How Tokyo Made Itself Earthquake-Proof
Vložit
- čas přidán 28. 06. 2024
- To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/hai
The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription.
Get a Half as Interesting t-shirt: standard.tv/collections/half-...
Suggest a video: halfasinteresting.com/suggest
Follow Sam from Half as Interesting on Instagram: / sam.from.wendover
Follow Half as Interesting on Twitter: / halfinteresting
Discuss this video on Reddit: / halfasinteresting
Video written by Ben Doyle
Check out our other channels: / wendoverproductions
/ jetlagthegame
0:11 As a Turkish I can confidently say that you can blame Erdogan for basically everything and 99% of the time, you would be right.
He's like Turkish Reagan
@@crackedemerald4930 At least Reagan was limited to 8 years
Despite that people of Turkiye are voting for Erdogan.
@@sahilbharti7047maybe there isnt any better option? i dont know much bout turkey
So why does he keep winning the election?
5:56 what’s even more impressive about that fact, is how Japanese Engineers designed their high speed bullet trains “Earthquake Resistant” and to keep them on the tracks. When an Earthquake is detected, the bullet train will Stop where each car will clamp themselves directly to the tracks and the Bullet Train and track all move as one structure during the Earthquake when it hits, and what’s even more amazing is that during the process the power on the track is turned off so just in case the bullet train is “derailed” by the Earthquake, Emergency Responders and Rescue Crews can safely evacuate the passengers and crew from those trains without having to worry about the dangerously high voltage of electricity that powers the trains.
Honestly, the world needs to take notice of Japanese engineering when it comes to designing buildings that can survive earthquakes.
Meanwhile, parts of the US are okay with cardboard exterior cladding on new homes.
(yes, it will eventually be covered with some sort of siding product... but CARDBOARD!?)
@Martin-ei4nr Begone proselytizer!
Get thee hence!
The power of Pasta compels you!
The power of Pasta compels you!
The power of Pasta compels you!
-
Ra-men.
@@MonkeyJedi99 Ramen brother 🍜
TBH the main earthquake warning system is pretty much copied everywhere else, and the Shinkansen earthquake system just use that to stop (technically the system stops the power upon receiving the warning from the main system and the trains just takes it from there... by just E-braking... tho some trains have batteries these days so it could inch it's way into the station if possible...
@@MonkeyJedi99 Cardboard is a fine building material. It's just there to keep the building dry while it's being built. It doesn't really support the structure. So what's the issue? In Japan, they literally build their houses out of wood frame and paper, and they demolish houses after ~30 years (often less).
I don't think February 6th, 2023 was earlier this year...
these videos take a while to make
@@neontd The video's been up since January 3 on Nebula.
@@wta1518so still incorrect
he does say the video was delayed
It is if you count the last 365 days as "this year"
/s
It probably helped to figure out how to earthquake proof their city by having Godzilla stomp through it nearly annually.
I experienced these life saving building properties and early warning system first hand this year. We were only 60km from the epicentre. The Japanese truly are amazing at dealing with these quakes!
Over 230 people just died from an earthquake earlier this month...
@@jongibson3331 Yes. That is the earthquake I experienced. It was on the 1st of January. We felt it at a magnitude close to 6 here.
The same quake in a country not so well prepared would have caused far more deaths.
@@jcoxdj I live in Nagoya and felt that too, I was enjoying 1st of January and got jumped by the phone and tv siren at the time.
Then couple second later a quake came that was way too long to feel comfortable.
I was amazed by the technology but was afraid of the 南海トラフ I thought it was our time to run.
@@jongibson3331 If it was on another country it would be in the 1000's.
@@jongibson3331230 deaths is actually really low for an earthquake that size
The longest suspension bridge in the world is the 1915 Canakkale bridge in Turkey. But before that it was the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Japan. Now the Akashi Kaikyo bridge was hit by a very strong earthquake and required repairs for months. Interestingly, due to the repair, the bridge had to be extended around 90 cm longer, making the (formerly) longest suspension bridge grow even longer BECAUSE of the earthquake.
For anyone who did a double take, the 1915 bridge was completed in 2022, the 1915 is part of the name referencing an event in that year.
