Why did the Iberian Union Fail?
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- čas přidán 21. 12. 2021
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Why did the Iberian Union Fail?
The Iberian Peninsula is the home to two once-upon-a-time colonial empires that have survived as strong and sovereign nations, side by side, for many centuries. Often though, many wonder how this actually happened, and particularly, how Spain never managed to take over its smaller neighbor who was locked between Spain and the North Atlantic Ocean. Well, in reality, this actually almost happened at one point - although not in the way most may have expected…
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♦Sources :
Bethell, Leslie -The Cambridge History of Latin America.
Luis Suárez Fernández, José Andrés Gallego - La Crisis de la hegemonía española, siglo XVII
Jean-Frédéric Schaub - Le Portugal Au Temps Du Conde-duc D'olivares
♦Script & Research :
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#History #Documentary #Spain
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Great video as always, smashed it out of the park with this and talks about many details that aren't even mentioned in school here so congratulations on the research too. If you need me for Portuguese pronnounciation for the future feel free to reach out to me 👍
Por favor Knowledgia, tem como você colocar legendas em português nesteu vídeo ?
dividing the world into halfsies for themselves, then proceeding to unite. chad move indeed
No. As Portuguese these was the worst shit ever.
@@tiagozuffsantos7644 as a brazilian this was the worst shit ever
English piratas changed the course of history
This was the worst shit ever for Portugal
Iberian union is disaster for Portugal lol
Iberian Union: exists
Catalonians: prepare for trouble
Portugal: and make it double
@Safwaan Nah, Galicians would be more like "Meowth!", as in the original Rocket Team. Basques - they're the ones I can't figure out what they'd be within the Pokémon universe
@@JosePineda-cy6om Wobbuffet
@Safwaan "prepare for trouble / and make it double" is what the Rocket Team used to say in every episode they appeared in, in the Pokémon animated series. Jessie would say the 1st line, her brother James the 2nd, and finally the pokemon Meowth would jump up from behind both and say "meow, that's it!". You never watched it, as a kid? I still have fond memories of Ash and Pikachu fighting the Rocket Team!!!
@@JosePineda-cy6om I vote "Ash Ketchum's Charizard"
@Safwaan kinda funny that Basques were more Spanish than the Castilians during the Carlist wars
Fun facts. The day Portugal ended the union, the first of December , is a public holiday in Portugal.
The new Portuguese king was so terrified that the Spanish would kill him that he sought the help from above. Eight days later, he offered his most precious possession, the kingdom of Portugal, to our Lady of Conceição. Since then the eight of December is also a public holiday in Portugal, and never again a Portuguese king used a crown.
what do u mean by from 'above' ?
@@notanomba4598 God?
@@notanomba4598 The king sought help from God. I know it's crazy but the Portuguese commemorate the day the king gave their country to a saint, to assure protection from the Spanish.
@@MarquesdasMinas Ahh, no worries, got it now. I took the 'above' too literally xD but yea, I know there's a lot of mysticism and religiosity in Portuguese history which makes it even cooler :)
@@MarquesdasMinas It isnt crazy...
Fun fact : Portugal is the only Mediterranean country without access to the Mediterranean Sea 🙃
Also factual but not nearly as fun; Spain is the only European country whose people aren't considered Caucasian
@@user-ts6tz8zk2r I don’t see how that is true. Sounds like Italians denying whiteness in favor of “olive” skin. Native spaniards are white full stop.
Wait What
According to the United States census, people of Spanish ancestry are considered Hispanic as opposed to white. Not sure if the matter is the same in Europe.
@@user-ts6tz8zk2r ... by Americans... In Europe we don't consider hispanics a separate race, though we sort of do that with Arabs while Americans don't.
Filipe: *I'm King now!*
Portugal: *Ok Filipe the First, you are the King.*
Filipe: *What? No it's "The Second".*
Portugal: *Of where?*
Filipe: *Spain.*
Portugal: *Are you in Spain?!*
Filipe: *No...*
Portugal: *Then I guess it's "The First" caralho!*
Carlos I/V: "I'm proud of you, my son".
🤣🤣🤣
philp the second invades
portugal: "this isnt that bad"
philip dies
philip the third :"your free trial has ended, now lets raise taxes and go to war"
That's Phillip IV (of Spain)
And 3rd of Portugal. Whats your point?
@@tubarao1143 Es. Phillips II, III, IV
Pt. Phillips I, II, III.
These are different kinglists that happen to feature the same monarchs in succession, and he kind of switched them.
Also, he skipped the one in the middle, which is really a shame, because mentioning his (alledgedly) stupid death would have added a lot more flavour to the meme.
But yes, it was mostly just me being a stickler for detail.
@@hueymiranda2017 I sm Portuguese, i use the Portuguese nomenclature.
@@tubarao1143 I got it, from looking your username. Same here. I was.
But did you get what I meant yet?
In brazilian schools we are taugh that this event has a really huge influence in our history, and it does.
How so?
I’ve never learned this at school and it doesn’t seem this had any impact on American colonies
It was because of the French and Dutch started to settle on Brazil during the hasburgs wars, worrying Portuguese nobles which promptly advocated for a bigger push inlands
@@joaobelmar7109 as I said, this did not leave any lasting impact on Brazil
@@caio5987 It did in the way that until that moment Brazil was seen pretty much as insignificant compared to the other colonies in India, and the threat of another country taking it opened Portuguese eyes to go and settled there
@@joaobelmar7109 🤦♂️
Portugal and Spain Share The Same Peninsula.
I Know The Portuguese People and Spanish People Are Very Differents.
