Why Do Rivers Curve?
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- čas přidán 18. 11. 2014
- Can you find an oxbow lake in GoogleEarth? Share your findings (pictures or coordinates) on Twitter, Facebook and other social media using the hashtag #oxbowlake
CREDITS
*********
Created by Henry Reich
Production and Writing Team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert, Ever Salazar, Kate Yoshida, and Henry Reich
Narrated by: Emily Elert
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder
"Oxbow" voiceovers by:
Vanessa Hill: / braincraftvideo
Ever Salazar: / everst88
Antoine Coeur: / minutepourlaterre
OTHER CREDITS
*****************
Waterfalls Cascading - Courtesy Shutterstock
www.shutterstock.com/video/cli...
Rio cauto Cuba - Public Domain Photo
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
Tiger Leaping Gorge - Courtesy Shutterstock
www.shutterstock.com/video/cli...
River coming from mountain - Google Earth
42°21'35.72" S 173°34'30.41" E
Meandering River - Google Earth Engine
earthengine.google.org/
Under Water 2 - Ken Mankoff
• Under Water 2
Oxbow Lake Australia - GoogleEarth
23°41'31.06" S 150°47'53.91" E
Oxbow Lake Colombia - GoogleEarth
3°20'18.70" N 70°07'10.92" O
Oxbow Lake France - Google Earth
46°55'24.16" N 5°19'28.34" E
Dry Oxbow Lake Colorado - Google Earth
32°00'06.80" N 115°07'19.81" O
Martian Rivers on Aeolis Planum - NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/PSP_006...
Mars Rover Curiosity - Public Domain Image
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...
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REFERENCES
**************
Ferreira da Silva, A. M. (2006). On why and how do rivers meander.
Howard, A. D. (2009). How to make a meandering river. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(41), 17245-17246. www.pnas.org/content/106/41/17...
Howard, A. D., & Knutson, T. R. (1984). Sufficient conditions for river meandering: A simulation approach. Water Resources Research, 20(11), 1659-1667. erode.evsc.virginia.edu/papers...
Leopold, L. B., & Wolman, M. G. (1960). River meanders. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 71(6), 769-793. www.usu.edu/jackschmidt/files...
Parker, H. (1996). River Meandering as Self-Organization Process. Science,271, 1710. www.f052.it/watch/927/meanderi...
Rhoads, B. L., & Welford, M. R. (1991). Initiation of river meandering. Progress in Physical Geography, 15(2), 127-156. www.geog.illinois.edu/~brhoads...
Schwenk, Jon. Interview. 9 July 2014.
Seminara, G. (2006). Meanders. Journal of fluid mechanics, 554, 271-297. journals.cambridge.org/action/...
Stølum, H. H. (1998). Planform geometry and dynamics of meandering rivers.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(11), 1485-1498. bruche.u-strasbg.fr/pages_prot... - Věda a technologie
Want to become our Patreon or member on CZcams? Just visit patreon.com/MinuteEarth or click "JOIN". Thanks!
you commented on your own video 6 YEARS after it was made wow
Ikr
great content and the channel itself is quite interesting..
excellent comments, beautifully said, all the subtleties of this content are noticed _ we give the author good knowledge in his self-study and in his promotion..
To all that, and we learn ourselves..
I'll tell you straightforwardly come.., visit.., add here, as I come and add to you., write.., say.., all of this will only be pleasant, this is how we teach each other, and we teach you and you teach us and teach us., to see the same, to notice the important things that we so often leave without attention, just do not notice and not rarely even miss..
Вот это показатель УМА, остроумия и РАЗУМА, ТРУДОЛЮБИЯ,, СТАРАНИЯ И НАХОДЧИВОСТИ, ТАЛАНТА, ИДЕЙНОСТИ И ОТЛИЧНАЯ СМЕКАЛКА, Браво́!
NOPE, but I will subscribe 😅
That damn squirrel from Ice Age must have caused it.
Akshay Kumar lol yeah
Dang it, Scrat! You killed some more animals!
Scrat: *_NO, I JUST WANTED TO EAT THIS SEED INSIDE THIS ACORN! PLEASE STOP SENDING ASSASSINS TO KILL ME!_*
Me: Deal with it scrat, we have other food items to eat besides acorns.
???
Me: You know what you deserve?
Scrat: What?
Me: Blue Sky Studios logo.
Scrat: NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!
Big WOW for the Mars photo at the end. I didn't know that evidence for water flowing in the past on Mars is that .. evident :D
I know. NASA should have hired these guys to make videos for them.
why do you think it has to be water?
Ivan Pupovac Good point. Could be any other liquid. I suppose. Worth finding out more about it.