Weird flex
@@kingace6186Both figuratively and literally
ONLY if you count the distance between the span towers. If you count the distance between the two coastlines that the bridge connects, the Mackinac Bridge (over 25,000 feet) is much longer than either one of those bridges. It just has long leadups to the suspended part that, aren't suspended. But its all one bridge.
"earlier this year" you can already add that to the list for next mistakes video
It's not a mistake rather this video was made at the end of 2023.
The technology that goes into ensuring Tokyo's resilience is indeed fascinating. The tiered approach to building safety and the national seismic detection network certainly seem vital in disaster mitigation. Thanks for simplifying and presenting this complex topic so effectively.
Chile basically has these same construction policies 😊 Japan and Chile have a long story of sharing experiences and knowledge of earthquakes, so it's no surprise several of the things you talk in this video are also applicable here.
People are surprised about the sturdiness of our infraestructure, even as a not-yet developed country, but it's the only way to prosper in a land so prone for natural disasters. Houses, skyscrapers, bridges and every type of infraestructure have to be built to resist, and the authorities are pretty strict about regulation and enforcement. We know our buildings will not fall! It's pretty conforting; my house was built in 1963, and it has survived several big earthquakes with no issues.
Also, after the earthquake and tsunami of 2010 the government developed an efficient country-wide early warning system: with every earthquake, big forest fires, floods or other natural disasters near you, you get a special honk in your phone and a text message warning you about it and what the recommendations are.
Anyone know why this video delayed by an entire year to be released? Feb 6th 2023?
Where do you get "an entire year from?" It's said that February 6th was EARLIER this year, so this could have been delayed by only a month.
@@MaksB. OP is right though literally says 2023, not 2024 10 seconds into the vid
@@MaksB.NOOO!!! NOOOO!!!!
@@valorantbooster69 you can say "earlier this year" in December
It say 2023 not 2024@@MaksB.
I was unlucky to be in Osaka during the Great Hanshin Earthquake of ’95 and the most recent Noto Peninsula Earthquake that provided Japan with the shittiest ever January 1st. The building I was in during the former would’ve been built around the’80s and the latter in ‘72. Although both were very scary experiences, I marvelled at the engineering that saved my life. I was literally petrified during both in shock and wasn’t able to escape. Some people who were closer to the epicentre in older buildings unfortunately lost their lives or loved ones. Rest in peace.
Glad you were safe. As you may know, unless you're in an old rickety kyu-taishin building you're much safer staying put inside a building. People unused to quakes often panic and rush outside, placing themselves in danger. So maybe being petrified helped!
Was that the one were the epicenter was in the harbour of Kobe and 5500 people died? Because in extreme relevance to the topic of this video: 5000 of those people lived in old houses that were basically 4 poles in each corner held in place by a massive roof. The earthquake made the poles wiggle and the massive rooves fell down, killing people inside. It was app. 05.00 in the morning so they didn't have much of a chance. 😢
@@AnneAslaug that’s the one. The epicentre was on Awaji Island. It was closer to 6am because I can never forget being woken up so violently by an earthquake. I really thought that was it. Some friends who happened to be in a train described it as being on a roller coaster. The devastation in Kobe was terrible and the gas fires that started all over the place right after didn’t help.
@@user-wy7mc6km7v thank you. You’re probably right. 😊
@@ibec69 Oh, wow! That must have been horribleI can't imagine being a situation like that! Surreal nightmarish terror and shock all at once... I am lucky enough to have grown up in an area where earthquakes only get registered by seismographs .. (Norway). Angry Mother Nature here only gets devastating via water (mudslides, floods and avalanches). And death tolls get nowhere near what would be considered devastating on a global level. Partly because there are so many fewer people to hurt to begin with... But how did you cope afterwards? Both sounds like PTSD-inducing happenings!
Engineering is the difference between a natural event and a natural disaster.
natural hazard*
Did you came up with that? Imma borrow this for my engineering class
@@buitenzorg5970 Posting a reply here only because it seems to be the only way to follow a thread on YT and I *have* to know the answer!!!
