Air France 4590: Concorde’s Infamous Crash
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- čas přidán 30. 06. 2024
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On the 25th of July 2000 the world changed forever. With the first fatal crash of a Concorde since it first came into service, the confidence in the worlds only super sonic passenger jet was shattered. But what actually happened on during that fateful takeoff of Air France Flight 4590 in Charles de Gaulle Airport in France? What cased the huge fire and the eventual loss of controls?
In this video I will go to the bottom of all the little details that led up to this crash, I hope you will find it interesting.
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Below you will find the links to videos and sources used in this episode. Enjoy checking them out!
Concorde 1969: @ André Cros
www.aerotime.aero/upload/file...
Concorde 1969 2: @ AFP 2021
sputniknews.com/20170721/conc...
CDG: @ NEW NEWS
n00news.wordpress.com/2010/10...
airfrance check in: @ caen-airport.com
caen-airport.com/check
Aircraft Maintenance @ gla.ac.uk
www.cud.ac.ae/sites/default/fi...
Memorial site: @ Christopher P. Hood
hoodcp.wordpress.com/2020/07/...
Wires: @ lectromec.com
d2wwvh76f5odon.cloudfront.net...
Concorde in flight: @airlineratings.com
www.airlineratings.com/news/c...
9-11: @ AP Photo/Chao Soi Cheong
ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/di...
Last Concorde: @ Pedro Aragão
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
CFA1VX7XZ1G8FFY7
00:00 - Intro
00:36 - A Marvel of Engineering
03:36 - The Fuel System
04:41 - Performance Penalty
06:13 - Cockpit Inspections
07:11 - Engines Start
08:28 - The DC-10
10:40 - The Taxi to 26-R
13:51 - The Line Up
15:05 - 121 Seconds
19:03 - Watch Out!
23:08 - Airborne
25:33 - Uncommanded Roll
27:13 - Too Late
27:13 - The Jigsaw Begins
30:00 - Offset Landing Gear?
31:55 - The DC-10 / Continental Airlines
32:58 - Crew Performance
34:30 - Conclusions
One of my classmates died in that flight. We were 8 at the time, so when our teacher told us that he wouldn't be back after the holidays, we didn't really grasp it and just were sad about him dying. Since this was before the wide spread of the internet and we were kids, I never knew the details of the crash until I accidentally stumbled over this video today. His last moments must have been so horrifying.
His name was Michael Kahle, he just finished 2nd grade, loved soccer (especially Borussia Mönchengladbach and trading soccer cards) and joked a lot. I think, I'll pay his grave a visit soon.
It must have been difficult to post this but I appreciate your sharing your memories. For you to remember him so clearly he must have been a really good kid. I am very sorry for your loss.
You are a good person, I like it that you shared this with us random anonymous posters in the comments section.
When you visit his grave, please think about it that way too, that when such thing happens so quickly in an aircraft, it was more a sense of optimistic disbelief than a sense of fear that overwhelmed his last moments feelings.
His last hours at the Airport and his last days preparing the wonderful journey were all joy and excitement.
Rest in Peace, Michael Kahle!
WALL st ruins everything it touches,,when food "service' companies started growing bigger & getting traded on Wall st quality & employee payroll s went down.Boeing is a BIG example of that Wall St scum gthat demanded those planes be designed on a budget...killed all those people for Greed
I'm so sorry for your loss.
Rest in Peace Michael Kahle...
And all those on Board on that fateful day also the people on the Ground at the Hotel complex
Im not an aviation nerd but ever since i started watching your channel ive never once complained about flight delays
Rather be alive than late 😅
Ahh the DC-10. Not only dangerous to itself, but dangerous to every other plane around it.
I remember the news report as a kid. Even if it was expensive, it was such a beautiful plane.
I don't think, logically, you can call it "dangerous to every other plane around it" for something that is a maintainence issue.
For that matter, once you get past thje design issues that were fixed after the relevant accident, it went on to have fewer hull losses statistically (for all subtypes) than the 737, and even the A320!
The flying coffin!
Dont belittle the DC-10.
It was rivet heads that were worn down which held the titanium strip on to the reverser cowling. The strip departed because of insufficient rivets heads to hold it on.
Even the DC-10's most famous accident in Chicago was caused by a maintenance problem. The crack caused by that maintenance problem was also present in several Continental Airlines DC-10s immediately after the American Airlines disaster. It could just as easily have been one of their DC-10s that had the same failure as American Airlines 191.
Here the lax maintenance standards at Continental Airlines actually resulted in consequences.
The DC-10 was an excellent aircraft that fell victim by majority to negligent maintenance practices and procedures.
This episode and your episode on Tenerife are some of the finest aviation documentaries I've ever watched, seriously better than many I've seen on TV.
Same
Without doubt
Yeah, the TV ones is mostly full of unnecessary fillers and drama
Almost didn’t watch it ,seeing that it was 37 mins and I had read about this crash .But once I started ,stayed glued and did not skip a second .Beautifully explained.
Thank you! So happy you thought so
How could you think about not watching any of Mentour Captains great videos no matter the length!
@@Sajin688 Theres a few creators that are on my short list of the longer the better, Petter is an anchor member of my top 3. Low-key jealous of the future pilots that have the fortune of being his students
@@wraith8323 I like his thorough explanation about each contributing factor to this catostrophic ending to a magnificient marvel.
His mentoring should be heeded by up and coming pilots and even the veterans as well!
RIP to all of the crew and passengers.
My Dr Dr Quinta was on that flight
DC-10, a plane so troubled that when it’s not crashing itself it’s crashing others.
For the many DC-10/11 design problems, it's not right to blame McDonnell-Douglas for Continental's shitty maintenance.
Yeah, now look at Boeing. That's how Mcdonnell Douglas destroyed aviation. MAX profit at MAX probability of in flight crashes.
It's cursed.
Yeah. After becoming an aviation enthusiast years ago, I vowed never to fly on any DC aircraft. Maintenance, bad design that made them unstable (which has been talked about in one of the incidents on this channel), or whatever it was, they always seemed to be finding their way into the ground. No thank you, I’ll stay away from these cursed aircraft.
The Concorde was built so weak that it's own tires can catastrophically destroy the aircraft.
As someone who owns several bikes and forgot a spacer or two on reassemble - the tremendous stakes riding on each and every component in aircrafts never cease to amaze.
