Simplest oscillator - Make an LED Blinker and Tone Generator

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  • čas přidán 5. 09. 2024
  • This time, I show you how to make the probably simplest oscillator in the world.
    An AtTiny 85 is simpler, but it's not fair to have an IC. So anyway, the circuit uses a transistor in a way it's not usually used.
    I realized that I can make a super simple oscillator using some property of the transistor when I was experimenting with one. I see that if a transistor is placed in a certain and given a certain voltage, it becomes essentially conductive.
    I continue experimenting and come out with this circuit after some hour or so, to find that someone already posted about this before me. Well, I was quite disappointed, I thought I've just invented something new, but nah.. Whatever. Let's just talk about the video.
    You can use a 2n222A transistor, but you'll need to configure the pin layout yourself, not a big deal, but I'm just saying what I need to say.
    This video has a surprisingly high quality, I got a new mic, new colorful lamp, and new oscilloscope. So teaching electronic is now easier and more exciting.
    Enjoy the video, you don't need to be an electrician whatsoever to make this. Don't need an extra tool, any hard time, or hardwork, you don't even need to understand how it works. Just buy a 1K ohm resistor, BC547 transistor, 150uF capacitor and an LED at your local electronic component store.
    'Hope you understand what I'm doing in this video, and see you next time.

Komentáře • 134

  • @Mousy_Nano
    @Mousy_Nano Před 6 lety +21

    By far, the best presentation of this concept on CZcams.

  • @Utubeasiangirls
    @Utubeasiangirls Před 4 lety +6

    Finally i have a solid idea of how a transistor oscillator works thank you for the simple explaining.

  • @laakman
    @laakman Před 5 lety +4

    Great explanation! I'm just starting to teach my kids about electronics. And it's amazing how hard it is to find an explanation for a simple circuit like this.

  • @sonalallsomun8249
    @sonalallsomun8249 Před rokem

    Finally the true science of a blinking led with a good explanation. Thank you sir and keep on.

  • @sgrimm7346
    @sgrimm7346 Před 5 lety +11

    Good video. You might want to add the fact that the transistor is reverse biased ( Emitter is on the positive supply). This creates a slight negative resistance within the transistor when the current is applied and that's what creates the dead short allowing the current to pass thru to the negative supply. Just my thoughts. Thank you.

    • @Mark-sq8mh
      @Mark-sq8mh Před 2 lety +1

      Hi. I'm becoming crazy with this. Why the PNP transistor is conducting even without any potential/current/circuit applied to the base ? I'm trying to find this relation somewhere , but unsucesfully. The basic theory of transistors never told that the transistor is conductive without any applied current on the base. Thanks

    • @Noconstitutionfordemocrats1
      @Noconstitutionfordemocrats1 Před rokem +1

      ​@@Mark-sq8mhIt's the breakdown voltage. Imagine an air gap, for instance, between two close wires with an applied voltage between them. With a high enough voltage, the air becomes conductive, sending a spark between the wires. All diodes have this property when reverse biased. The transistor here is being used as a simple diode, just like an LED in reverse polarity relative to the power supply.

    • @Mark-sq8mh
      @Mark-sq8mh Před rokem

      @@Noconstitutionfordemocrats1 thanks, after long time I don't even remember my question

  • @swrekcfest
    @swrekcfest Před rokem

    First time I’ve seen this circuit explained . Others just build it and that’s it . Thanks !

  • @graygoogal7476
    @graygoogal7476 Před 6 lety +1

    I feel privileged to be one of your first subscribers. Please keep doing this.

  • @maxwarfield6699
    @maxwarfield6699 Před 5 lety +1

    On behalf of all noobs, thank you for slowing down. Cheers!

  • @kchoudri
    @kchoudri Před 4 lety

    Best explanation ever. This is very helpful and easy to understand transistor circuit for beginner like myself.

  • @zadination_Channel
    @zadination_Channel Před 3 lety +1

    this is the right video i was looking for some experiment about variable flashing of led thank you

  • @subhajitsamanta612
    @subhajitsamanta612 Před 3 měsíci

    It's an Esaki oscillator. 👍 Nice representation.

  • @Dinco422
    @Dinco422 Před 5 měsíci

    Thank you for this, very well put together :D

  • @turquoisecapricorn
    @turquoisecapricorn Před 6 lety +1

    The video I was looking for!! Thank you very much!! Experimenting can begin!!

  • @elektron2kim666
    @elektron2kim666 Před rokem

    I'm creating an alarm device (beeper) on USB and needed this.