@@buitenzorg5970 FEMA defines "Natural Hazard" as "environmental phenomena that have the potential to impact societies and the human environment"...this could include atmospheric phenomena (such as tornadoes, tropical storms, wind, blizzards), geological phenomena (earthquakes/volcanic eruptions) and their direct consequences (landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction), or extraterrestrial phenomena (geomagnetic storms, asteroid impacts).
A disaster occurs when there's massive loss of life or property. Engineering can reduce the likelihood of a natural disaster from occurring, but even then, there are no guarantees. Black swans events do happen and the engineering process cannot guarantee safety (see the Tohoku earthquake and the direct consequences. Japan was heavily prepared for an earthquake event, and likely without the tsunami, only a few to a few hundred people may have died in that event, however, the tsunami's impact on very specific locations was far more significant than anyone could have predicted).
@@buitenzorg5970 Go right ahead. :D
However, the damper shown was from Taipei 101, which, considering the tower opened in 2004, might possibly have been built slightly after the end of Japanese colonial occupation in 1945
Taipei 101 makes its damper a prominent attraction on its observation deck. The Japan influence is probably less about its colonial legacy than it is about facing similar environmental threat conditions.
Here's a twist, that photograph at Taipei 101 was taken by a Japanese photographer named Tomohiro Ohsumi. It was in the Washington Post on Thursday, April 4, 2024.
As a structural engineer, hearing Sam called Dampers "Giant Industrial Springs" physically hurt.
Also Tuned Mass Dampers don't exist to ensure structural stability of a large building in an earthquake. They exist almost entirely to reduce the vibration in a building especially at higher levels.
My first thought when heard that was how an actual building with springs as "dampers" would behave. It could actually be a cool feature for an amusement park. With artificial "earthquakes" of course; most people would be bored if they had to sit around for a century waiting for a natural one.
As someone getting their master's in structural engineering I fail to see what's cringe about calling dampers giant springs lol, how else would you easily describe it to the layman? Maybe he could have included a little more about the mass part lol but tuned mass dampers literally are just weights on springs. And too much vibration would cause the structure to break causing structural instability ssoo tuned mass dampers would in fact help with maintaining structural stability... are you a licensed engineer or do you just do it for fun? 😂
@@racecarrik damping is an entirely different behavior from steady state vibration (represented by springs in an idealized system. To put it more bluntly, idealized springs don’t convert motion into heat like dampers do.
Spring behavior is tied to acceleration in a dynamic equation of motion, whereas damping is tied to velocity.
With regards to vibration effect reductions from tuned mass dampers, again, they don’t exist to ensure structural stability. If your building is a moment frame it is going to bend, especially if it’s slender, but the loading is accounted for with the design of the structural system and will not collapse under prescribed earthquake forces. With a shear wall system you’re more dealing with increasing the rigidity of the building.
Additionally in an earthquake, it’s the ground that’s moving, so the vibration profile is far more chaotic and not a more idealized vibration that you may get from vortex shedding from wind.
I mean, it's HAI, if he didn't oversimplify something painfully for the sake of comedy and saving time then I would be surprised. Now, if this was on Wendover, then there might be a problem lol
@@archerelms honestly none of this really matters haha, it’s just me being an annoyed nerd.
As a nebula sub I can tell you this video actually came out right around the most recent big earthquake but was held from youtube until now.
yeah that was wild
That's why I have seen it before I usually mostly only watch on yt
I noticed that too. I can't recall ever seeing an HAI video taking several weeks between Nebula and YT, but tbh I don't pay that close attention.
@@ZetaPyro HAI is usually only a Nebula first by 30 minutes at most
3:30 My pokemon infested brain immediately went "Thats how the bellsprout tower stays up" when ya described this xD
I realize now that this is a real thing lol. Pokemon is such a great game
If I remember correctly (without googling), Tokyo sky tree was hit with a mid sized earthquake during its construction which actually compromised its structural integrity quite a bit. If it gets particularly windy during the day they restrict people going up and work to clear the people already up there.
Not because they think the thing is going to collapse and fall down. Probably more due to people acting weird when things start swaying.
that sounds like it would kinda have to be a resonance problem, in which people high up in the building lower the building's main resonant frequencies towards a more problematic point. because if the idea was to keep people out so that it's empty if it breaks either way, then I reckon they would have to do something else, possibly demolition, since even (parts of) the empty building falling could cause huge harm below.