That is why us aircraft engineers get such thorough training
One small detail which was missed out was the day Concord did it's first test flight with the new modifications was September 11, 2001. The Concord flew from the UK, over the Atlantic and then back to the UK. The pilots only realised about the terrorist attacks when they returned. The biggest tragedy in the Concord story was that when it was announced they were folding, everybody wanted tickets to fly Concord again and the last flight was sold out. Thanks for your detailed explanation.
Should never have been grounded after the crash and certainly after the refit they should have been allowed to continue in service
Air France never really made their Concordes a success,Airbus withdrawing COA was the final nail in the coffin for this magnificent aircraft.
it was way too loud, especially early mornings where it would wake up everyone, it was a major nightmare for, many residents, especially near airports ,
@@freetheworld12I lived in Kingston-upon-Thames for 10 years during Concorde. Never bothered me.
Not trist-attacks ... INSIDE shadow-govt job!
@@squirrelmanning7889
Good for you specifically… not everyone is you.
I don’t live near an airport but loud planes wake me up… super irritating. Can’t imagine being woken up by sonic booms regularly…
I started flying at age 16 and recently retired from aviation at age 72 and your series is the BEST of its kind that I've encountered in accuracy, clarity, depth, and content. Exceptional sir! Exceptional!
this is truly an amazing channel that i just found out by chance.
That is very impressive. 56 years of flight experience, you must’ve flown so many different models of planes throughout the years and experienced both all the innovations and tragedies in the airspace insustry! I hope you have a great retirement.
I tell people about this channel.... I've been watching it from the start..... Love it
Flying till 72. Wow
wow
My wife and I were flying Air France from Munich to London with about a 2 hour layover in Paris. As we waited, we talked to a few of the other passengers waiting to catch their flights. Some were going to London with us. Others were headed for Copenhagen. One American couple and one German couple we talked with were going to fly to New York. We boarded before the other flights. As we walked down the entryway we could see our plane to the left. To the right boarding later we could see the sleek Concorde. We commented that it was too bad we could not fly the Concorde to London, then laughed that we were taking the poor man’s plane.
We arrived in London and stayed at a bed and breakfast. We told the hosts we flew in from Paris. They turned the TV on and it was showing coverage of the crash of the SST.
To this day I remember that my first thoughts were that we had talked to people that were on that flight and that our plane could have been the one with the tragic ending.
@@voltydequa845 Da fak...? Not funny bro.
@@vejet 1. knowledge 2. (kind of) sense of humour. 3. it is not nice to try censoring by means of "not funny"
@@voltydequa845 How about, "plain dumb"?
@@NYCBG It all depends on reciprocal depth of thought.
Great creepypasta
Having just read the book by the former BA chief Concord pilot I think there's only one important fact missing in this excellent video and that's that the pierced tank should not have been completely full. That was a procedure sometimes done to get more fuel on board but it allowed the mentioned shock induced movement within the tank that eventually led to it bursting. That one was on the crew/PIC.
John Hutchinson points to pilot error also in his CZcams video covering the subject
Wasn't it also mentioned that they overloaded the plane with newspapers that weren't on the manifest?
I remember being in the paris airport seeing the concorde take off, which was amazing to watch. Then a few years later this tragedy occurred and pretty much put an end to its legacy. You did a great job of putting this report together, thanks
I watched it take off from JFK one day. Long story from when I was young and crazy!😂
My one and only Concorde flight was on this exact same aircraft with the exact same crew 1 month before the crash. I'll never forget the beautiful, elegant flight attendant in her pearl necklace. After lunch was served she learned I was a travel agent with a group on board and she invited me to the flight deck Mid-Atlantic to meet the Captain. (Remember, this was pre-9/11 when you could do that.)
That's pretty cool
How fast do you think that pearl necklace melted in the fireball?
@@SurvivingAnotherDay wtf is wrong with you?
@@SurvivingAnotherDay Wow. I feel so bad for bursting out with laughter there.
I enjoyed your comment very much, how elegantly written, so i'm disgusted at some of the crass replies you got , you did'nt deserve that. 😖🗨
My wife's aunt was aboard the Concorde that crashed. We were in close contact with her. We frequently visited each other both in Germany and here in Minnesota. She had called us the day before and told us that she was on her way to an Amazon River Cruise and would be changing planes in New York. The group was too large to all fly on the Concorde so the tour group had a lottery to select those who would fly on the Concorde. My wife's aunt won a seat. She was very excited and sent us her itinery. We were close to her and shared her excitment. We were thinking of her as we saw a news flash on the TV about the crash. It was a real shock. It happened so fast, we hope she was drinking Champagne at the time. Air France called my wife and made arrangements for her to meet the Air France "consoler" who accompanied her to the fumeral in Munich. We miss her so very much.
Sorry. Such a heartbreaking story. Thank you for sharing anyway. May they all rest in peace.
Such a tragedy
May she rest in peace..
Chanhassen?
F
You are one of the most amazing story tellers. I've seen and read material on many of the crashes you cover, but i still can't stop watching your videos. Heading out from a pilots perspective is amazing. And the way you tell the stories makes it even better.
I was working at a major airline res center during this time, and I remember walking past the break room to see dozens of people standing and watching the TV in horror. I thought "Oh no, there's been a crash." Absolutely awful day. We all felt so terrible for those aboard the aircraft and everyone at Air France.
This one made me more sad that any other story, not only did a lot of people tragically lose their lives in a horrible and totally avoidable accident...... it was the beginning of the end of the flying career of probably the greatest, the most glamorous, the most famous, the most beautiful and iconic aircraft in aviation history.
Concorde was expected to remain in passenger service until around 2010, by which time it is likely that the airframes of all the British Airways and Air France SSTs would have reached their permitted numbers of Hours Flown and Cycles Completed, which together governed the safe Metal Fatigue Lifetime Limitations. The Gonesse Mishap did not, despite many Intenet statements to the contrary, affect these plans. The end of service in 2003 was actually caused by the unilateral action of Airbus, when it unforeseeably reneged upon its Treaty Obligations to provide the necessary support for supplying Certified Maintenance and Repair Parts and Materials for the Type. Without such a mandatory system in place, no Concorde could receive Annual Airworthiness Certification for 2004 or beyond, and no paying passengers could be carried any longer. Fortunately, 18 or the 20 Concordes built still exist, the majority are on public display, and the SST is unlikely ever to be forgotten.
@@johnstedman4075 Am I correct in thinking that the Americans have been resurrecting the supersonic option for aircraft industry? I thought I’d seen models of one that they’d made. It was to be bigger than Concorde but with amazing similarities in the design features.