But We Have An Excelent Relationship.
Greetings To Our Spanish Neighboors, Portugal Adore You Guys.
🇵🇹❤🇪🇦
The world sees you as almost the same.
@@freedomlandcanada230 We Are Differents.
The Portuguese People Have a Different Language, Culture and Identity.
But We Are Neighboors and We Share The Same Peninsula. ;)
Greetings from this Spanish to all our brothers from Portugal, much love to you🇪🇸❤️🇵🇹
@@Alvaro1ization Thanks Brother.
Much Love To Spanish People.
🇵🇹❤🇪🇦
@@freedomlandcanada230 well,the world is totally wrong.
Because Castille didn't enable support loyalists. (Eu4 reference)
i guess their prestige wasn't high enough to plactate the local rulers
Should've prepared by attacking minor nations to farm reputation and money; then pay of their debt and placate rulers.
@@benjaminhinz2552 and Portugal only lost in the north of Africa because they didn't hire the Free Company
😁 Cool...
😟 Although...
😩 References are generally best if you don't explicitly say they're references.
😒 It's a little bit like explaining a joke.
😁 Vassal Swarm FTW
The Iberian union was a big reason why the dutch became so powerfull because Spain took away alot of man from their colonies so the dutch could easily take them with little resistance and after the 30 years war and the 80 Years war the dutch hat a great foundation to build a empire from and take control of the spice trade
Basically how the Dutch got their colonies from the Portuguese.
@@pedropaulodossantos6088 basically
Take them with little resistant? I don't understand, you saying the soldiers were changing sides?
@@alvaro701 no because of the 30 year war Spain took away their troops from their colonies so there we where not many man defending their colonies so they where taken with eas
@@Javier-bw1qj Cómo si eso no hubiera ocurrido con España
This union came to existance from a dinastic deadlock when a King died while fighting a common enemy. Reminds me when companies merge nowadays when one of them faces some kind of stress; the idea is good, but the merger is never the best of both, just a consequence of circunstances, missing the full potencial each could provide.
"Merger is never the best of both"
Well, that is not correct, or at least is contrafactual. Spain was the first world potency of it's time, and had bigger challenges than Portugal. The inaccuaracy in the video is to not show the importance of the Americans ands Asians viceroyalties in the daily political life of the kingdoms. See, much of the decline of the Spanish Empire was related to English piracy. And England used the ports of Portugal permanently. In the long run, how would the contest between Spain and England have turned out?
Tecmo Koei is an example of such failure Merger
@@funeslandia " *Spain was the first world potency of it's time* "
It was Portugal, everybody knows that.
You guys were second
Alfonso is a spanish name. Afonso is a portuguese name
In Ancient Portuguese it would've been Alfonso as well. Medieval Castillian and Medieval Galaico-Portuguese were much closer to each other than they're now
@@JosePineda-cy6om In the 15th century it was written Afonso or Affonso in Archaic Portuguese
@@Sayid85 Alfredo, Alfonso, all these names come from Gothic German. In the original they have "al" at the beginning, so clearly if you go back, back, back in time all Iberian languages would've said "Alfred" and "Alfons" - and only latter they would've reflected the sound changes in the local vernacular Romance. Hence Roderic becoming "Rodrigo", Ricared becoming "Ricardo", Bernhardt turning "Bernardo" and so on
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphons
Eles estão a dizer os nomes em inglês, por isso estão a usar Alfonso
Miguel would've kept the Habsburgs out of the throne. Imagine an Iberian Union (+ Naples and Milan) without involvement in the Netherlands or the 30 years war (both were Habsburgs matters). They could've focused on the Italian wars and North Africa, maybe even restore Western Rome.
I highly doubt they could’ve gotten France but italy and Northern Africa was totally feasible
it truly is interesting imagining what would happen if Miguel da Paz (Michael The Peacebringer) lived on...
there was another portuguese heir to be King of Iberia, the prince afonso son of D.João II prior prior to Miguel de la Paz, D.João II married his son with the daughter of Queen Isabella/Fernindand, the prince died from a suspicious fall from his horse.
@@ishthewall1915 Don't forget the fact that on the deathbed of the last hapsburg of Spain he said that his kingdom will be inherited by Louis XIV's Grandson thus Uniting France with the whole of Spain( or Iberian Union for that matter)
so... its because of the Dutch we dont have a second roman empire?
This was a well-informed video. Nice job.
My opinion about this matter is that if the King of the small country (Portugal) would have a would have inherited the crown of the larger country (Spain), the union would have worked the same way it happed when when a Scottish King inherited the English crown. Every time an English king tried to conquer the Scottish crow he failed. The English would never had accepted a French King, but they did accept a King from Hannover the same way as the French accepted a King of Navarre
History is just history, both live the present Portugal and Spain, I wish that all countries in the world lived like us, if that happens will be peace at last.
And the relation between the two countries is great, as well as the relation with our brothers is Portugal
Portuguese here. In middle school, we were taught this period as if it had been an occupation. I never knew of the union until google and wikipedia came along.
Portuguese here too, but i was taught it was an inheritance.
It was
Português here, i was taught as said in the video, filipe II was the rightfull king, but their soons trested portugal as a low place so we revolted
@@jonynos16 Its debatable if it was Philip I or António I the rightful king.
E sabes porquê? Porque toda a História é escrita pelos ingleses
Very nice video, thank you!
Nicely explained.