  • @AyanGhosh-ti8bm
    @AyanGhosh-ti8bm Před 6 dny

    Great video. Very much appreciate it.

  • @paulkocyla1343
    @paulkocyla1343 Před 2 lety

    Keep the leads short, or you´ll have a broadband jammer. Depending on the transistor up to 500MHz.
    It´s not the low frequency oscillation that causes it, but the rapidly falling slopes when the transistor breaks through.

  • @eformexperts
    @eformexperts Před rokem +1

    Can I use a zenar diode instead of BJT.

  • @athosworld
    @athosworld Před 6 měsíci

    I made this and it works perfectly

  • @that_it.1
    @that_it.1 Před 2 lety

    Your this video deserves 1lakhs of views 👍

  • @Noconstitutionfordemocrats1

    Why does the transister cascade due to the capacitor, but not due to the power supply alone?

  • @alexbarrosbrr197
    @alexbarrosbrr197 Před 5 lety +1

    hello! how do i make a speaker circuit to identify pwm.I don't have much knowledge in electronics and my resource is little.

  • @ArsyadKamili
    @ArsyadKamili  Před 7 lety +12

    A few days ago, I learned that this circuit is called "The Esaki Oscillator"-or something similar- and is actually quite famous.
    So, yeah ... I just feel like I need to tell you this unnecessary information, or maybe necessary for some, idk.

    • @crohkorthreetoes3821
      @crohkorthreetoes3821 Před 6 lety +2

      I appreciated the detailed layout and explanation. I now have one working and can view it on the scope. First step of the high frequency motor drive complete :) Thanks.

    • @THOMASTHESAILOR
      @THOMASTHESAILOR Před 5 lety +1

      Nice video, a joule theif circuit is kinda famous too.. I need to learn hfe and understand transistor math, do you have a video on that, or maybe point me to one. ?

  • @mdellertson
    @mdellertson Před 3 lety

    Excellent explanation. Thanks very much!!

  • @rhouser1280
    @rhouser1280 Před 5 lety +1

    Great explanation, thank you

  • @Cybergonzo1
    @Cybergonzo1 Před 2 měsíci

    what's the principle ? Is it avalanche breakdown of the transistor ?

  • @jedblow
    @jedblow Před rokem

    With the base open vce will be at vcc. Am I missing something? There should be no current flow between the emitter collector.

  • @Jasmarkelina
    @Jasmarkelina Před 2 lety

    not sure if i can use this for a DC-DC boost converter but thank you for the tutorial!

  • @AriHakim
    @AriHakim Před 4 lety

    Simple and clear. Thx for sharing.

  • @mizanurrahaman8687
    @mizanurrahaman8687 Před rokem

    Very very nice

  • @redlugsmusic
    @redlugsmusic Před 4 lety

    Awesome mate 👍😁finally got it!! 🙌🏼

  • @mr.technicalverma7506

    What is formula for find it's frequency.

  • @lanchanoinguyen2914
    @lanchanoinguyen2914 Před 3 lety +1

    good replacement for 555 ic

  • @michaelshansen7070
    @michaelshansen7070 Před 5 lety

    Thanks, cool video for a training class I am giving.

  • @mikegLXIVMM
    @mikegLXIVMM Před 2 lety

    So the transistor operates in an avalanche mode and the circuit is a relaxation oscillator?

  • @SuryanshInstrumental
    @SuryanshInstrumental Před 2 lety

    I can't understand, how transistor is working, means how emitter and collecter is connected without giving input on base pin

    • @SuryanshInstrumental
      @SuryanshInstrumental Před 2 lety

      No input on base, no output in emitter, but how in this it is working??

  • @TengizAdamashvili
    @TengizAdamashvili Před 3 lety

    I can't get it to work. How the hell is the transistor supposed to open if nothing is on the gate??

  • @wisescar
    @wisescar Před rokem

    Can I use that to control a transistor?

  • @shailmurtaza9082
    @shailmurtaza9082 Před 2 lety

    Can anyone please tell me that how can we make led blink but slowly. I mean dimming led and then lighting led slowly.

  • @amaan7745
    @amaan7745 Před 3 lety

    Hello!
    Can you also show how to connect it to bread board too please!!!! I really need to make it!!