@@AlanFielding-jc1tb You are correct, I wouldn't be surprised if the Americans have succeeded.
@@AlanFielding-jc1tb @Jamezy316 While we are constantly looking into super Sonic passenger planes I don't believe we have much more than prototypes.
We did however have an experimental super sonic bomber being tested called the XB-70 Valkyrie back in 1969. It has strong similarities with the Concorde aside from some new air foils and more engines.
The logistics and abilities of supersonic passenger aircraft is just hard to get into as most airports, aside from of the major international ones, cannot accommodate for the needed runway length for takeoff and landing.
Just because we may have some airports that can accommodate those needs we also have to include the fact that intended destinations would also need to have these accomodations.
Personal Opinion:
Maybe a large scale cable system similar to that on an aircraft carrier could be designed to assist with landing distances.
It’s not an SR-71 it was a massive noisy polluter for the rich to brag that they’ve flown on and it never made economic sense
Cheers
my dad flew on the concorde once from London to New York. He said it took only about 4 hours and it was basically all first class. The cutlery was all real silver and he said it got really hot during takeoff and landing. I wish they'd bring it back so I can fly on it one time... what a magnificent piece of work...
I wanna go with you then.
An American company is currently developing a supersonic aircraft for civil transportation. It is designed to fly at Mach 1.7 and carry up to 68 passengers.
@@anguyom where can we keep track of any developments on that, perhaps the company name?
It’s only a matter of time before it comes back don’t worry
@@v1nigra3 it’s been 23 years ,it’s not coming back.
It wasn’t economically feasible to fly back then and it wouldn’t be now.
As always, gut wrenching when the crew does everything right and are doomed out of pure happenstance. Rip to all those people and amazing coverage. You’re by far my favorite aviation channel and always do these justice
For an alternative perspective on the crew’s actions I must recommend you read the book “Concorde” by Mike Bannister. It points out some serious mistakes not covered here. It also goes into more detail about the motives of French investigating authorities in apportioning blame and ensuring Concorde had no future with Air France.
The crew, at least partially, were to blame. If you read Mike Bannisters' book, he explains it in simple to understand terms.
I’m pretty sure I’ve watched every single video of yours, I’m so fascinated with why and how air crashes happen. Nobody explains it better than you.. I wait eagerly for each video to come out. Thank you for all your work that you put into each video.
same lol
I was on the flight (Paris to Dulles) that was to take off immediately after flight 4590. Wife and I had waited to board with the passengers. We were boarding when the accident happened and the passenger behind me saw it happen. That was one quiet ride to DC.
That must have been quite the experience. Brrrrrrr
My best friend called me in Miami and asked me what my opinion was on Concorde... I'm an aviator at heart and was active pilot there at the time... He then opened up to me, he had just lost both his parents, his sister, her life partner and their young son plus 1 more... father was a successful bus entrepreneur contracting line bus services to the City of Munich. Liebe Familie S., RIP
Blame the French, not the aircraft
Your work is incredibly well researched, prepared and delivered. That’s a very impressive video. Thank you.
This was an excellent assessment of the Concorde tragedy. I saw the Concorde fly low over Rhode Island on its way to landing at T.F. Green Airport around 1989. It was a beautiful sight to witness the plane come in low and relatively slow while making its approach.
I really enjoy this series. You don't sensationalize anything, it's all fact based, and you treat it as a learning experience. I hope you're okay with doing this series as well. The topic of deeply exploring accidents of your fellow pilots cannot be easy. I saw a lot of sadness in your eyes after talking about the loss of life. I just wanted to say that I appreciate the videos and at the same time, I hope that they aren't a mental burden to produce. Take care of yourself! Thanks for the content :)
Exactly
Yep, this saddens me a bit too even by only watching it. The worst thing (in the broadest imaginable meaning) I had to experience while flying as a passenger was a go around because of some apparently minor landing gear issues which were solved before the next approach. So I have absolutely no business to complain about aviation safety
I couldn‘t say it better! This summarizes perfectly this amount of respect, careness and commitment to the topic with heart and soul. Thank you!
@@Great-Documentaries He pretty much has to do that to work within the boundaries of the CZcams algorithm… or so I think. What do I know? Lol
@@Great-Documentaries this is what the mighty youtube algorithms wish
When I was seven years old, I was given a tour of a Concorde on the ground at Dulles Airport. I never flew on the plane, but I did get to meet the captain and even go into the cockpit. About six months later, a friend of my dad’s had me as a passenger in his Cessna. We were cleared for takeoff when we were told to hold because a Concorde needed to go in front of us. I still remember what it was like seeing it pull up, and then the afterburners glowing as it went into the sky. I also remember that the angle of launch was more like a rocket than an airplane.
It always looked to me more like a rocket taking off too!
You are very lucky man, getting to see that must've been amazing.
L
I remember with emotion the time i worked for Air France at Dulles airport when we received the plane we donated to the Smithsonian on its last flight.
How the concorde engineers cried when they bled that beautiful plane of its hydraulic fluid, essentially killing it.
And how every airport staff including the police chiefs came to pay hommage to it.
Touching memories.
I recommend visiting the air and space museum in Dulles where that concorde is on permanent display.
Absolutely awesome video detailing a horrible tragedy. I learned a lot and greatly appreciate you posting this. Videos of this quality are few and far between on CZcams. Easily one of the best crash investigation videos I’ve ever seen. Amazing work. Thanks again!
I retired two years ago after a 40 year career in aviation, thirty three years at Continental/United Airlines. It’s needless to say but in this case I will; I’ve read a lot of accident investigations during my career and I am completely impressed with your presentation! Keep up the good work!
Did you ever teach piloting.
Pilots giving their all to the very end always gets to me. Never giving up. Such bravery that needs more attention. My heart goes out to all lives lost and their families.
I know it sounds stupid but they arent going to just give up are they.
@@leedrummond164 many people would think you’d just give up on trying because you know you’re going to die anyway
Well what else are they supposed to do? There lives are at stake too..... never get these kinda comments. There's not just gonna sit there with there arm crossed. We'd all do the same
trying to save themselves
Pilots don’t think of the passengers, if their lives are at stake they will try and save theirs
My uncle was part of this investigation as one of the engineers for the tire manufacturer. It was the most stressful period of his life. The closer you push any complex system to the edges of it's engineering margins, the less fault tolerant that system becomes, and the more likely a failure will be catastrophic. this crash and loss of life deeply affected people al over the world. The concord was such a marvel of engineering.