John the II of Portugal had one son named Afonso of Portugal who if he had grown would be the king of Portugal, Aragon and Castille , the kings of Castille feared that and they tried everything to stop the marriage but failed , but Afonso died while riding is horse , they are some theories that the kings of Castille had something to do with the accident , therefore John the second named his cousin I think D Manuel to become the next king , if had the Afonso survived , this would be the first time in history that a king of Portugal would be king of Aragon and Castille
"Every country should realize that its turn at world domination, domination because its rights coincided more or less with the character or progress of the epoch, must terminate with the change brought about by this progress"
- Juan Ramon Jimenez
Great video
I have heard that the most advanced and capable ships of the grand armada in 1588 were actually the Portuguese ones also manned by the Portuguese sailors.
Note how in the description there's the tag Spain but not the tag Portugal
Both Portugal and Spain are two of my favourite countries ever and most of the Portuguese people had their rights to fight for their independence because of the selfishness and greediness of some of a few of the kings just to conquer them to make them mainly the taxes which were hiked and the other ridiculous rule,good friends!!!:-D
What do you think about Morocco 🇲🇦
@@Wheretog no one cares about morocco
@@thebender7458 naah wdym morocco is cool
@@trollinape2697 it's forgotten and people wouldn't care if morocco was a thing or not
@@thebender7458 its not forgotten?
knowlegdia great channel
Awesome explanation! 😃👍
Hispania is general name of possible co-existence of Portugal and rest of Iberian peninsula (today's Spain).
Specific name of Spain's leading political entity was Castilia. When Castilia was joined by Aragon, Navarra, Catalonia, Andalusia, Asturia, Galicia, etc, it absorbed superior name - Spain (Hispana).
So Portugal should not worry when one calls it "part of Hispana" when talks about Iberian peninsula as a whole.
Hispania: Ok
Iberia(n Peninsula): Ok
"one of The Spains/Hispaniae": Meh
España/Spain: Nope
As a portuguese no, we hate being called that top
Hollywood censure it, but Spanish Empire was the largest of all times.
Portugal 🇵🇹 and Ireland 🇨🇮 are the only European countries to have a single border with another country, such as Spain 🇪🇦 and the UK 🇬🇧
Thats not Ireland, thats Ivory coast :/ this is Ireland 🇮🇪
Btw, in Portuguese, the particle "de" is not read as "dji" as it would be in Brazilian Portuguese.
Yep. "Duh", and "dee" would be far more acceptable.
@Samuel That's exactly why it's so silly that so many people think that de is pronounced dji in all dialects of Portuguese, when not even all of the Brazilians do it and nobody in Africa does it. Also, you need to capitalize all countries and languages in English.
Yeah, but most foreigners rather learn brazilian portuguese over european portuguese, because Brazil have a larger number of speakers
@Samuel Actually the "de" from some states of northeast of Brazil is closer to the portuguese "de"
@@gandhi_assuncao It's not just about the number of speakers. If that were true, then why don't many more people want to learn American English over British? In fact, most of my clients learn British.
There's also the size and proximity to North America. Also, people don't understand how different they are and if/when they do, they realize European Portuguese is more difficult, especially in the Azores.
The union was doomed fo tail. Portugal owned too much of the world to become an overtaxed, impoverished province of the Spanish Empire.
Plus portigal and englands toght nit alliance
Wtf is this
Just a small comment, the "Monte Carlos" battle is wrong the actual name was "Montes Claros" otherwise great video
do you know how this union ended? with the Spanish representative of the spanish crown being thrown out of a window in Lisbon, thats how.
Kind of like how the king in the film, 'Braveheart', throws his son's "high councilor" out a window.
@@leniobarcelos1770 nothing like that
May I ask if you actually have your videos on Nebula? I have the subscription but cannot find you... Thx
Montijo is not pronounced in Portuguese as it is in Castilian Spanish. The J is pronounced like a normal J, such as in John.
This video explains so much of what I didn't understand! The fate of history is such a b****! If Spain was to unite naturally by a child of portugal's king...the whole reason behind the bitter tension of hapsburg conquest wouldn't have been there & had they been United in defending it's colonial holdings, history could have been WAY different!
You never know. Phillip II OF Spain was the natural king of the Netherlands also, but when nobility of the Netherlands saw how nobility of Germanic empire became richer and richer by the means of changing their religion and expropriating all of the Catholic Church properties, then, the Netherlanders started to do the same and that was the origin of the wars against Spain for their independence with the excuse of the religion.
Why would the king of Spain, stuck in wars and chronically bankrupt, care about Portugal's interests?
@@doppelwaffen because he was Isabel de Portugal's son. He considered himself as the legal heir of the throne.
and even the napoleonic wars would have been different, as the reason spain was conquered so quickly was because french troops were crossing to conquer Portugal... So it would have been nice to see what would have happened
Hi, the fourth major battle of the Independence War mentioned by you is actually called Montes Claros - not Montes Carlos! Carlos is the Portuguese name for Charles 🙂
Absolutely a major life lesson from this period of history. Don't break your promises. Something seemingly as a species we have never really learnt.
>video starts
Me: ok, he’s doing pretty good, he even got Olivença in the map which is very positive...
>2:43 “...King of Portugal Sebastian I, who was *slain* ...”
Me: REEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
Probably because it was more 'Spain under a new name' than actually a 'Union of Spain and Portugal'.
Portugal " under new management "
You are forget that at that time "Spain" was the name of the Whole peninsula and would be the name of a united iberia
You're forgetting Spain wasn't a political entity back then. It was the union of Castille and Aragon. If Castille+Aragon could work, so could Portugal+Castille+Aragon.
@@rodrigojardim6752 Spain didn't exist at the time.
