Lydia Sardes: City where money was born | Ancient Cities #54 with Eng Sub

Article: Sardes: History, Architecture and Urbanism - Fikret K. Yegül
It was founded between the northern skirts of the ancient Sardes Tmolos Mountains (Bozdağlar) and the southern extension of the Hermos (Gediz Stream) plain, east of the Paktolos Stream (Sart Stream) valley. The former East-West Persian ‘King's Way’ divided the Sardes into the “Upper City” leaning on the northern slopes of the acropolis and the “lower city ılan spread to the plain. Stone and adobe city walls dating back to the Archaic/Lydian era included an area of ​​108 hectares. The ruins of the Lydian era, walls, tumuli, tombs, terrace walls, Gold Treatment Facilities in Paktolos Valley can be dated to the 7th and 6th centuries BC. The Persian domination in the city continued from 547 BC to Alexander the conquest of the city in 334 BC. The Helen/Ionia culture, which began after Alexander in the city, continued with Seleukos I in 281 BC and made Sardes and the region in 281 BC and made Sardes a capital at the western end of the empire.
The most magnificent architectural and religious monument of the city is thought to have been made by King Antiochos I and Queen Stratonike between 280-260 BC. The temple, which was completed only in the Hellenistic period, was finished only in the Cella, but it was brought into a gigantic pseudodipteros by taking the cult of Hadrianus Sardes in 124 AD, but it was not finished. A great theater in the Hellenistic era; During the Roman period, a group of stadiums and columned terrace, which made a group with it, was built on the temple of cult cult and a gigantic bath-gymnasion on the marble street in the plain.
The location and short date of the ancient city of Sardes
Although it was known that Sardes usually gave a look of mudbrick and rubble stone during the Lydian Kingdom, it also came to the fore with its civilization, wealth and wisdom of its people. However, he was known as a sophisticated city known for his fondness for demonstration and luxury. The poet Alkman, who wrote at the end of the 7th century BC, described the Sardes people as follows: “You are not such a stupid, rude and unknown person, you are the man of a high place like Sardes!”.
According to Herodotus, the ancestors of Sardes and Sardes are the dynasty of the Heraklides who came from Heracles and dates back to the late Bronze Age. When the last king of this dynasty Kandaules secretly watched the beauty of the queen with a strange desire to the commander of the guard regiment, Gyges, the Queen, who realized this work, ordered Gyges to kill her husband and to sit on the throne of the kingdom if she wants to live. Thus, in Sardes 680 BC, Gyges and the Mermnad Dynasty period began. This dynasty was famous for his richness and strength, especially in the time of his last king Kroisos. The king, which is one of the Paktolos waters, is known for his generous donations to many ion and Greek society, the temple of Ephesus Artemis, and even to the Housing of Apollo in Delphoi. Kroisos, who rely on his strength, caused him to wage war on the kingdom of Persia, and both himself and his country were defeated by Kyros by Kyros, Kyros, in 546 BC, and thus the Persians to dominate the Anatolian lands. Sardes, which lost its independence, has become a further police station of the Persians in the west, a satrap center.
During the Persian period (547-334 BC), the administration gathered in the acropolis, which was a military center, and a Sardes “Castle City” became a garrison that observed the territory of the Persian Empire in the west. Out -of -city religious centers and the sacred areas honoring the old gods of the city have not lost its importance.
Nicomedian (Izmit) writes that the Macedonian general seized Sardes in 334 BC without using force in 334 BC. According to Arrianos, after accepting the Lydian elderly who came to deliver the Iranian castle commander and the city key surrendered to the acropolis, the Artemis seems to be below his feet, then looking at the Lydian lands in the Far Hermos Plain, now they are now free from his ancestors. Lydia says that they can revive their traditions again, as they wish.
Perhaps the most important geopolitical event for Sardes immediately after the death of Alexander the Great was the Macedonian princess who escaped from his country between 320-308 BC, the daughter of the epiros queen Olympias, the sister of Alexander II. Cleopatra has hosted twelve years. In fact, Cleopatra, who lived in some kind of exile in Sardes, was killed by Antigonos Monophthalmos to prevent possible marriage to Egyptian judge Ptolemy. The “one-eyed” Antigonos organized a magnificent funeral to the princess to cover his treachery. However, it is not known where this monumental tomb is.
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