Love hearing your story. My uncle [Godfather] who was (as he recently just retired) the principle quality engineer at Northrop Grumman who worked on the James Webb Space Telescope that recently went up into space on 25Dec2021, mentioned that his job was really stressful too. Can you image such engineering wonders these manmade machines are and the level of intelligence our uncles have.
Erica: "The closer you push any complex system to the edges of its engineering margins, the less fault tolerant that system becomes, and the more likely a failure will be catastrophic." 🖒🤠
So your Uncle helped develop the Tyres for Concorde ?
@@1SmokingLizard Amazing Intelligence to develop something that flys so fast through the air - Mind Blowing that Humans created this Engineering Beast.
They should have done a better job copying the plane from the TU-144. And in fact do what both the Americans and the Russians did, abandon the project. I'm afraid the real perpetrator is the guy who allowed the Concorde to continue to fly.
Incredibly beautiful plane. My family and I flew it London-Washington in Feb 1982. So sad that it ended the way it did. Thank you for your detailed video.
I've watched quite a few videos about this accident, but not a single one was as thorough and well made as this one! Fantastic work you did here (and in your other videos of course :)
Sad fact is a broken part from the most infamous aircraft destroyed the most famous.
The broken wires idea doesn't fit because it would have triggered an alarm in the systems.
It's running costs destroyed Concorde.
It could have been updated had there been interest and money.
Once Fuel Tank 5 was breached, the Master Alarm would have tripped because a cascade of system failures would have begun to occur in the port wing and the temperature sensors alone would have alerted the flight crew to the location and likely nature of the emergency. The crew silenced the Alarm quickly so that they could communicate and think more productively in the rapidly escalating crisis. Whether the severed wiring or the heat from one of the port engines ignited the fire is largely moot, since approximately 100 litres of fuel was escaping and atomising each second and there were numerous ways in which ignition could have occurred. PF Christian Marty, who contrary to logic had only 317 hours on type (whereas the First Officer had 2,698 hours) then, having made a number of dubious decisions pre-flight, proceeded to make the key errors that would doom his aircraft.
@@5Andysalive The entire remaining fleet of airworthy Concordes, seven at British Airways and five at Air France, were fully updated to the required standards and flew scheduled services and charters again from 2002 to 2003. It was the world downturn in the aviation sector caused by the 9/11 terrorist atrocities that caused Concorde to then cease operations. If 9/11 had not occurred, it is probable that the SST would have continued in service until late in the decade, by which time the limits of Flight Hours and Cycles would mean an end to operations with the type. Most likely, Concorde would have ended its career in 2008, due to the many effects of the global banking crisis that year.
TFOA can happen with ANY aircraft and probably happens more than people realize. It was poor maintenance practices that caused this mishap, not the "infamous" DC-10.
@@scottmurphy650 Yes, the things that Runway Inspections turn up are amazing and sometimes scary. If the Management at Charles de Gaulle had rescheduled the earlier RI instead of cancelling it, and had done that just after the Continental had departed, things may have been different. It still surprises me that an RI was not an SOP just before every SST takeoff and landing at any airport in the world. You are right that Air France made a diabolical mistake by leaving out a part when they maintained the left main undercarriage, and that the wear strip on the DC10 was a poorly fitted and uncertified component, and that the 'Supervisors' in both cases dropped the ball appallingly. In my judgement, the primary causes of the mishap were the many dubious actions (and inactions) of the Concorde Flight Crew, and the primary cause of the Concorde fleet being grounded for good in 2003 was the economic aftermath of 9/11.
One of the things I love about these videos is I feel like I'm being spoken with, rather than instructed. It feels like a conversation, not a lecture.
Well done, Captain. Thank you.
Exactly, and it's not like those made for television shows where they rehash all the facts after the ad breaks just to fluff it up to a time schedule.
That’s what I’m trying yo do!
I think this is one of the single biggest things separating mentor pilot from some other CZcams pilots. A modest tone rather than a sometimes condescending (albeit unintentional) one from others.
i like how he never makes me feel stupid even though i haven't really a clue about any of this
Lectures have their place, they suit me. This sounds like entertainment, bit like The Beano. I want people to get to the point not listen to a load of pap.
Your videos are so informative and fascinating. You tell the story so well and I will be here for more content.
This is the first time I have heard a detailed and very clear, concise explanation of of flight 4590 and it comes from a Pilot's perspective! I personally remember so clearly that event and it was tragic for those lost and their families and at the same time for the whole body of people connected to Concorde. It was the pinnacle of Aeronautical Engineering of it's time.
I feel Honored I once flew London - NYC in 1991. I took it after saving up because I thought I would splurge just the once to experience arriving before I left. I recall sitting in a very low to the floor bucket seat rather like a sports car, that it was a remarkable feeling being pressed back as we broke the sound barrier. My forebears crossed in Ships that took days and now here I was doing a once in a lifetime thing in a few hours. I am naturally always horrified by fatal crashes, but this one in particular hurt my heart. May their memories be a blessing to those left behind. 🙏🏻
A beautiful expression Annie.
Days.... Try Weeks and Months.
I was sailing offshore on a calm sunny day when a bang made me think we were under fire, it was sonicboom from Concorde
I don't think I would,d have grown in Concorde after the accident
@@justinsmith4562 The duration to travel westbound from Europe to North America when a new transport innovation was introduced for commercial use is listed below:[21]
1620: 66 days: Mayflower (Southampton to Cape Cod)
1838: 18 days 4 hours: paddle steamer SS Sirius (Cork to New York City)
1863: 8 days 3 hours: single screw steamship RMS Scotia (Queenstown to New York City)
1889: 5 days 19 hours: double screw steamship SS City of Paris (Queenstown to Sandy Hook)
1907: 4 days 20 hours: steam turbine-equipped steamship: RMS Lusitania (Queenstown to Sandy Hook)
1929: 4 days 3 hours: bulbous bow-equipped steamship: SS Bremen (Cherbourg to Ambrose
Elegant upscale ships usually took 5 days most of my life. That was a spectacular speed compared to Mayflower!
I remember the Concorde fondly. I had the opportunity to experience it on a daily basis when I worked at JFK airport during the 1980s. Takeoff time is seared into my consciousness to this very day. 2pm everyday . Takeoffs literally shook the entire airport as well as the neighborhoods around the airport for miles in every direction
I remember seeing this in a aerospace museum and it was kinda interesting of reading the article facts
Great recollection!