Except Spain didn't exist at the time, there was Castille and Leon, with the Catalonia and Navarre which was joined by Portugal
We need this again
Cool video, one question, who taught you how to read? Viceroy is phonetically obvious....vice roy, viceroy lol
Keep up this awesome work . Great bit of history there . 😜✌️✌️🇬🇧🇺🇸
I’m Spanish , German and sexy welsh with American black in me lol great mix and I love all my ancestors history . Means I have many beautiful beginnings and some awful to this day nevertheless harm . All history is history and it shows us all how to avoid this awful creations . We the people are easily lead I think we and our ancestors have proven so . War is destruction of someone’s family . If you believe in a higher power then is this do you think is what they want ? We are the problem as we follow instead of think . Countless beautiful lives gone for what ? Control ? Who controls what ?
@@makebritaingreatagain8199 so what are you now Spain America Germany wtf is this all are not ethnic groups just countries
you ether grminc or Hispanic or African
@@Dima-px6pr a crazy mix that’s what I am 😜
@@Dima-px6prAfrican
In Portugal, we have a saying that translated to English goes something like this: " from Spain don't expect good winds or good marriages". The marriage comment refers to the succession issues that led to this Iberian Union and the 'winds' comment refers to how the Spanish recalled all the Portuguese fleet (abandoning the protection of the colonies) to join the Spanish armada to invade England and as we know, it all got destroyed crossing the channel, and it opened the doors for the Dutch to pick and choose our colonies in Asia.
Inglaterra al final perdió la guerra en la contraarmada inglesa y España ganó investiga, los portugueses el pueblo no quería la independencia solo la oligarquía portuguesa
@@marco94a Não inventes. O povo nunca quis pertencer a Espanha
@@Javier-bw1qj " *Patético, la culpa es siempre de los demás* "
You were using our men and our ships.
Pathetic is pretending this didn't make the Dutch take advantage of the situation
i love your video, can you do more about thr middle east
can you do a couple on mahabarata?
I think Portugal and Spain are in a union right now, a EU union in our great european partners. Our relationship right now is simply perfect, we respect each other, we can go as pleased, trade as please, there is no military problem whatsover.
Love for my iberian brothers and sisters
the relationship between the Portuguese and the Spaniards is not that perfect though. I've read many comments from Spanish people saying Portugal is poor, has no infrastructures, and Spain is way better than Portugal. LOL!
I have NEVER heard any spanish say bad things about Portugal and I'm from Spain. I don't know who said that things but they're a minority in Spain.
We love Portugal.
If you exclude Spain bickering over Portugal's maritime influence and withholding water from Iberia's main rivers... Almost perfect
@@anaramos2802 i'm not from europe but damn
spain better than portugal? HAHA
i would take a flight around spain just to don't enter this country if i had to go to any other european nation
@@vixeythevixen what did Spain ever do to you?
I have a question, why did they not made an emperor? I don't know if it could solve the problem but it might avoid the breaking of the Union. Because you know, having an emperor, a higher title than a king, can just appoint or give the king titles to who is worthy or has a claim on the kingdoms.
The Problem was not the title was the attempt from Spain to make Portugal an de facto province of Spain
@@Orionte9 That was my point. If Portugal dont want to be a provence then the Union should make an emperor so that the two kingdoms can exist together.
Edit: But their neighbors probably dont want that to happen.
@@YuriSteiner04 but Spain could create an emperor but if the king does not have autonomy the problem presist
@@YuriSteiner04 the whole point of the union not working was because the spanish could not hold their word and pacts signed to keep the portuguese nation autonomous. By making the entire region an empire like you mentioned, it would actually make the situation for the portuguese much worse because it would give the spaniards even more power and restrict more power to the portuguese people within their own lands. The point of the union was to unite equally, not have a nation become sole ruler.
Thanks for the answers guys. I just wished the Union worked.
Imagine if Duarte 5th duke of Guimaraes lived longer and became king of Portugal as he certainly had better claim to the throne.
The videos begins poorly by claiming "Kings such as Miguel da Paz...". Miguel da Paz wasn't a King. He was a prince that was expected to inherit the Crowns of Portugal, Castille and Aragon (being the son of the Portuguese King Manuel I and Isabela, eldest daughter of Isabela I of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragon), but two things happened: his mother (Princess Isabella) died birthing him (thus, did not succeed her parents crowns) and the little Miguel died in infancy.
He was, however, named as Miguel da Paz, which means, in Portuguese, Michael of the Peace, because he was expected to finally bring peace and Unity in the peninsula.
You probably hear this from every person from every country but, I'd love to see more history videos about Mexico from you :D
Interesting video that explains the political causes behind the failure of the Iberian Union, but it would also be interesting to have a separate video explaining the Portuguese Restoration War in more detail, which lasted for 28 years, from 1640 - 1668, and which ultimately led to the restoration and consolidation of Portuguese independence.
If one is to analyze that war more carefully, it is possible to see that despite Portugal’s decline after the disaster at Alcacer Quibir, Portugal still held a very capable military, capable of imposing heavy defeats on the Spanish, and although it was indeed helped by England and France at some points in the war, it is important to also underline that most of the fighting was done by Portuguese troops, and that the Spanish military was also boosted by German, French and Italian contingents.