  • @nothingrandom6428
    @nothingrandom6428 Před 5 lety

    Well done......keep uploading...keep growing

  • @Inquire98
    @Inquire98 Před 4 lety +1

    "Good", very good 😉

  • @mr.technicalverma7506

    Looks crazy 👌

  • @anonymousarmadillo6589

    Awesome video! Great explanation! But you killed my ears with that high frequency shit at the 4:31 😁

  • @kpf2875
    @kpf2875 Před 6 lety +1

    The circuit doesn't work for me. It only lits up when the base of bc547 is touched by my finger and it doesn't blink too

    • @HazeAnderson
      @HazeAnderson Před 5 lety

      I guarantee that you put a speaker in place of the LED you would be hearing sound. I can get sound but no blinking LED -- it could be wrong voltage rating but I dunno I am still just learning! 😂

    • @HazeAnderson
      @HazeAnderson Před 5 lety

      Ok I got it to work. It seems that some transistors will work with only 9V but I have a lot more testing to do. If you have a 2N2222 handy give it a shot, as well as the S9018, they *might* work with only 9V.

    • @patmb2011
      @patmb2011 Před 5 lety +2

      what doesn't blink... the LED or your finger?

    • @Korystuwatch42
      @Korystuwatch42 Před 3 lety

      Is the supply voltage bigger than 2v? Did you wire up the transistor correctly? the emitter should be connected with the resistor. and also be careful with pinout of the transistor, it always different depending on manufacturer and type.

  • @SuryanshInstrumental
    @SuryanshInstrumental Před 2 lety

    Excellent bro 👍👍

  • @aniket_Kumar001
    @aniket_Kumar001 Před 4 lety

    why don't you use a p-n junction diode in place of transistor

  • @joshuamillerknight7530

    Arsyad can u make another transistor video showing a multivibrator circuit?

  • @collinsogalloh8357
    @collinsogalloh8357 Před 10 měsíci

    Where is the transistor base connection..?

  • @gregorioberdugo9253
    @gregorioberdugo9253 Před rokem

    Are u using 9v for this?

  • @JoshRafail
    @JoshRafail Před 6 lety

    Do you have an overhead picture of the breadboard construction?

  • @mrallannewton1119
    @mrallannewton1119 Před 4 lety

    Sorry for inconvenience but I don't see.the base of the transistor connected any where!!

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 4 lety

      That's the point :) we're using the transistor in a non-usual way

  • @Philippe44
    @Philippe44 Před 6 lety +1

    Im going crazy i think, ive spent hours trying just to get a blinky light, and it just wont work, im using a 2n 3904 and 10uF cap...

    • @HazeAnderson
      @HazeAnderson Před 5 lety +1

      Are you running at least 12volts thru it?

    • @jimmyfriend532
      @jimmyfriend532 Před 5 lety +1

      use a 2n2222 npn trans. a 100uf cap and 1k resistor @ 10v worked first go.

    • @souvikdey9178
      @souvikdey9178 Před 5 lety

      I have tried it with 2n3904 , 2n2222a . With 12 V supply. Doesn't work. Using bc547 it worked, but only when I touched the base of the transistor with my fingers. What is the reason?

    • @franciscoaltaparroambort6046
      @franciscoaltaparroambort6046 Před 3 lety

      @@souvikdey9178 Maybe its too late but anyway... It happened the same to me, the thing is that the BC547 has Collector and emitter in legs 1 and 3 respectively. And the 2n3904 it is iniverted. So, you have to connected inverse from the connection shown on the video.

  • @stanleymiliza249
    @stanleymiliza249 Před 3 lety

    Sir, I am new in the field, my little understanding is that the transistor can't switch on without a base voltage of about 0.6v. a look SE your emitter isn't well connected, please help me know how it is possible

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 3 lety +1

      As I said in the description, this circuit utilizes a property of a transistor in a rather uncommon way. It is true that a transistor generally can't switch on without a specified base voltage, however, there is a limit (threshold) as to how much voltage a transistor can handle before it becomes conductive without doing anything to its base pin.
      This video shows how we can use the information of the transistor's limit to then surpass it and use it to our advantage. Hope this helps :)

    • @stanleymiliza249
      @stanleymiliza249 Před 3 lety

      @@ArsyadKamili thank you sir

    • @wadib3eed7
      @wadib3eed7 Před 2 lety

      @@ArsyadKamili You mean you used the revers bias voltage (breakdown voltage ) in a small time period ?

  • @anikettripathi7991
    @anikettripathi7991 Před 7 měsíci

    Let me try first.. It didn't work out with other videos.

  • @ziadfawzi
    @ziadfawzi Před 4 lety

    Thank you.