Funny americans always making things sound more hectic then what they are.
Or maybe our plane just sounded different in the US then what it did in EU
@@Reginald-Erasmus I lived about 5 miles away from JFK and on my off days I could hear the Concord taking off at 2pm from my house
@@Reginald-Erasmus Funny EUs with chips on their shoulder who probably never even heard or experienced a Concorde takeoff, or even taken the time to visit a museum to see such an amazing piece of aeronautical history jn person; yet has such strong opinions for no reason. Funny EUs.
Loved the video and how you handled the tragedy. Also enjoyed your lack of the typical 'like and subscribe' at the end, and subtle nod visually while still offering more info. Got yourself a lifetime sub here
Glad you mention about the missing spacer - there was also a 'mudguard' thing that BA fitted, but AF didn't
As a professional pilot of over 41 years, mostly on international jets I have to say this was one was one of the best I have ever watched. Well done!
Next is the 747 botch job haha
@@Killereggman "International jets"? That term is not colloquially correct among actual pilots. You're not an airline pilot, troll.
No kidding well done indeed. U pilots all rock !!!
I am a humble health worker with zero knowledge about aircraft engineering. And even I was able to follow this. I found it incredibly well structured for the lay person to follow.
@@largefolder Kenneth, the 'troll' above is Capt. Terry McCarthy, retired American Airlines...Kenneth, do your research!
I shall never forget this crash...such a disaster....on so many levels. I also read the story of a girl who jumped out of the hotel window as the Concorde crashed the building, escaping with just a foot fracture if I remember it well.
horrible times for for so many people and horrible times for the aviation history!
thanks for sharing
Happy for that girl who escaped
I WAS in Europe when the concorde crashed I was in complete denial, saw it in dutch newspaper
I just found out this excellent channel and I want to thank you very much for sharing your precious knowledge. I’m a big fan of Mayday episodes, I like to be uptaded with what’s going on with the aviation industry and airplane disasters, and you are doing an excelent work, you detailed everything and that’s what makes the difference to me, and your knowledge as a pilot it’s a must have.
I know everything can happen and it’s more complicated than it seems regarding airplane crashes, but definitely as long as it’s flown by a competent crew and maintained by competent mechanics that is the difference.
Wishing you smooth sailings through clear blue skyes!
I’ve never read the comments section for so long on a video. I appreciate everyone adding more information and sharing their experiences.
I must have watched dozens of videos about the Concorde, but you managed to teach me some new interesting details. Thank you!
I watched only one about 1 year ago and I already knew everything that was said here. Unfortunately I dont remember which channel the first video was on :/
He has left out many important details, he's no engineer some of his analysis is total rubbish.
@@coyote5735 ok,so I am waiting for your video.
@@aliceswanderland Go do some reading, don't be so lazy. I have read the official report and I have had access to evidence the French chose not to admit. I'll give you a clue start with the overhaul of the left wheel bogie by AF mechanics. Look up the firemen eye witness reports.
@@aliceswanderland OMG Alice. He's right. He not some loser living in his mum's flat and trolling CZcams as a cartoon coyote. He really does have access to official reports and secret information multiple governments don't want you to know about. Plus those firemen saw something...several kilometers away from their fire station. They saw something and it's up to us to find out. It's to you, me and Nicolas Cage to fly to France and meet codename: coyote's Brittish contacts that have info that is not total "rubbish". Are you with me?
An amazing story, with such a tragic end. I had the pleasure of spending a couple of days in 1991 with Andre Turcat, the test pilot for the Concorde. He headed a safety review of the airport at Madeira and I was on the review committee. I had recently earned my flight instructor rating and was curious as to how one goes about flight testing such a one-of-a-kind aircraft. Speaking a minimal amount of French, he expressed appreciation that I was at least trying to speak the language and patiently gave me insights on how they tested the Concorde.
Despite the piece of DC10 metal that has been blamed for the disaster it's less reported that maximum take off weight had been exceeded and this was known by the crew on the flight deck who ignored that fact, shoddy maintenance and poor procedures by the crew also contributed to the crash. The French authorities were very quick to blame Continental.
It is unheard of for Air Crash Investigator teams not to provide total cooperation, particularly between the Nations responsible for the joint development of the aircraft. The French clearly had their reasons ......what did they hide ? 🤔
@@garymoore2535 Unfortunately Gary I do not think the truth will ever be known its obvious that AF have some blame as did the airport operators but it was convenient to put the entire blame on Continental and the DC10 but I'm certain vital information has not been made public.
Just the fact that it ruptured from the inside is enough to point at the fuel levels being much too high
Thank you so much for this very informative video. Sadness for all the lives lost and a huge piece of aviation history...
There is also a really good analysis of this accident with a chap called John Hutchinson, who is a former Concorde pilot. The cruise ship they were due to go on was ultimately bound for Sydney for the Olympics in September of that year.
The hotel was virtually empty because a youth orchestra (or choir...I can't remember which) from Suffolk, UK, was booked to arrive that day and fill up the entire hotel. However, they were 30 minutes late to arrive. I know this because my father organised and lead the trip and he was on one of the three coaches due to arrive at the hotel that day. Thank goodness they were running late otherwise it would have been an even bigger tragedy than it already was.
Wow, talking about luck 👍👍
Your Father is Truly Blessed! 😇
Being late is not actually always bad I reckon. Gonna tell my boss this every Monday. Jokes aside, I am glad they were late.
@@robertrachels1870 Apparently God didn't care much for the people on the plane.
@@cyberpleb2472 what a disgusting comment
The detail and clarity with which he explains these accidents is incredible.
Great video and love your style of presentation. Well done and thanks.
Very well summarised and compelling narrative. The graphics were exceptional including Terminal 1 (“Moonraker”) at CDG airport. I sadly remember this very well - was in a Paris office on the day and was the first to advise local colleagues of the sad events. CDG the day after was a very somber place on my return. Years later I watched a Concorde landing for the final time at Manchester from the office window. A truly great aircraft - sincere condolences to those affected by the tragic event.
Very well elaborated not summarized..