Battle of the Lines of Elvas - 10.500 Portuguese troops defeat 17.500 Spanish troops
Battle of Arronches - 950 Portuguese troops defeat 1.300 Spanish troops
Battle of Ameixial - 14.000 Portuguese and 3.000 English troops defeat an 18.500 coalition army of Spanish, Italian, French and German troops
Battle of Castelo Rodrigo - 3.000 Portuguese troops defeat an army of 7.000 Spanish troops
Battle of Montes Claros - An army of 20.000 Portuguese troops and 2.000 English allies defeat of 22.600 Spanish troops
The Spanish outnumbered the Portuguese in most of the major battles of the restoration war, and were soundly defeated almost every time, and although Spain was also involved in multiple conflicts it is important to remember that Portugal was also fighting a world war against the Dutch, outnumbered, and eventually also winning in Brazil and Angola, despite losing in Asia.
There is a very good book about the Portuguese military, named “Homens, Espadas e Tomates” (Men, Swords and Balls) by a Portuguese-German military historian named Rainer Daehnardt which explains the military prowess of the Portuguese during the colonial period. He basically makes the claim that the Portuguese military was the first military in History engaged in global transoceanic warfare, and that gave the Portuguese a lot of experience fighting outnumbered (especially in Africa and India), which greatly helped the Portuguese in other wars as well. It´s a very interesting book to read, where you can learn a lot about the Portuguese military of the colonial period, and which helps to shed light on how a small country of 1 million people was able to build a global empire stretching from Brazil to Japan at one point. Everyone knows about the prowess of the Spanish Tercios for instance, but for the most part the Portuguese military (who were actually one of the most experienced military of the time as well) is unfortunately overlooked. There isn’t an English edition yet, so you can only read it in Portuguese, which is a shame, hopefully in the future there will be one. Helps to understand a lot about Portuguese history.
The fight against the Dutch in Brazil and Angola were not backed by the Metropolis at all, the king planned to make a truce with Holland.
The sugar plantation owners of Brazil had a great debt with the Dutch West Indies Company and could not pay it so they rebelled against them and kicked them out.
Later on they also organised an army and fleet from Rio de Janeiro to liberate Angola which was essential for the commerce of slaves with Brazil (After that Angola was administratively more connected to Brazil than to Portugal itself).
King John IV actually discouraged the rebellion.
The most important local family responsible for the rebellion (Cavalcanti Albuquerque) consolidated even more it's power, being active in Brazilian politics until very recently.
The Portuguese Empire is indeed very impressive, considering how a "little" (compared to it's neighbors in population and size) could explore most of the world even when more powerful countries tried to subjugate it.
Little in size but great in it's people.
@@augustobarbosab.773 That's not entirely true. I recently read a very interesting book called "Arrancados da Terra" by Lira Neto about the exiled Jews to Brasil, and he does mention that the Crown got involved after 1640. King John IV of Portugal sent a fleet of 77 ships to North East Brazil, from the "Companhia Geral do Comércio do Brasil", which was apparently crucial in recapturing Recife and the final capitulation of the Dutch.
To be fair, the Spanish never commited their best units during the restoration war, they were fighting elsewhere.
Although Portugal secured its independence it become apparent that Portugal was indefensible. Hence the ideia of moving the royal court to Brazil that happend 150 years later. Also the idea of moving inland to protect the center of decision from sea attack was proposed around this time including by the the Marquis of Pombal. This was finally done when in the 20th century the capital of Brazil was moved from Rio to Brasilia.
@@MarquesdasMinas Well, the Restoration War was not the only attempt by Spain to reconquer Portugal.
Roughly 100 years later, in 1762, the Spanish attempted again, in what was apparently the largest Spanish military mobilisation of the 18th century, which clearly indicates that it was one of their top priorities to reconquer Portugal, and once again they came out defeated.
Whilst it is true that both Portugal and Spain were already in decline by this point, and that the British played a much more important role in this war, as they sent the commander, many more troops and helped to reorganize the Portuguese army (which had suffered a lot due to the consequences of the 1755 earthquake), the Spanish were also greatly aided by France, and the Anglo-Portuguese forces were heavily outnumbered as well. 8000 Portuguese and 7100 British troops defeated a combined Franco-Spanish army of 30.000 Spaniards and 10.000 - 12.000 French. The Spanish also had previously attempted to invade Portugal during the early reign of King John V, and had lost too, with no foreign intervention.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_invasion_of_Portugal_(1762)
@@Omerath9 In 1653, when the governor in Brazil had already sent a fleet to recapture Luanda five years earlier and Recife had already been under siege.
There's a video from Countryballs Explained about the failed union between Spain and Portugal and its quite funny. 😁 🇪🇸🇵🇹
Jose Saramago's novel "The Stone Raft"
QUESTION: At this point in history, I'm wondering how much closer the Spanish and Portuguese languages were. In the early 1600s, were they more like dialects of the same language? Could they easily communicate? Thank you.
I just spent almost three weeks in Portugal last October (2021). I can tell you the languages are far apart, as well as pronunciation, as well as how the Portuguese tend to roll words together such that Brazilian Portuguese is actually easier to learn and understand. Pronunciations are very different. The trailing S's on words are pronounced more like Sh (with Northerners laying it on extra thick). For example. "Adios," one of only a few common words, is pronounced more like "ah-DI-osh" with the emphasis on the second syllable -- listening to it you wouldn't think it was the same word. The place names in this video (8:50) are pronounced wrong. It would be interesting (and a lot more fun!) to see this video narrated by a native Portuguese speaker.
@@johnjamesbaldridge867 actually Adios is not a common word, in Portugal we say Adeus. its very similar but its clearly different
@@tomi2205 Ahhhh thank you! I'm really looking forward to going back. Can't say enough good things about Portugal. Muito obrigado!
@@johnjamesbaldridge867 -- Thank you so much for taking the time to write that.