  • @ajohpv7033
    @ajohpv7033 Před 3 lety

    Superb

  • @apollonas70
    @apollonas70 Před 4 lety

    Hello great work here !
    Can i ask about what a difference to this schematic, have between the Bc547 and Bc547C any choice can works property ?
    Can i keep both the led and the audio out together in schematic as lighting effect, and how ?
    Greetings !

  • @foureyedchick
    @foureyedchick Před 2 lety

    This is not the only circuit where nothing is connected to the transistor's base. Optoisolators use an LED and phototransistor with nothing connected to the base.

  • @MariLesteberg
    @MariLesteberg Před 6 lety +1

    awesome video! subscribed:)

  • @turquoisecapricorn
    @turquoisecapricorn Před 6 lety

    On 4:10 you exchanged the resistor with a variable one( a potentiometer). Was this a 1K potentiometer that you used? Today I experimented with a 20K potentiometer, but I only got 1 tone.

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 6 lety

      That's a 10K one. But regardless of what you use, it should give variable tone. So maybe you connect the potentiometer the wrong way? Try checking your connections.

    • @turquoisecapricorn
      @turquoisecapricorn Před 6 lety

      No it's then I think because I use another transistor(which I recycled from a board), not a BC547-transistor. I linked the + of my 12v-adaptor to the middle leg of the potentiometer and the right leg of the potentiometer( when the pins are pointing towards you ) to the +-side of the speaker. Many thanx for your fast answer! greetz

  • @daanishmundroina3987
    @daanishmundroina3987 Před 2 lety

    Is this also changing polarities ??

  • @mysteriousone_telugu
    @mysteriousone_telugu Před 4 lety +1

    Not working bro

  • @Little_Alpine_Girl
    @Little_Alpine_Girl Před 5 lety

    Can you help me to build a simple oscillator with the output of 2hz and amplitude of 2hz? I made one but in simulation it's showing different result.

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 5 lety +1

      Why not use a simple 555 circuit?

    • @Little_Alpine_Girl
      @Little_Alpine_Girl Před 5 lety

      @@ArsyadKamili sir I have used one. But unfortunately it's not working .. can you give me a schematic? Input 9v and the output is 2hz and 2v (amplitude)

  • @enigmaflyonthewall515
    @enigmaflyonthewall515 Před 3 lety

    Thanks 👍👍👍

  • @maciejj.wrobel2532
    @maciejj.wrobel2532 Před 3 lety

    Whoah! That's Marvelous.
    Can you answer me how to make 528Hz?
    Can I use trimer 4.5-20pF, beside 150uF capacitor?

    • @Korystuwatch42
      @Korystuwatch42 Před 3 lety +1

      it is easier to use a trim resistor instead of trim capacitor

    • @Korystuwatch42
      @Korystuwatch42 Před 3 lety +1

      I think even if you reach the 528 Hz it would not be stable enough, so the frequency will swing a bit

  • @pezhmantatari8631
    @pezhmantatari8631 Před 5 lety

    That was great!

  • @user-hj5xy4xi6k
    @user-hj5xy4xi6k Před 3 lety

    awesome

  • @imake2551
    @imake2551 Před 11 měsíci

    The circuit didn't work for me :(

  • @skyline3delectronics
    @skyline3delectronics Před 6 lety

    Nice

  • @researchandbuild1751
    @researchandbuild1751 Před 6 lety

    Wouldnt a schottky diode work for this too then?

    • @ashfaqjuna
      @ashfaqjuna Před 5 lety +1

      No
      It wouldn't as it's not going to have anything to change its impedance suddenly. The transistors base gives it that change in the current going through it.
      Although you bring up an interesting point. The base of the circuit is not connected or controlled.
      You could however try a zener diode reverse biased. This would mean conductive only after a certain voltage and then switching off..

  • @rabarber9610
    @rabarber9610 Před 5 lety

    "The capacitor is charged slowly until it reaches a certain voltage point where the transistor becomes conductive." - This is quite confusing.. Can you elaborate?

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 5 lety +2

      Think of the resistor and the capacitor as a voltage divider, with a unique characteristic: a voltage divider that has a changing output voltage (the voltage between the capacitors slowly builds over time).
      When that changing output of the voltage divider reaches the threshold of the transistor, the transistor suddenly acts as a conductor. Current then flow from the voltage source and the capacitor through the LED until the voltage drops again, and the cycle repeats.

    • @franky2shoes714
      @franky2shoes714 Před 5 lety

      Is this refered as the break down voltage?

    • @Korystuwatch42
      @Korystuwatch42 Před 3 lety

      @@franky2shoes714 no))) this is the voltage that destroys the transistor)

  • @wallygrandpa
    @wallygrandpa Před 7 měsíci

    I can't get my head around what is happening. Anyone care to explain to humble me.