So many nearby airpoirt offices
Your concise narrative of this accident adds to the coverage of this disaster. The crew understanding of their aircraft was displayed to the very end, kudos for the attempts made by them to save that flight.
i disagree the crew were the reason this happened along with air france engineers failing to put the steering gear bogey pins back in after routine maintenance thats why it started crabbing to the left the crew were in far to much of a rush to get the passengers to there cruise ship after the delay of getting the reverser fixed.
the plane also did not need anywhere near that amount of fuel the fuel tanks on concorde for safety were never in normal conditions filled above 75% full the captain decided to override the safety shutoffs and fully fill the tanks taking on far too much fuel plus the extra 2 tons on top of that for taxi fuel leaving no room in the tanks.
if they had took the time to work out how overweight they actually were taking the wind into account instead of rushing the plane should never have been taking off in the first place.
@@haydensupra if debris was not on runway the chain of events would not have started!!!!
The crabbing happened after the debris; the weight could have played in maximum take off speed never being reached, but the pilot was trying to get up so he could get back down, he knew something was wrong and there was no thrust from two engines.
@@Linguaholic23 your example reminds me of an automobile insurance company argument for denying a claim.
"The accident is half your fault, as if you had only stayed home, he accident would have never happened."
Interestingly, the courts eventually dismissed that nonsensical claim.
The tire was chopped by the Continental aircraft's engine cowl fragment, tire fragment impact caused fuel tank #5 to rupture. The fuel from tank #5 then flowed into engines 1 &2, producing asymmetric thrust that began at V1, the fuel igniting appearing to ignite in the damaged landing gear's well.
The quantity of fuel isn't exceptionally relevant, post V1, aborting takeoff is unsafe with that aircraft. One can debate until proton decay if the tank would've remained patent if it was filled to 75%. Given that 5 out of 6 prior tire failures resulted in tank ruptures, one being a severe rupture, the amount of fuel isn't exceptionally relevant, especially given one side of the aircraft being plumb out of engines. Being 810 kg overweight was relevant, given the loss of thrust and damage, once past V1, the flight was doomed.
@@Linguaholic23 you are propositioning something that is not part of the discussion. The flight was cleared for takeoff, everything else is supposition.
@@spvillano Agreed
Absolutely superb content, visuals/graphics and clear and concise presentation. One of the very best video presentations I've seen, well done.
I enjoyed the video. Thank you for the information. Easy to listen to you talking.
My mom flew this same route on the Concorde a couple years before this accident. Other than the obvious reason I’m glad this didn’t happen to her, she was a Gulfstream 3 and 4 pilot at the time, so she would have been fully aware how doomed this flight was at the sight of the massive flames. RIP to the 113 people lost that day.
So she would have known exactly what had happened, what was wrong and what was going to happen! wow that is amazing.
Oh that response is from a son of someone from the AIB
OK bro 👌I was on this flight myself but I jumped out before the crash and survived
@@EFFEZE Wow that’s awesome! Can’t believe Petter didn’t think to mention you in this video.
Does she still fly Gulfstream? I work on the g600
@@Reginald-Erasmus You need help, sport.
I'm no aviation expert but I found this video completely understandable, very well explained and oh, how tragic. I was a teenager when the Concorde began to fly and my French class flew on it from Washington D.C. to Paris, although I did not go with them. What a shame that this innovative means of travel came to such an abrupt and terrible end, so many lives lost.
This guy doing the narration is EXCELLENT. You will find him on many of these youtube presentations about aircraft. He finds the way to make technical and sophisticated events understandable to us.
It's ironic both Concorde and the TU144 met their commercial demise at Paris.
that must have been quite a school you and your friends attended
I always felt it was such a pity that the Concorde was grounded but your explanation makes me have a better understanding why it was
subscribed. because of high quality content and your passion
Hands down the most well produced video on the Concord disaster.
My father took my brother & I to London Heathrow Airport in 1977 so we could see Concorde taking off. A fantastic childhood memory. Beautiful plane. Thank you as always for such an informative, engaging & respectful production. R.I.P. to those onboard and on the ground. So very sad.
Your dad sounds pretty cool 👍
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Wonderfully informative short documentary film of this tragic air disaster. Thank you for your research work into this superb production.
Brilliantly explained, thank you Petter. So very sad this, it was doomed from the start.
There is a retired Concorde parked at the Museum of Flight (along with the JFK Air Force 1) in Seattle. As an engineer I can appreciated the design and engineering of the Concorde, and marvel at the cooperation of the French and the British in its realization. Fine job by the pilot describing the events. Well done.
There is also a Concorde on display at the Intrepid museum in New York City. That one can be boarded as part of a special add-on tour for a small additional charge, the guided tours are limited to 10 people every 20 minutes.
The VC-135B Air Force One in Seattle was used by presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy from 1959 to 1962, although at the time they used it it was painted in the standard Military Air Transport Service orange, white and silver colors. In 1962 it was replaced by a larger VC-135C which was the first to be painted in the blue, white and silver Air Force One colors selected by Jackie Kennedy, and was the plane that Kennedy flew to Dallas in 1963, and that now-President Johnson flew back to Washington with Jackie and JFK's casket. That plane is now at the Smithsonian annex in Washington D.C., where there is also a Concorde.
The Seattle plane was also in Dallas that day in November, operating as Air Force Two carrying Vice-President Johnson. By then it had also been painted in the newer Air Force One colors but with a splash of orange on the nose and tail. Later it was painted in the standard Air Force One colors as it now appears at the Museum of Flight, and continued in VIP use until 1996. Definitely a historic airplane.
@@StevePemberton2 I've been on both planes. History for sure. Thanks for sharing!
@@bobjordan5231 Correction on my part, the JFK VC-135C is at the USAF museum in Dayton, Ohio. You are able to walk through it but there are plexiglass walls protecting everything that you look through. Not a problem really and it makes it accessible to a larger number of people. Especially now that it has been moved to the main museum, when I saw it it was still in the annex hanger on base which only had two bus loads of about fifty people each per day, so only about 100 people per day could see it out of the thousands that visit the museum. They moved the X-15 and XB-70 over there also.
The Concorde in New York is limited to about 200 per day but that allowed them to not install plexiglass because of the small groups of guided tours. You even get to go up one at a time into the cockpit, which is tiny but you can't touch anything and the tour guide is up there with you. Not sure if they still do the cockpit visit as this was about ten years ago not long after they started the tours. Prior to that you couldn't go inside of the Concorde, the tour guide told me they were originally planning to do plexiglass but decided on the limited guided tour method instead. It's nice because it really gives you the feeling of having been on the Concorde, except of course for the supersonic part!