I doubt it would be any other type of liquid. What liquid do you think could possibly be / have been on Mars?
Mind blown!
I love the details with the muskrat family. The two adults have a child, the child grows up and graduates (the mum either died or left), and the child moves out (the father died I think), and when the muskrat is looking at the billabong it thought that a family of other muskrats had died. Amazing attention to detail.
Enough to make a grown man cry ):
Bro.... Really??? 🤣
I’m so glad I’m not the only one who noticed it. I’m about to cry.
Amazing detail. It definitely showcases how much time has gone for that one disturbance to be created!
i think the mom left because the family portrait they ripped her off
1:18 Notice that the family picture has been torn removing one of the parent muskrat, probably the father. Their relationship must've become rocky when their child moved out of the house until they finally divorced. Mother muskrat was left to die alone, explaining the lonely set of skeleton where she once stood.
Sure, that's why the mother grew a beard to remember the father x)
Damn
Its clearly the mother that left...
It is a very sad story
Why in the hell was this in a video about lakes?
That muskrat family had my attention the whole time...
Same
XD
+Alvin Lee we witnessed a tragedy
yes
THEY DIED!!
This taught me more than 6 geography lessons
now unlearn it as it's pretty much wrong ...
@@0623kaboom wut do u mean
More than 6 geography months in my case
@@0623kaboom please state the errors
@@0623kaboom What's wrong? And if it's wrong what's the truth?
I dunno why, but I felt immensely sad when the muskrat died.
Edit: I posted this comment like 2 months late and then it blew up. How?
Same....
He's just swimming around, he'll be back soon
Wait she said that?
@@KarlMySuitcase No, there was a skull.
he took the covid jab wittymagazine.com/?s=vaccine
How rivers are formed: Muskrats making a home for themselves
Somehow, you created a really sad story about muskrats in a video explaining why rivers have curves, nice.
+Gabriel Hortaleza It's not really a sad story; they make a home, grow old, and eventually die after their young have moved on. It's the story of all life in a time lapse.
+Pierre D Roderique Not sad? At 0:54 we see dad swept away to his death and at 1:13 there's nothing but a skull. Maybe I'm reading too much into it?
The dad definitely wasn't being swept away. The muskrats need to swim out of their den every time they forage for food. The skull with the picture still hanging on the wall was sad though.
@@panner11 Yeah but the dad was torn out of the frame.
@@yahyachothia yeah, swept away
That finishing shot of Mars made me "whoa" a little bit.
Did Mars have water?
+Heckl Blaize .. doesnt have to be water , could be any kind of a liquid substance .
Not _JUST_ water can turn to ice. :/
Temperatures on mars make it improbable for other liquids to exist outside of the poles. So it's almost certainly water.
The northern pole is made of 50% frozen water and 50% frozen CO2. The southern pole has some specks of water. So there definitely is and has been water on Mars. The question is how much.
We don't know if those rivers have been formed by water. Maybe it was methane or liquid CO2 from all we know.
That Muskrat family went through more character development than the entire mcu. Oscar worthy.
lol "a little disturbance" shows Darth Vader
Lake: I sense a disturbance in the force
+SoldierCyfix
Use the force, Lake
Master, I have sensed a divergence in the lake.
Search your feelings Lake, you know it to be true
Plot twist: Lake is Luke's brother.
Plot twist: Jar-Jar is a secret Sith Master
The mars thing at the end blew my mind!!!
I was like.
"Oh, cool...wait...HOLY SHIT...W T F"
Mars possibly had flowing lakes, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc at one point, lots of former lake beds and shapes that are created by rivers/ oceans/ lakes/ etc are there: such as certain canyons on mars.
+0ion Water on Mars now confirmed!
***** Heeeell yeah!
***** i knew it, we did it!!!!!
I had garden soil dumped on my driveway and I had transferred most of it, however it rained, and when I went back to look, it had these perfect wavy ‘rivers’ where rain water had passed through the left over soil. It looked really impressive
Your statement proves this video's explanation lacking. Viktor Schauberger offered a far better explanation to why rivers / streams curve. He was brilliant.
@@peterburton3095 I don't think that specifically means it's bad ?
This taught me more than 3 hours of studying, 9 geography lessons and 2 hours of researching...
Me to lol 😂
1:13
Top 10 saddest anime deaths
No necesitaba ver eso
Rip rabbit
2008-2015
@@Mixed_Ethiopia_Countryballrabbit? They are not rabbits
0:38 Best sad story of all time xd
TheGamerBoi R.I.P. Muskrat mom and dad.
They didn't die from drowning
They ciuld have escaped
They just died of natural causes
The end.