There's no way in hell the building is structurally unstable in high wind conditions, there's probably just too much displacement for occupants to feel safe even if things are completely safe.
@@Token_Nerd probably, i've been in a building that swayed a lot in heavy winds and it's worse than being on a ship in turbulent waters
@@Token_Nerd oh right, I've definitely heard of that happening with super tall skyscrapers. I suppose there comes a point where it's more practical to send everybody out instead of having people panic and disrupt whatever might happen there anyway.
Santiago too!
Especially because Chile has had earthquakes stronger than Japan, with less casualties.
@@glowingfishwe have less people though, but yeah...our regulations are pretty strict. We share a lot of earthquake-related knowledge with the Japanese as well. Chile is as earthquake-proof as Japan
I think lima - peru too. I might be wrong. But also definetly los angeles too
Whats sad and terrifying is that the Second largest metropolitan, Jakarta, also sits on the ring of fire, yet the buildings are probably as shoddy, if not more so, than those in Turkey
03:20 That's not a Japanese Building lol, it's the Taipei 101. You can even see a bag of it there.
Can you do a similar analysis but for Mexico? we also have regulations for earthquake resistant construction and national seismometers, but your analysis would be appreciated, so we could compare to Japan
@Martin-ei4nr interesting reply, not really related to what I was saying tho
Hey coming from Chile an honorable mention would have been cool, nice vid though
ngl the animations are underrated
Always a good day when HAI uploads.
Very informative. Thanks
I put on a Playlist of your videos whenever I can't sleep. Your monotone voice is pretty soporific for some reason
How is it monotone? It sounds enthusiastic and overly excitable like nearly all American narration.
We need a full Wendover video on this
Sunset from the Sky Tree is amazing. Luckily it was no clouds and very little haze. You really feel like you are looking down at the sun as it goes over the horizon.
I loved this video it is fully interesting i love everything i learned thank you.
3:20 This massive earthquake damper is in Taipei 101 in Taiwan. They're open to public to see & if you're 'lucky', you can see it sway slightly during an earthquake
A ring of old rocks? Sounds like there are bricks in that
Love your videos
A building disaster video on both HAI and Wendover! How lucky are we today!
I went to the newly restored Kumamoto Castle last year and they literally have KYB shock absorbers installed for the damping.
@Martin-ei4nr 9.76% (or 1 in 10 odds) of words in this paragraph are "Allah."
Tokyo impresses me more and more 💯
@Lovemeew48 sneaky
@Martin-ei4nr #fckpalestine
Pretty interesting how advanced their whole system is :D
What does SkyTree do? Tv transmitter and very cool observation tower.
It's called Swag and Flex
Oh hey! The Menshin and the 30 second alarm system is the same thing that is used in Mexico City and it does wonders. When the alarm goes off, it gives you enough time to either go to the safe zone or, if you're lucky, get out of the building entirely.
3:31 Has a 20-year delayed realization of what was up with Pokemon's Sprout tower
Madscietist
Tokyo doesnt have 14 million people, it has 37 million. Now if you are going for the smaller figure for the Tokyo metro population, even Istanbul has 16 million officially.
Yeah I guess he meant to say 40 million
Actually he's right. The Tokyo prefecture is about 14 million people. The 37 million is the metro area, which includes other cities such as Yokohama.
You're right, Tokyo is not technically the biggest city in the world, but because the definition of cities change based on countries the rankings for biggest cities look at the metro area which could encompass other cities (In both Russia and China, the areas under the city definition are so large that there isn't a difference between the city of Shanghai, Beijing, Moscow or St. Petersburg and the metro area of those cities. That's why officially Shanghai is the biggest city proper in the world at 25 million, and even Moscow is pretty close to Tokyo in size at 13.2 million. By comparison, western European and American cities are given much smaller boundaries that don't include much of the surrounding area. That's why officially the population of Paris is 2.2 million and LA is 4 million, but then their metro populations are far greater at 11 and 12.5 million respectively).