@@StevePemberton2 The Concorde at the Udvar-Hazy Center is one of the first that ever flew into Dulles, inaugurating transatlantic service from Paris and London. I remember that flight--there was an Air France Concorde and a British Airways Concorde, and my second-grade teacher took us outside to watch them circle and come in (we were very near Dulles Airport).
I flew as a private pilot (1200 hours/300 instrument). As part of my own learning/safety procedure, I got the accident reports (available free to anyone) published by the US feds after every aircraft accident. Fascinating reading which hopefully made me a safer pilot. This report was one of the best I've ever seen.
Ok in
Thank you, thank you so much for covering this accident. This is my favourite plane, and this incident broke my heart. Rest in peace to all of the victims and my heart goes out to all affected ❤❤
Great video. It's crazy to think of the slim chances of that metal strip hitting the plane
What's really sad about this crash is whole families were wiped out. Children, parents, and grandparents. What a tragedy. People here in the USA paid their respects by dropping 113 flower boats into a South Florida canal.
I heard one retired couple saved their whole lives for this trip of a lifetime and brought their daughter and her young children. They all died 😭
We've all known about this accident for years, so it rather caught me by surprise when at the moment of the crash I started to cry as if it happened yesterday. It's a terrible and wonderful thing that you can bring these to life for us. Thank you.
That’s so true! I also still feel that sadness - sadness for the passengers who got to fly in one of the most beautiful planes ever which then ended their lives; sad for the crew, which tried so hard to save their plane; sad for those on the ground who died unexpectedly, and sad for all the loved ones left behind. I feel so sad for France and the UK, for the loss of that beautifully designed aircraft! 9/11 was a horror… that kept on giving and keeps on giving in ways we never imagined or realized!
Yes.
This is my first watch of your channel what a brilliant presentation I have now subscribed to the channel
Excellent video, clear and precise. Thank you.
I remember the Concorde crash, but this episode was crucial to understand today what happened during that terrible flight. Thanks, Mentour Pilot.
If I remember correctly a whole family passed at this flight. A millionaire father invited his whole family including wife, his adult daughter, his son in law and his grandchildren to celebrate his birthday on a cruise ship. The family was completely wiped out. I was 22 back then and cried when reading this story.
Wow! A whole family lineage wiped at once!
@@GG_Booboo Killionaire
🤓
@@westfieldracerthe state, obviously. I'm sure they were deeply saddened, too.
Bro really cried for a millionaire
This explanation is amazingly detailed and made easy for laypeople to understand. Thank you.
Fantastic detailed explanation sir! Thank you !
You are one of the nicest persons I've ever seen discussing aviation. You are absolutely dedicated to getting a message across, and not to just promote yourself. Just someone very down to earth, even though you're a pilot. It is an absolute pleasure to watch your very clear videos. No wonder why you have so many subscribers. Thanks for your efforts.
heh, down to earth ehehe
I took the same route from France at a different time. 1986
Service was fantastic. I was able to go up with the pilots and get some instructions on how they flew the Concorde. I really didn’t want the trip to end.
Excelent video!
May all those souls rest in peace.
great video, very informative and well researched
How awful for all those people on that flight 😓 I find anything like this horrifying. And difficult to comprehend - a little strip of metal on the runway led to this horrific outcome in 2 minutes. Scary. Thank you for the upload, your detail and compassion is evident.
Can you imagine, everyone think of their cruises/vacations..literally moments during takeoff yr seeing flames & the plane tilting sideways & dripping towards a building
I lived in Colnbrook very close to Heathrow. Virtually every afternoon Concorde took off and flew over my rear garden. I would often rush out and watch the beautiful British Airways Concorde soaring gracefully into the air. When they were grounded I missed my giddy schoolboy moments racing out to watch this amazing plane. So sad for all concerned.
Was great at the viewing area they had when she went up in the evening, especially if it was a wet cold winters evening as the reflection from the runway was awesome.
I lived near Sandy Hook NJ and though we could often see aircraft on approach they typically were a bit distant. On one occasion though I heard a deafening roar as I got out of my car and Concorde broke through a low layer of cloud cover headed to JFK. Breathtaking sight.
Was the Concorde louder than the other jet planes while taking off?
@@dannydaw59 you bet it was! One day i was at hatton cross when a concorde took off from 09R. The noise set off dozens of car alarms. sounded kinda like a welding torch, only one hell of a lot louder.
Another time, also at hatton cross, it was dark, so I could see the exhaust gas glowing purple. And I could also see the mach diamonds in the exhaust gas.
the noise of a jet engine increases AFAIK with the square of the exhaust speed, and at exhaust speeds of more than 700m/s it increases even faster. thats why the concorde was so noisy.
Colnbrook? That's practically under the departure path of 27R. You must have got a lot of noise, especially from concordes.
Okay this is the second video I’ve seen of this guy explaining and I’m fascinated. Subbing.
Those 37mins flew by so fast. I stumbled upon this video and i have to say it was so engaging and interesting. Thoughts go out to the loss of lives indeed.
I think the number of comments indicate just how well this was explained and put together considering you also go into the engineering of the aircraft and helping the lay person understand. So we’ll done for that. I watched this because I always wondered what happened to Concorde as I was a child at the time of the crash and why it disappeared completely and you covered all the bases.loved it.
Thank you! Glad you liked the video.
This is NOT a comment on the quality of the video. The number of comments has little to nothing to do with the video's explanatory power or how it is otherwise informative. Documentaries on CZcams, as well as elsewhere on the net or tv or cinema attract attention and negative or positive audience comments almost entirely due to the subject matter of the documentary and how many viewers are emotionally struck by the the documentary and especially the subject of the documentary. To comment on the documentary, one has almost certainly seen it. Here is where the subject matter determines the number of comments far more than any other factor. If a million people watch a documentary about a rock concert, there will almost certainly be more comments than any documentary about a performance of an opera. The emotional factor matters as well, but to a far lesser extent. A tragedy of this proportion will almost certainly elicit many responses. Nothing more than emotion motivates people to act, or in this case write.
@@ephraimlessell who asked
This was, without a doubt, the most informative and detailed breakdown on the Concorde accident I have seen. Your presentation is superb. Thank you.
100% agreed. Superb!
I was about to say the same.
Full agreement!
This was a typically excellent Mentour presentation but, in this particular case, I think Cpt. John Hutchinson's (15 yrs as a Concorde pilot) review of this terrible event is the definitive one. It's incredibly detailed and, if I remember, very critical of the decision-making of the flight crew (both before and during take-off) and of Air France.