TheGamerBoi ikr lol
i see bones :(
2:23
That was extremely educational, and reflects some of the decisions that are being made in the Netherlands about taking away retaining walls and restoring natural river routs to combat frequent flooding
Oh wow - interesting!
That was brilliant! Great video, explanation, pace even was awesome. you took something honestly that was so so interesting and explained so thoroughly yet quick and dummied it down to the perfect level. Bravo
And I studied geography for five years for what exactly?!?
I highly doubt that geography is a real science
@@BronkoBanane It is
@@MarCel-ih6ui I thought geology was a sience not geography
You studied geography so that you'd know the name of the countries outside your border or have the knowledge in how to find the said country on the map. And the name of your states/provinces/region. Stuff like that. Hey, at least when some head of government say lets go to war with country A, you'd know where that country is and its geopolitical relation with its surrounding countries and its problem with your country.
@@eleethtahgra7182 there is a lot more to geography than that
english : "this is an oxbow lake"
french : "its a d e a d a r m"
German:
uhh... old water
Yes! Old water, perfect!
@@madtheline2510 Swedish: "Sausage lake"
Dutch: horse-shoe lake.
Polish: elder River or old River (2:25 top right)
@@damianbizowski6899 not only polish, it's a slavic common. for example, russian "старица", which means "the old one"
I would like to thank my geography teacher for being here
Same bro
its MUCH better now i turned it into a rap on my channel!
I love the form factor of this video. It's so simple, the voices are pleasing, the animations keep my attention, and it's straight to the point
Mars rover speech at end translated into ASCII from binary is: "?!"
Thought you'd wanna know. ;)
I love you
oh
The mars thing was a bit of a curve ball. I knew about mars having liquid water, but seeing the river formation was a real eye opener. Its something familiar on an alien world, which is really neat!
It actually has methane rivers, not liquid water I think
@@yousefabdelgaber7498 probably means “at some point” he’s right tho it caught me off guard too. Best thing I’ve seen this week.
@@yousefabdelgaber7498 I think your confusing that with Saturn's moon Titan, mars did have water at some point leaving these river marks but no methane rivers there,
@@yousefabdelgaber7498 Titan has rivers of hydrocarbons. Mars does not.
I like the nice touch of having the rover speaking in binary while posing the question of what Martians call their oxbows. Because Mars is populated exclusively with robots.
Interesting, informative, right to the point, easy to understand, and tought me about a natural lake that i didn't even know existed, and now know how its formed. What an excellent video! Thanks guys!
Beautiful, simple, and clear. Thanks for the explanation.
1:13
Oh no! the rat and his family died :'(
😥
2:23
오 안돼! 쥐와 그의 가족이 죽었어
Muskrat*
It’s life :(
Real rivers have curves.
Yeah, not like those size zero rivers!
par ce que toi belle
Chris Anderson *Slaps face* ENGLISH!
Miguel Perez *slaps face* ITS NOT EVEN PROPER FRENSH !!
I like my rivers *curvy*
Great vid. Goes straight to the point and offers simple explanation. Thank you!
This remembers me of my class 10th geography classes, that I've almost forgotten...
Those days were just splendid,and my geography teacher were so good .
Nostalgia hits hard .. Surely !!!
My teacher has been unsuccessfully trying to explain this to us for 2 weeks, Minute Earth successfully explained this is 3 minutes.
HNK2015 viktor schauberger the water wizard. if you want the real answer
and got it wrong ... watch victor schauberger and get it right
@@0623kaboom Um...Schauberger said pretty much exactly what this video said, and what hydrologists have measured and confirmed.
HNK2015 your teacher is an idiot loll
Your teacher has really dense students.
Real rivers have curves...
+Xelipho You mean the rivers on mars are fake?
竹珍黃 No, they're real, but they aren't sexy.
Spicy 😶
T H I C C
Wow I love minuteEarth , I just found her randomly now I am hooked , love your vids .
This is a beautiful and concise video loved absolutely everything, thank you so much!
Rest in Peace Elon Muskrat
ManchmalPfosten you a genius
that is wholsome :3
The last question made me giggle, then stop, and lastly made my jaw drop to the floor.
I had known about the slingshot effect from before, but always kinda wondered if the bends would become so big that they meet again. now i know they can! thanks for explain it as well as showing great examples to understand and visualize.
This video is really educational. Thanks for making this video!
Keep up the good work!
its MUCH better now i turned it into a rap on my channel!
