear to not be destroyed once autoclaving. They burn at 900F and some sources report ~2000F while 2300F is the center of the earth's magma (from my understanding)…
Prions are not destroyed by the autoclave actually that’s why they were meant to start using disposable instruments in hospitals after Mad cow disease was created by scientists feeding sick sheep to cattle!
We are currently having an out break of prions In 2020 in the 24 of our states here in the US. In the deer and Elk populations. To my understanding it "MAD COW" disease. No cure and deadly. Am I correct?
You can probably find some better examples in other videos such as animations etc. it’s hard to really depict its image but there’s bound to be one that sticks as a reference.
so a prion is a group of misfolded proteins? Also, what sets prions apart from the other misfolded proteins that can be denatured or refolded by the body cells?
They can somehow catalyse healthy proteins into misfolding and adding themselves to the stack of misfolded prions. A protein that is misfolded/denatured in another way is just junk that gets cleaned up.
The confusion here is because actually it is not the beef which comes from a cow with mad cow disease, but it is the brains of those cows. There are certain types of food called haggies and brawn which are made of cows’ brains and these can cause prion disease in humans...
So is a prion the result of a genetic mutation, whether in a cow or a human. In other words, does the prion originate as a mismatched mutation and then begins to aggregate, functioning as a disease?
It's actually PrPC > PrPSC. Your labels are incorrect, which causes confusion that leads to false information. PrP stands for prion protein, both PrPC and PrPSC are prion proteins except one is infectious. Your diagrams are correctly drawn, but they're not labeled correctly. It's supposed to be PrPC. It's not that it's a picky thing, it's just that prions are already misunderstood enough and we need to be precise when it's about teaching it to other people.
Saying prion proteins are infectious is wrong. Because it is not precise. It should be like special form of prions are infectious. Right? I got so confused.
You are a natural born lecturer. Thank you very much
Spongiform encepalopathy for those wanting to know... man I love your lectures.
This was such a helpful video. Thank you!
i love the explanation method. and the way he ends the video stashing on the last few words
RESPECTED SIR YOU ARE GREAT WITH SMART PERSONALITY
Clear explanations! Thank you so much!!!
Absolutely amazing!!!
Loved your excitement
Excellent lecture, thank you
Amazing videos, just have a doubt: Are prions formed only when beta-sheets are folded instead of alpha sheets or the other way around also or is it when beta-sheets are misfolded?
hats off sir 👍👍👍 love from INDIA best expained sir god bless you.....lot of love from me ❤❤❤❤❤😍😍😍
Prions turn us back into bricks.
Thank you. This was helpful.
Great lecture!
Thank you so much!
thank you very much .. thats very very useful 🎉
Thank you!!
Some questions . Did the alpha helices transform or unwind into beta sheets or did the amino acid polypeptide chain undergo denovo transformation into beta sheets without going through the alpha helice form ?
thank you so much!
thank you very much!
Thank you so much 😊
This video demystifies the whole prion thing for me. They are no longer as terrifying to me as before. As for why they can transform normal prion protein to deformed one, my guess is that the beta sheet can attract the beta sheet in the normal protein and form larger polymers. I also have a question, why this only happens to the prion protein but not on all other type of proteins?
You are the best
Thanks a lot 💙
Hydrogen bonding occurs between the far beta sheet and the first alpha helix. It causes the binding energy to shift forming and expanding the beta subunit. Next the hydrogen bonding becomes far stronger than normal within the molecule and part of the final helical linkage becomes a beta sheet. The solution would be to change an amino acid on the end of the first helical subassembly that is one with less energy of attraction. Im not sure what the precise function of PRp is, so that must be explored to make sure the transformation is not going to cause deleterious effects. Misfolded protiens can possibly be cleaved by a special antibody bound protease enzyme trained to attack the beta sheet at the end of the molecule.
thank you so much
Thank you 🙏
I need help with other stuff in protein folding . can you help with that ?
thank you sir
thank you,
Hats off 💜❤️
THANK YOU SO MUCH
Hi Sr!
Hope so you are doing well video was fantastic. Kindly tell me about the name of biology you are following for lectures.
Best explaination😇
Please could you give a feedback about spike combining with heparin generate prions?
Good Content Sir'.....
Helpful
Thanks for the video. BUT, if Prions are so stable, how can they be safely disposed of? Eg: 180,000 infected UK cattle? And why are there not Prions of many sorts rampaging thoughout Nature?
autoclaving denatures all proteins is how to safely dispose.
(1) theyve been found in nature actually.
(2) they dont aerosolize well.
(3) they appear to not be destroyed once autoclaving. They burn at 900F and some sources report ~2000F while 2300F is the center of the earth's magma (from my understanding)…
Prions are not destroyed by the autoclave actually that’s why they were meant to start using disposable instruments in hospitals after Mad cow disease was created by scientists feeding sick sheep to cattle!
your spirit is totally awesome! thank you sir!
But Religious Spirit does not exist.
sir please add videos of plant physiology ...espclly abt secndry metabolites and plant hormones plzzzzz
Whats the relation between prions and diabetes (T2D)
We are currently having an out break of prions
In 2020 in the 24 of our states here in the US. In the deer and Elk populations.
To my understanding it "MAD COW" disease.
No cure and deadly.
Am I correct?
Christina Nelson it’s called chronic wasting disease, but yes it’s pretty much the same as mad cow.
Thanks for the info.
I am wondering why everyone is using illustrations to explain this. Are there no sufficient images of misfolded proteins?
You can probably find some better examples in other videos such as animations etc. it’s hard to really depict its image but there’s bound to be one that sticks as a reference.
so a prion is a group of misfolded proteins? Also, what sets prions apart from the other misfolded proteins that can be denatured or refolded by the body cells?
They can somehow catalyse healthy proteins into misfolding and adding themselves to the stack of misfolded prions. A protein that is misfolded/denatured in another way is just junk that gets cleaned up.
The confusion here is because actually it is not the beef which comes from a cow with mad cow disease, but it is the brains of those cows. There are certain types of food called haggies and brawn which are made of cows’ brains and these can cause prion disease in humans...
Why don't you talk about charperones ?
agreed
So is a prion the result of a genetic mutation, whether in a cow or a human. In other words, does the prion originate as a mismatched mutation and then begins to aggregate, functioning as a disease?
Cognitive Philosophy I know it was just an example with the mad cow but still
No, not necessarily. We do not fully understand the origin of prion proteins.
Saving me yet again from unclear university lecture.
What written in the board scares me
Beta pleated sheets
Linear should be replaced by planar in the video
swag
It's actually PrPC > PrPSC. Your labels are incorrect, which causes confusion that leads to false information. PrP stands for prion protein, both PrPC and PrPSC are prion proteins except one is infectious. Your diagrams are correctly drawn, but they're not labeled correctly. It's supposed to be PrPC. It's not that it's a picky thing, it's just that prions are already misunderstood enough and we need to be precise when it's about teaching it to other people.
Saying prion proteins are infectious is wrong. Because it is not precise. It should be like special form of prions are infectious. Right? I got so confused.
PrP and PrPc are the same thing the only one that is pathogenic is PrPSc
Pronounced 'pree-on', not 'pry-on'
You say tomato and I say tomato.
beta pleated sheets
🧃
it's pronounced PREE-ons
Its pronounced Pre ons you nit wit PrI ons are birds