@@uekiguy5886 I probably could have gone on for quite a while more. I strongly recommend visiting there and interacting with the people, who are unanimously -- well -- nice! They have a strong pride and knowledge of their history -- warts and all. I was corrected on "adios" vs. "adeus." Rookie mistake. It is more like "ah-DI-oosh" than "ah-DI-osh." The point is the language is beautiful and lyrical, enhanced in its beauty by the people speaking it.
I Would fight until the end to libert Portuga,where my family lived for centuries
Do a video about Qing dynasty
Will you ever do the Phillipine American war??
Жаль что союз распался и-за эгоизма испанский королей, пренебрежения интересами Португалии. Никого не желаю обидеть, но мне очень симпатизирует идея этой страны, и потенциальные флаги. Думаю что в таком случии Иберия была бы богаче. Хотя скорее всего, на моменте экономических проблем страны, союз бы развалился, кто знает.
Imagine how different things would be if the union never fell
Apart from Cristiano Ronaldo being world champion by now anything else wouldn’t be much different
@@caio5987 well probably Portuñol would be the second most spoken language in the world.
Portugal would have been annexed, and in modern times would've been as disgruntled as Catalonia or the Basque Country.
@@Luzitanium
Portuguese and Spanish would still exist as separate languages, just like Galician and Catalan still exist.
@@hueymiranda2017 ????
Spain "seized" Portugal between 1580-1640, with a military and naval offensive in 1580-83, and Portugal collaborated in the wars of the Catholics of the Spanish Empire. Spain sent fleets to Brazil to defeat the Netherlands in 1625 and 1631, with Portuguese ships. Philip II was the son of a Spanish queen born in Portugal and claimed succession rights, becoming king of Portugal, too. Portugal became independent in the period 1640-1668, when Spain was fighting with many international powers: France, England, Protestant Germany, Netherlands, Turkish Empire, Denmark, Sweden, revolts in Italy, revolts in Cataluña, Morocco, Berber pirates, Filipino Moors, Chinese and Japanese pirates, Mapuches of Chile and Apaches of the great plains. We beat France in Italy (1648), Catalonia (1652), but Portugal escaped.
Please can you talk about Nigeria's Biafra war.
#knowledgia, you use "Spain" to refer to the territories that the kingdom of Spain has nowadays.
But this kingdom didn't exist until the 18th century, when it was "invented" by the French minister that Louis XIV chose to manage the Spanish kingdoms that his grandson had received after the Spanish War of Succession.
From 1516 to 1704, the Iberian Peninsule had several governments: The Portuguese one under the king of Portugal and the Castilian and Aragonese governments (consejos de Castilla y de Aragón), both under the same king, from Charles I (also monarch of the Holly Roman Empire as Karl V). And there were also several parliaments, the Cortes of Castilla, Aragón, Valencia and the Consell of Cent (the council of the hundred) at Barcelona.
Spain, until the arrival of the centralist Bourbon dinasty, was the name of the whole Iberian Peninsula, given by the Phoenicians a thousand years before Christ.
When the ambassadors of Castilla and Portugal were negotiating at Tordesillas how to divide the world, the referee was an Italian cardinal sent by the Pope. And when he refered the Castillian one as Spanish, the Portuguese ambassador had to protest: "We the Portuguese are also Spanish".
Please, when teaching History of Spain, forget all the simplifications made out of Spain and also forget the Spanish textbooks, because they're the product of three centuries of centralist Bourbonic propaganda. Pretty succesful, as today most of the Spanish themselves ignore completely their own History.
I wrote moreless the same! A lot of people doesn't know the history of their own region, and they talk about Castille as Spain, when Spain is more than Castille and castillian language (in other languages you say spanish language, but in spanish you can say "castellano" or "español", because in Spain there are more languages than castillian, wrongly said "spanish").
The history of Spain is very complex and even in Spain is wrongly taught. I've learned it well because I love history.
Indeed, and even the Crown of Castille and Crown of Aragon were in of themselves unions of other Kingdoms, in the case of Aragon, the Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Valencia, Principality of Catalonia, Kingdom of the Mallorques and, when they owned the land, the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. All being independent of one another, like how Canada and Britain are independent despite sharing the same queen. So in essence, Spain had more than 10 different States within it, all which considered themselves Spanish due to geographic reasons, and in the West (Crown of Castille and Portugal) because of the title of Imperator Totius Hispaniæ
Spain was widely referred as Spain even in the XV century.
@@pauortolacobos6636 By who?
Unfortunately this is the anglo saxon point of view for everything in the mass media. Also their lack of precision doesn't help at all i.e. they don't even bother to know how to pronounce the names right. He forgot one precious detail: practically all of the common people hated the Castilians and that's WHY the "Spanish" fail the Iberian Union in the same way the USSR also failed - forced unions never end well! Anyway congrats for the video as it was a good effort for everyone know a little bit the history of the Europe's corner.
Well basically, it depends on which path you take. If you stick to Franco and Salazar their dictatorial rule would ruin the country. If you try to liberalise and the uprising defeat you it crumbles also.
I was disappointed that the impact of the Iberian Union on the transatlantic slave trade wasn't discussed. Portuguese planters, as well as Dutch planters in Northeast Brazil, had built a sugar empire in Brazil by transporting slaves from Africa, while Spain kept out of the slave trade. What happened during the Iberian Union? Did the British, Dutch and French replace the Portuguese slavers? Did the Portuguese continue importing slaves to Brazil clandestinely? And how was slavery changed when the Iberian Union broke up?