  • @indrajagadeesh5614
    @indrajagadeesh5614 Před 6 lety

    What can be the maximum frequency, cam it be used for rf applications

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 6 lety

      No, you can't use it for RF application. This is just for mere fun and education. As for the maximum frequency, it depends on the transistor switching speed and the components you use.

    • @user-ir2fu4cx6p
      @user-ir2fu4cx6p Před 2 lety

      @@ArsyadKamili I think some people already made it in RF application, either for receiver or transmitter.

  • @darkpink_electronics4523

    1:38 i guess the bigger one is the positive and the smaller one is the negative

  • @FroilanWINDSOLAR
    @FroilanWINDSOLAR Před 6 lety +1

    Sir can this circuit be used to drive power mosfet?

  • @wiiu7640
    @wiiu7640 Před 5 lety

    Why is it not working in a circuit emulator?

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 5 lety

      Because this circuit uses a real-world behaviour of some certain transistor

  • @srivatsajoshi4028
    @srivatsajoshi4028 Před 6 lety

    Hey, can I use a zener diode instead of the transistor

    • @SashaXXY
      @SashaXXY Před 6 lety +1

      Doesn't seem to be working for me. The LED is just dimly lit. Even a series inductor with the LED doesn't seem to be making a difference. Maybe I'll be able to pick up some tremors with the o-scope but certainly the effect is vastly diminished if at all present. Maybe someone else can build one and share working specs?

    • @srivatsajoshi4028
      @srivatsajoshi4028 Před 6 lety

      SashaXXY thanks. I am am a beginner, so I don't have an oscilloscope. Please check it in yours and reply.

    • @ashfaqjuna
      @ashfaqjuna Před 5 lety +1

      @@srivatsajoshi4028
      Try and use your computer sound card input as an oscilloscope..with caution though!

  • @ammaralyasiri4191
    @ammaralyasiri4191 Před 5 lety

    Number transistor..?

  • @patmb2011
    @patmb2011 Před 5 lety

    thanks 4 sharing this informative vid'.... just my opinion, but the music sound track is unnecessary and annoying

  • @mystwalker479
    @mystwalker479 Před 3 lety

    Yeah i think the 555 timer is a bit overrated

  • @marcelobenitezabc
    @marcelobenitezabc Před 5 lety

    ingenioso!!

  • @youpattube1
    @youpattube1 Před 6 lety

    I don't understand why you would show how to build the circuit, the when you show it working it has two led's. Why ?

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 6 lety +1

      It doesn't matter how many LEDs you use as long as the power is sufficient.

    • @youpattube1
      @youpattube1 Před 6 lety

      But when they flash I can't tell if one is flashing or both. Why do you throw in this confusing element that has to be explained in reply to a comment ?

    • @ArsyadKamili
      @ArsyadKamili  Před 6 lety

      I don't need to RE-explain the video content in the comment to you if you understand the concept in the video which you don't. So, I re-explain it to you why I use two LEDs.

  • @diamony123
    @diamony123 Před 5 lety

    I was really hoping i did not hear the 12volts thing again.

    • @murrrr8288
      @murrrr8288 Před 2 lety +1

      I know, it's annoying that all these youtube video things run on 12 Volts!

    • @emitter4dtech231
      @emitter4dtech231 Před 2 lety

      @@murrrr8288 ironically i live on 12volts in an RV with solar panel.

  • @bipulkalita5780
    @bipulkalita5780 Před 5 lety

    great, this is transistor in avalanche mode.

  • @anikettripathi7991
    @anikettripathi7991 Před 7 měsíci

    Let me try first.

  • @boxritter
    @boxritter Před 5 lety

    Dont build it . Transistor is broken after using

  • @spawninhell7152
    @spawninhell7152 Před 3 lety

    Can i get chema ?

  • @DavoRavo
    @DavoRavo Před 4 lety

    I thought I had seen this format style before, but he was German. I mean good job but it's a rip off of the Greatscott! channel..

  • @stevem1097
    @stevem1097 Před 2 lety

    Hah...good.

  • @ceff01
    @ceff01 Před 4 lety

    bull dosent work on simulator wtf

    • @ItsBoyRed
      @ItsBoyRed Před 4 lety

      Most simulators have not programmed a breakdown voltage for transistors.

  • @AkhyarKamili
    @AkhyarKamili Před 7 lety +2

    I like this modest musical background.
    //Since I cannot comment on the technical side