Just found the continued description of the lift-off as 'rotating' the aircraft weird..
I'm an elderly Frenchman ,and I 've been inquiring this story for 25 y. ...What you perhaps don't know is that both Air France , the then French President (J.Chirac)*** the official crash enquiry agency and the tyre manufacturer ...all had decided never to let the truth come out ! One thing IS very important to know ... that piece of metal from an US plane ...had nothing to do with the crash ! As a very interesting Anglo-German inquiry showed # a year after the crash - The missing "spacer" , the OVERLOAD of luggage AND fuel in the tail of the plane ...; given a type of tyre that had exploded several times before ... and the choice of the wrong wind take off direction...had been the true cause of the crash !*** By the way :President Chirac was sitting in the plane that was supposedly waiting to take off for Tokyo ...and obviously he saw himself the flames ...at least about 300 yards before the spot where that metal piece was supposed to have crushed that tyre ! Furthermore a group of firemen on duty had also seen the flames long ahead of the metal-piece ! But they had been forbidden to speak ....PS my comment was just censored by YT !....
Very educative channel, please give more information on CONCORDS AND OTHER AIRLINES thanks so much for your service.
Better than the title suggests! Anytime REAL is used in caps - it usually isn't... Great video! Broadcast quality!
I'm not particularly interested in aviation or plane crashes but I LOVE listening to someone who knows what they're talking about, and does it with passion and excitement. Great channel!
I lived in Feltham, Middlesex, from 1985 to 2008. We were quite close to Heathrow Airport and I remember that when we first moved, we were astonished by how loud the Concorde was when it took off and landed!! The takeoff was a lot louder than the landing. Twice a day it took off and we got used to it after a while. We became familiar with the timetable!! Visitors were always shocked at the noise though!! We would see it sometimes when we drove past the airport, either in the hanger or just outside. It was such a shock when this happened. Sad as well, for all the people that perished, and the end of the Concorde. Yes, I know it flew again after this, but it never recovered its former glory.
I lived at Windsor in 1999, directly off the end of the Heathrow runway. Can confirm takeoff was very loud indeed!
@@snich63when we first moved to Feltham, my family and I were amazed at how loud it was taking off!! We certainly got used to the noise very quickly though!! I used to get a train to Windsor and Eton Riverside sometimes, to go shopping there. Nice place.
Did it go supersonic over populated areas then? Or was it just loud because it took off faster than other jets? I had an idea that they waited until it was over the sea to accelerate to mach 1, but maybe I'm wrong.
@ibahart3771 it didn't go supersonic over land, but boy was it loud. I was a local and would sometimes watch it take off from the end of the runway. It would set car alarms off as it flew over Hatton Cross Station car park.
@@markreynolds1436 every time it flew over Dedworth people would just stop and watch. Not much else you could do simply because it was so loud.
Just the great story explained in the simple words about this tragedy! Thank you sooooooooooooooooooooooooo much!!
Great comprehensive analysis. Thank you.
Very interesting video.
I have worked quite some time in the Air France family crisis centers for the Concorde crash, both in Paris and in Germany ( as most victims were German and i speak both languages ).
It was quite taxing emotionally to talk to the families of the deceased in the hours, weeks and months following the crash.
Oddly i never looked into the various reports and videos about that crash.
I think because at the time i would have seem it as morbid curiosity.
Finally decades later I’m looking at this video…
Strange feeling
I don't think it would be morbid, but dealing with the shock, disbelief, confusion and anger of the grieving relatives over an extended period of time must have been very challenging. However well trained one might be for these kinds of scenarios, being present for such intense, raw emotions, and engaged with the needs of the bereaved people in a way that makes them feel heard and understood, and does not add to their distress, is draining. There must be some degree of transference.
People who deal with these sorts of crises usually have a strong sense of obligation to do a difficult job to the best of their ability; and if they work in teams there will be a shared sense of purpose, and canaraderie. Once the crisis is over, and duty has been done, there is time to relax and reflect, and they may realise that they have been affected more than they realise.
I don't presume to know how you were feeling, but I can imagine myself being reluctant to re-engage with something so distressing. You had already done as much as anyone for those families, and reading a report would not make any difference to them, but might have been tough on you.
It takes a certain kind of person to step up for this kind of work. A lot of people find the grief of other people very difficult to deal with, because it's not something that can be solved, or made better with helpful advice, and they don't know what to say. There is a lot of power in iistening attentively, and without judgement. There is no need to do anything, or say anything, other than make the speaker feel heard, and acknowledge their feelings. Just letting them speak at their own pace, follow their own thoughts and say what they want to say, can be very powerful. It's a good rest for the ego as well, if it will stay quiet!
So here's to all the listeners. And thank you for what you did.
Hi Stephan, You should try and write a memoir about the crash and your work following it.
Bless you for your work
I was born in the summer of 1965, my Dad was RAF and working out of Farnborough when I was 3-5, I remember the sonic BOOM of Concordes 1st "flight" I remember My Dad telling me to remember this day as it was very special. I remember this terrible incident in Paris 30yrs later, I am saddened to this day.
you got a great passion for aviation, great video you put together
Amazing documentary, gripping, competent, very well told.
One of the best explanations of an airline disaster I’ver ever see. Well done, mate.
Your "pilot's eyes" perspective on the events with clear and visualized points from the final reports is really great, as they are catching multiple things that non-professionals are likely not able to properly address.
Big Thank you for your work on this channel!
Thank YOU for supporting me and the channel!
@@MentourPilot yes but you should have mentioned John Hutchinsons alternative theories. He is a guy who really knows what he was talking about (retired Concorde pilot). Great video anyway
I agree fully!
@@a.nelprober4971 watching enough of Mentour’s videos. After he said he wasn’t gonna go into the legal actions that were taken I didn’t expect him to go into the extra. That’s a very tight rope to walk with the amount of lawsuits and other legal actions that went into this crash. This is a crash you could make a 3 hour video on and still not cover everything.
@@davidmichael5573 You're absolutely right! Also Mentour stays as close to the facts and the investigation records as he can and avoids deliberately any "alternative truth". Not because they are couldn't be true or don't have enough insight but the point is not making sensation but understanding the process how the accidents and incidents finally make the aviation safer.
Thank u for giving us detailed explanation about this crash.
Im back here again for about the 4th time, as this is simply the greatest aviation stories out there. Its cast-iron facts and professionally experienced stance put it above the rest.