The empires were 2 distinct political entities. They were not attached. There was no problem with the importation of slaves to America. Only when the Dutch invaded Angola
" *while Spain kept out of the slave trade* "
I think you need to study more, Spain did less slave trade but... they still did it
Hello colleagues, a question in the year 1580-1640, Portugal had already controlled the whole of Brazil or only a part of it during the Iberian Union
the King of Spain the first of the Philips had to agree to certain conditions in Courts of Tomar in 1581 to be King of Portugal (he even changed his named as Philip I of Portugal, he was Philip II of Spain - so this means one monarch two kingdoms), those conditions were:
- Respect the liberties, privileges, uses and customs of the Portuguese monarchy, maintaining Portugal full sovereignty over its Kingdom and Empire;
-Always gather Cortes in Portugal and keep all Portuguese laws;
- The positions of viceroy or governor of Portugal were to be held by Portuguese or members of the royal family;
- The positions foreseen for the Court and general administration of the Kingdom would always be filled by Portuguese;
- The Portuguese could also hold public functions in Castile;
- Commerce from India and Guinea could only be done by the Portuguese;
- Titles of cities and towns could not be granted except to the Portuguese;
- The language in official documents and acts would continue to be only Portuguese;
- Every year, two hundred new houses would be created (ordained that were handed over to the nobles from the age of twelve) and the Queen should always have Portuguese noble ladies as ladies;
- The crown prince, D. Diogo, would be kept and educated in Portugal;
- The Castilian garrisons would be withdrawn and the royal arms of Portugal would be preserved in the current currency;
Thus, the interests of the upper classes would be safeguarded and Portugal would be governed in the form of a Personal Union, preserving its institutions and particularities, under the aegis of a single king. There was no administrative homogeneity. He stayed in Golegã, at Quinta da Cardiga.
And even so they chose independence and loosing most of their empire.
@@jonayz8655 Portugal recovered most of it with dynastic independence, it would lost more if continued in the Union with the risk of being part of Spain, the revolt avoided that from happening, and Portugal never reached to be part of Spain ever.
@@Luzitanium If you prefer to believe that for me is ok. But Portugal did nothing but loosing territories in thenext years. France and the UK took India and most of África and the dutch also took many asian colonies. I know in Portuguse history books, the Portuguse always win but that is far from the truth. That is just like when your government said that Magallaes was the.first one to circunavigate theplanet....
@@jonayz8655 what you talking about? France and Dutch were kicked from the colony of Brazil and Angola, and Portugal gave the city of Bombay (Mumbai) from India to the UK after the Iberian Union, Portugal just kept Goa in India as it never had intention to own the entire India.
@@Luzitanium French and dutch were kicked out from Brazil by the Spaniards not the portuguese and most of the Portuguese colonies in India by the French up until the British Eastern Indies Company defeated them at the end of the XVII century. After separating from Spain, Portugal proved unable to keep their colonies, oops sorry, it is just that "didn't have the intention of keeping them". Thats why the.Brits and the French wanted to separate Portugal from Spain, not because they were you r friends, I think is commonsensical, but some people are so naive...
Hello long live the Iberian. I thank them for creating the modern world and the United States of America 🇺🇸. Saludos Iberians que Dios los bendiga
The Americas was discovered by the Vikings and later Genoese and the modern US was colonized by Great Britain.
Iberian here.
Didn't catch the latter part.
What's a "saludos"?
@@MrSiddharthaSaha hello yes correct today we call them Spaniards genius. You are completely conditioned man. Prove me erroneos if you can. Saludos Merry Christmas 🎅 Whiteamerienglish
@@pavelavietor1 Genoese are not in any way Spaniards. They are a part of Italy today. Spain then did not have a maritime culture as in later generations, so they borrowed sailors and explorers, notably Columbus, from the Republic of Genoa which had a rich maritime culture as well as experienced in colonies having colonies and trade outposts in Crimea and lesbos in greece/turkey as well as a founding member of the trade league competing against the Serene Republic of Venice for trade dominance in the Mediterranean.
@@MrSiddharthaSaha lol Columbus learned everything he knew about navigation in Portugal, the man even spoke Portuguese fluently, his letters were in Portuguese and Castilian and he married a Portuguese woman noble woman and lived many years in Madeira. And well you know upon return from his voyage the first king he went to see and have a chat was the King of Portugal. Genoa can't claim his exploits
I'm Portuguese, and I'm proud of our history, but I would love to see an Iberian Federation of independent states become true in my lifetime.
Ok traidor
Isso não existe homem, nem nunca existiu
Olha para a Espanha nos dias de hoje... não é igual à Suiça. Há ali um povo que domina os outros, eles não estão em pé de igualdade.
Lol what for?
Well the European Union is pretty much that
FYI:
the word "viceroy:, is pronounce "vice-roy", long "i" not short "i".
not, "viss-uh-roy".
Portugal 🇵🇹💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕
Spain 🇪🇦🇪🇦🇪🇦🇪🇦
Had the Spanish treated their Portuguese partners better, the union might have lasted to today.
The problem with Spain was the wars so they did not have any choice. I think the union came in the worst moment possible.
Sooner or later they had to split. There were many countries that didn't want such a Superpower: England, France, even the Dutch that were already in their process of independence...
@@zamirroa good point
did anyone else notice those enormous home run hitting chins?
Ba-granza (Braganza)
Visseroy (Vice-Roy)
The 2:40 is the best thing in the video also it wasn't called the sultanat of Morocco it was the saaidis sultanat the land is called Morocco by westerners and by Arabs al Maghreb and sultanats came and went
In Northern Portugal we still call Morocco, "Magrebe" and it's inhabitants "Magrebinos".