@@DukeSkylocker There's also the problem that the definition of city changes a lot depending on the country and Tokyo is technically not a city at all (a prefecture with a unique specific administration unlike every other place in Japan).
Laugh in Chile superiority. We only start noticing an earthquake when it is above 7.5
It's just a tremor when it's under 7.0 degrees😂
The damper shown at 3:18 is the one in Taipei 101 tho... Would've been cool to point out, since that's the largest of its kind, used in one of the the tallest buildings on the planet AND has its own mascots designed after itself??
Earlier this year?🤔
Script was made in 2023
Earlier THIS year? someone has had this video on hold for a long time
It was uploaded to nebula right around the time of the latest Japanese earthquake by by chance. He likely held it for CZcams so as not to appear rude
Fascinating how much we [humanity] learn from past mistakes
Even more fascinating how much we don't.
@@AnneAslaugas a Turkish person, i agree...
Mexico City implements the same, and as the second largest city in the ring of fire, they have the worlds safest earthquake proof skyscraper
I love these videos!
I'm glad you decided to menshin the third kind.
How do I search for similar music as the one used as background to your videos?Its so groovy
i swear you already uploaded a while ago this is so familiar
The soup part got me
Trivia note: The U.S. game show The Amazing Race has been on for 35 Seasons, & they have traveled to Japan for 8 of them; 9, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, & 31.
You aren't my interesting fact guy
What about the country where the largest recorded earthquake in human history happened? They're pretty good a earthquake proofing too. Will there be any mention of them as well?
No cause Chile is sadly way underrated. The Great Valdivia Earthquake, 10 minutes of M9.6 shake... Holy smokes.
4:14 I’m from la and the buildings r like that in the main city as well
Make a video analyzing the bricks the Japanese use
3:20 that is Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan
I appreciate the Funko Pop joke. I'm mexican, and the last two strong earthquakes, both of which have happened on september 19, I've been awoken by falling Batman collectibles, being bedridden with a flu both times 😅
It's always wild to me how Tokyo has roughly the same population as Canada
The way things are built will make the most significant difference in a time of disaster
3:21 Taipei 101 🎉
Designing around disaster is so hard. But super interesting.
in the case of Japan you probably need to design and engineer a building that would not only hold up against Earthquakes but also 2 other natural disasters that frequently hit Japan namely typhoons (or hurricane as most people in the US are more familiar with) and also tsunamis (if the earthquake is powerful enough as is the case for building in the last menshin category), please feel free to correct me if I'm wrong.
As a 7 minute video, surely this is more than Half As Interesting?
Well, I don't know about Syria, but Turkey is absolutely an earthquake prone country, it is taught in our schools even. We had a devastating 7.4 magnitude earthquake in 1999 (with an official death toll of nearly 20 thousand people, real number likely much higher), a 7.1 in 2011, 7.0 in 2020, a twin 7.5 and 7.8 last year and we have an impending (it is going to happen sometime soon, every expert on the topic is giving warnings about that) likely 7-something magnitude earthquake near Istanbul (in fact people were sooo expecting that the next major earthquake was going to happen there, it happening in the South was quite a blow) so it is absolutely necessary for us to have learned from that and built according to codes, good earthquake regulations, had proper disaster response systems in place, but last year showed that we don't have any of that.
Since the devastating 1999 earthquake, a special tax (so called "Special Communications Tax") is being collected and it should have been going to bolster our disaster response capabilities and replace badly built buildings, but last year showed us that during the last 20+ years almost no precautions were taken. Disaster response was late, very late, some areas waited I believe a day or two before response teams could reach them. 50 thousand people is the current official number, though it is likely to be much higher.
It has been clear for a long time that a large earthquake is going to hit Istanbul (extrapolation from the earthquakes happening on the Northern Anatolian Fault Line, last major one was the 1999 one) and in a city that big with a population of 15-20 million people, with the same disaster response capabilities demonstrated in 2023, we are FUCKED.