So Darth Vader makes rivers?.....FASCINATING
For non-savy Star Wars enthusiasts. Darth Vader is an antagonist so powerful that his actions create "disturbances in the force". The "force" is a metaphysical energy, like fantasy mana, that "force" sensitive individuals can use to manifest phenomenon. Most powerful individuals can develop a extra sensory feeling, like fantasy Seers, to read the flow of the "force" on a massive scale. Thank you for letting me nerd out o/
About six times the width per period... That's way to close to 2π for comfort, so close to a cosy sine.
Everything links back to circles :3
Have your seen this? :D Pi me a River - Numberphile
they said width of the river vs the total length not the length of the period vs the amplitude
icanotspel
The perfect imperfect ratio? ;P
Thomas David Riley So?
This cleared everything which didn't use to make sense a year back when I was in my geography classes... Thnx alot...
Very nicely explained. A good effort from the Prof. I would wish to see more such videos.
If Jesus can walk on water
Can he swim on land?
of course!..it is written...
he used to be able to walk on water ... now not so much ... he doesnt have the structural integrity to keep water from seeping up through his feet
And if He made dead alive, could he living people make dead?
Юрий Семаков yea with a gun or knife
Maybe
Check out the border between US states Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. It's interesting to see the borders were drawn a while ago when the Mississippi river used to curve certain ways. Now the river is different but the borders remained the same.
It's was pretty dope
Really
Cool!
That was really cool to look at, thanks
A question I've never asked myself but one i wanted an answer to the exact moment i saw this thumbnail on youtube. And the icing on the cake, straight to the point! You don't know how good that is. I usually jump a couple of minutes because is so much filler in the beginning. 11 out of 10!
this is some amazing content right here.
thank you so much!
01:46 The Rat Must Had A Divine Life! *Engineer In Heaven*
*or is it*
Piżmak nie szur 🌞
As my Dad once said, "Following the path of least resistance is what makes men and rivers crooked. "
Alan Lambert It is a myth that electric current takes the path of least resistance.
Electric current takes all possible paths, of all resistances. It is just that it divides itself up onto each parallel path, inversely proportional to the resistance of that path.
carultch True, I was referring to men (humans of either gender) and rivers, not electrical current.
Alan Lambert Your dad seems to be a wise man!
carultch Maybe that's the reason why electric currents aren't crooked at all, they can be shockingly straight some times...
Lucas Edd Silva Thank You, he was
GREAT VIDEO. Gave me so much value and answers to question I had and didnt have :D Thanks a lot.
First video... This was a brief but more inciteful than most longer videos. I am subscribing
its MUCH better now i turned it into a rap on my channel!
Did anyone feel sad because of the lonely otter died alone?
+peterpangggggg
The dad still had the kid though! The mom will always be remembered!
+peterpangggggg yea at least their son made a career as scientist measuring curves and width of rivers @ 1:45
Musk rat
+peterpangggggg I took it as: the child moved out, and the two elderly muskrats were the mom and dad? =)
No the child grew up, and one of them passed away since only one of them are using a cane and look old.
"what do the martians call them" you got me on that one
This video was amazing, thank you very much :)
We watch this in class last school year and I was happy because I got to watch one of my favorite channels at school
Oh no. It's year 7 geography lessons all over again. Oxbow lakes, meanders...
No! I did my time. I won't go back!
Never learned this in school... That said my state's public schools are 2nd worst in the country so that might explain why...
I wish I learned geography... People wonder why Americans are so bad at geography - they don't teach it, _at all_!
Durpanny I think it's a mostly British thing. I think. Most other countries realise that this knowledge is sort of unnecessary.
Matthew Jones Eh, I wouldn't say any knowledge is unnecessary, especially if it's about how the world works, probably just taught different things.
I love how Fractals are mentioned in this video, just very subtly
They could mention fractals in every episode if they wanted.
Limey Lassen They SHOULD mention fractals in every video. They're amazing!
Calm down Vihart
You know, after an oxbow lake forms,wouldn't the resulting river get curvy again, within the existing curves, also like a fractal? Like a koch curve maybe. Just a thought I had when they mentioned the fractals.
jamiec24925 It also reminds me of that one Vihart video where she described different types of squiggles, and which squiggle would be the most space-filling, etc
Amazing presentation!
Thank you
Short and straight to the point. If only TV ads were all like this.
Next: why does religion suck?
Why does it bother you so much?
I'm sure there's a black metal song about that lol
Because the mythologies that the religions are built upon are old and out of date, meaning the message they convey is not properly applicable to the modern world.
Verdiss I know right. Don't kill, don't steal...Super outdated.
Verdiss The mythos is only a small part of religion. For many religion helps deal with pain and problems. Helps people be charitable and kind.
The modern atheist movement seems to lack manners, patience and kindness because there is nothing there.