Siuuuu
Siuuu
It's Sim
Not siuuuu......
@@brunobaia7898 e verdade mas todos os memes até Ronaldo próprio nos vídeos escreve siuuu deves simmm que faz mais sentido
The second Spain annexed portugal it should’ve instantly sold Netherlands to the French. Let German, French, Dutch and British fight it out while protecting colonies and peninsula.
please a video about the collapse of the British empire
This pretty much screwed Portugal long term because of the conflicts with the English, French and Dutch. Furthermore, the Spanish never gave Ceuta back.
Ceuta still uses the Portuguese flag
Ceuta decided to stay as part of Spain
@@leviton6552 What about Olivença? Did they say they want to be part of Spain?
@@keithathaide9793 Go and ask them
@@keithathaide9793 That is another history...
Maybe a Brazilian helped the guy who is speaking in the video with the Portuguese names 🤣🤣🤣 because he is pronouncing with a Brazilian accent, even though is still pretty strong the American accent 😅😅😅
The Brazilian accent is super annoying.
You made gum powder explode fore vulture poppy pants.
The war against dutch invasion of northeastern Brazil is seen as the birth of brazilian army because of the lack of spanish help that lead to it been fought just by portuguese and brazilians
Phillip was the king of two kingdoms, there were never a real union.
Wouldn't like to see our oldest ally get swallowed up by Spain Though saying that one thing my Nation and Spain do have in common a few National identities and cultures under a banner and name as being one Nation.
Blessings to Portugal & Spain from a place called Brum!!
Iberian Union failure may have resulted in Portugal and Spain having their own specialities.
Just play EU4 and youll learn evrything on the iberian wedding and union with portugal.
The Spanish were never good at admin.
Hearing him say "Alfonzo" when referring to our king was bad.
Hearing him say Portuguese names with bad Brazilian accent was equally bad.
But surviving his pronouncing "Montijo" 9:00 as if it was a Spanish word required a super-human effort.
(And by the way, the 4th battle in that list should be Montes Claros, not Montes Carlos...)
The Battle of Montijo was not in Portugal, but in Spain, not far from Badajoz.
@@Dijas Thank goodness! I feel like resuscitating!
he did a good effort
@@GazilionPT Ridiculous, you don't even know what you are talking about and yet you come here to take pain from it lmao
I feel ya, brother 😣
I am Portuguese
top 10 saddest anime deaths
Yo como española no me gustaría una Unión Ibérica..
Que sean dos Países diferentes me parece bien....aunque compartamos la misma Península....
@Anfifelo hahaha try it lil boy
@Anfifelo a mí como no me lo traduzcan en español lo tengo claro,en el bachillerato estudie Francés...
@@mariaamparo9781 Concordo!!!!
Muito Obrigado Vizinha.
Somos Bons Vizinhos e Já Está Bom Assim.
Ninguém Quer Uma União Ibérica.
Respeito e Saudações aos Espanhóis.
🇵🇹🤝🏻🇪🇦
@Anfifelo Portugal Não Apoia o Separatismo Catalão.
Somos Neutros. ;)
E eu sendo Portuguesa, também não sou a favor da União Ibérica. Somos diferentes em todos os aspetos e a nossa independência é sagrada.
que hermoso hubiera sido que la Unión Ibérica nunca se hubiese separado, el poder Latinoeuropeo y Latinoamericano en el mundo seria mucho mas fuerte actualmente y tal vez la cultura dominante en el mundo hubiese sido Latina
Para quê? Não me parece uma boa escolha, alguém quereria ser a força dominante.
50 years geographic satisfaction 😌
Sometimes I wonder: if The spaniards would have discovered gold in Brazil back then (The europeans only had discovered it in The end of the XVII century), would They Let Portugal go so “easily “????
they "didn´t let Portugal go so easy"... they were defeated several times. Also Spain had no rights on Brazil...It was the portuguese crown who was ruling Brazil...to get in Brazil, Spain needed Portugal
It's impressive that Spain has held together as long as it has. Iberia is the Balkans of the West.
The Basques and Catalans have wanted independence for centuries. Galicia has strong cultural and linguistic ties to Portugal. Gibraltar belongs to England. Asturias still has nostalgia for the old kingdom. There's even a north-south divide between Castille and Andalucia. And Portugal, of course, has always needed to be master of its own destiny.
Portugal 🇵🇹, the most epic little country on the planet.
Nationalisms in Spain only appeared at the end of the 19th century and the only ones that have a minimum relevance today are Catalonia and the Basque Country. The others you mentioned are residual movements
@@leviton6552 Fair enough. But that's probably what they said of Yugoslavia before it all went to hell. History runs deep.
@@TagusMan Yugoslavia was an artificial country created by the winners of the First World War, Spain has been united for centuries, it will have to change a lot for a Balkanization to take place
They fought the ottomans in the Indian ocean. Held on to their possessions in India stubbornly. Feisty fellows.
"Basques and Catalans have wanted independence for centuries" sorry but that is just a complete falsehood. All spanish nationalisms were born during the 19th century.
My name is Lucas Santiago Lima. I'm from Brazil. My name came from the Iberian Union time. San Tiago (Saint James) is spanish. Lima is portuguese. San Tiago was put together, like Santiago. It's a normal name in Portugal now. So i am part portuguese and spanish.
Morocco was bigger than that
I wonder if Spanish would have become the official language and overcome Portuguese in the mainland, but the colonies and later the south American countries kept Portuguese, that would have been interesting