I'm honestly pretty surprised by this; as a Chilean, we know you don't need to be a rich country to get an advanced earthquake policy for construction, enforcement and early-warnings...so why do you think this happened to you? Besides corruption, that is... in Chile not even corrupted people would allow their house to be built without meeting earthquake-proof standards, lol😂 we know we can get hit at any moment and you want your house to still stand
0:59
I think, depending how you count, either Tokyo has a population of over 30 million and is the largest city in the world, or has a population of below 15 million and is NOT the largest city in the world. So, if I'm right then this statement is incorrect.
Tokyo Prefecture has a population of 14 million but the the Greater Tokyo Area has 38 million.
neo getting info for his next video….
btw credits for the animator who had to animate the real life house shaking
I hate it when a video gets delayed a few thousand years
I personally blame all earthquakes on my friend Vitor.
I agree with this. It's all on Vitor.
Vitor should stop vitoring all over the place
Maybe Tokyo should give lessons to Port-au-Prince
Thanks to Half as Interesting, my building is now half as likely to fall over. Thanks, HAI!
HAI videos are Wendover videos that are too short or when Sam doesn’t want to spend too long explaining stuff.
Can confirm those phone alarms are really fucking loud. Usually don't bother getting out of bed for one though...
Yep
There's been several 7.0 and higher Earthquakes in the new year
voice sounds really tinny in the intro, route everything besides vox into its own send for hipass. that saturation on the vox is really really hot, too. I hope this production quality isn't a trend.
Those fkn phone alarms are terrifying man
Yes
So that's why Sprout Tower in GSC/HGSS has the pillar in the middle
Yeah I thought the same exact thing lol
Truly the erdogan moment
As an Alaskan on the ring of fire i can confirm we do the shake shake
I'm neither scientist or engineer, but IMO magnitude isn't a great measurement of seismic damage assessment. Same magnitude event have drastically different effect on surface depends on depth and many properties of ground.
Magnitude describes the total energy of the event, like the size of a bomb, but what also matters is that distance from the bomb and what's in between the bomb and myself.
Is the Seishin method what is in the middle of Sprout Tower in Pokemon Heart Gold/Soul Silver?
Huh, the Shinbashira explains the Sprout Tower in Pokemon Gold/Silver/Crystal. It has a central beam that rocks back and forth to keep the tower from collapsing.
It reminds me of how churches in the Philippines (the country which I came from) built in Earthquake Baroque style...
Increase the volume of music when you are talking about tragedy where thousands were killed. Use entertaining happy music when you are talking about tragedy.
0:55 14 thousand years ago? Don’t you mean 14 hundred?
3:45 the Skytree is a tower, not a building.
Tower is a type of building idiot.
I’m scared of earthquakes, I’m just quaking in my boots thinking about it
That and the mega reservoirs under the city they have for the tsunami that comes after
So it's like the Sprout Tower in Pokemon Gen II.
Bro says “earlier this year”with a date in 2023
“Earlier this year” you might want to run that script by a proof reader again.
Stone houses in America? Haha these jokes are why I'm subscribed.
Did this not get uploaded to nebula? I looked and didn't see it
That wasn't earlier this year, Sam.
How about the “fix” utilities like plumbing that have to be connected to the city system?
As a Chilean, I'd say you build them out of more flexible material like PEAD so they resist better. We usually don't have issues with water availability after earthquakes...high tension electrical towers are also built to resist earthquakes, although smaller ones are more prone for cables coming loose during large earthquakes (I saw several during the big one in 2010), so you can get power outages
My earthquake engineering professor told us that we design earthquake-proof buildings not to make them not destroyed if earthquake happens, but to make sure it won't harm anyone if the earthquake is powerful enough to destroy it aka it would give its occupants some allowance in time to escape or to be damaged but not totally destroyed.
I love the totally upbeat movie while Sam talked about the brutal earthquake in Turkey killing thousands.
Also “earlier this year” lol
0:01 Earlier... This year? 😅
Just a note that the g is Erdogan (and I assume other Turkish words) is pronounced like a w because Erdowan thought it would be funny to troll us apparently.
"Japan is the most earthquake-prone countries in the world"
Indonesia : *umm excuse me......*
yes our chain of islands experience more earthquakes than Japan (also survivorship bias; we detect much less earthquake because we don't have 4000 seismometers), but prone here is more about prone to end catastrophically.