A world without religion would not be a utopia as atheists dream about. It would be 'the strongest survives' where morality takes a back foot to statistics.
Also atheists need to stop hijacking science like it's the same thing. It's religion vs atheism not religion vs science.
That's like religion hijacking a field and every time that field does something we be like "Fuck you atheists"
Wait. Rivers curve? Conspiracy. . .
Hahaha
Obviously the aliens did it.
You know what, ILLUMINATI bend the river !
IndraEMC That's what we heard!
THEY MOVE VIA WEATHER. Must be HAARP Clouds It must be.
This deserves the #1 Video of the 20th century title. All I wanted in a video.
Highly interesting and well explained,thanks.
if you pause it at 2:35 the inverted reliefs below the message bubble kind of spell out "USA"...
...more fodder for conspiracy
wow...
+Johnny Wright illuminati cnfirme hide ur children
OMG A CODE
+Mr. tornado I'm 7
What more proof do you need? Obama is a shape-shifting lizard-man from Alpha Centauri. Mr.President show us your galactic birth certificate.
I shared this video with my 8th grade earth science teacher and she absolutely loved it. This video taught the mechanics of rivers better than any single diagram alone and it’s helped so many students
Waah this is an amazing video! I couldn’t understand it from the book I’m reading 😭
This was cool. Thank you.
0:22
Looks like it'd be a good Bloons tower defense level.
Fun fact:
A river's
distance (line following stream from point A to B)
divided by the river's
displacement (straight line from point A to B)
is Pi. Or at least sits near Pi, and the mean of all rivers is extremely close to Pi.
See Numberphile if you care to look into it.
Jonathan Fowler your comment fits your profile picture
❤️
Assume that river's shape is close to a perfect S shape then it is simply perimeter / diameter = pi. Thanks for the fun fact.
At first i did not believe what you've said and checked it (by using google maps) and the results were shocking!
-just kidding, it was no where near near pi, unsurprisingly they are around 1.5 to 4.25 (of course my calculations might be wrong)
Wut??
was looking for this answer for years :) ty a lot
I love how I had to watch this for my class.
Same😭🤚
its MUCH better now i turned it into a rap on my channel!
Really excellent video, thank you.
Not too many things can blow my mind....but this video was one of them. This was really cool to learn!
Very nicely and intuitively explained!
but not in a 2 mintue rap like my rivers video its not....
informative and to the point and NO FREAKIN ADS
1:28 It's called a thallwag. The strongest thallwag is the one that is not in contact with the river banks.
This chapter is honestly the easiest chapter of Physical Geography. I used to be able to explain rivers, meanders, waterfall, gorges, deltas, braided rivers, etc in one go. I wish I could still do that. I felt so smart back then.
:(
*wrong* The word is thalweg and it is the line that joins the lowest points of the river bed's cross section (or on land of a valley). It derives from the German geological term Talweg, literally meaning 'valley way'. It is never where the strongest current is, as that is slowed down towards the margins of the bed due to friction. The lineof the strongest current is called the current thread.
Neat and quick explanation for something that I didn't know I cared about, this channel is great.
Yes
good lord i love this. this is so interesting!
Damm the rat must have been a motivation speeker. He proved that all it takes to bring a big change is just confidence and small step...
bruhh bro
My question: did the rivers on Mars, since they're subjected to different gravity, have a different ratio of periodicity of their curviness to width?
Your the only one who actually helped me understand undercutting thanks
Omg I remember watching this in class like 6 yrs ago. Good times!
This video was shown to me in class, and now I’m recommended it
That picture of a dried river on Mars... woah.
This is my favourite minute earth video! That aha moment that made me understand why rivers meander was just amazing. I hope my content can have the same explanatory power as yours does one day.
This was awesome !
Brilliant work!
0:50 what kind of school did he go to? He got a diploma!
Perhaps the Univeratsity...
University of Muskow
lmaoo
Didnt realise I needed to know this. Thank you!
I cry myself to sleep to your videos
Algorithm chooses me to revisit this simple yet intuitive geography video
Hahah, I finally know what a billabong is.
Once a jolly swagman camped by a billabong
I know right!!! I just knew it was a small lake near a river. But not the details...
***** You know that a Billy is actually a Camping Kettle right,
Did the dingo eat the baby in the billabong?
that last question hit me hard!
Same here :D
EB Productions Try converting what Curiosity says, 0011111100100001, to text somewhere like here. www.roubaixinteractive.com/PlayGround/Binary_Conversion/Binary_To_Text.asp
Good explanation. Thank you!
I have been getting this recommended for some time now, but today I was just like; ok, now is the time.
If anyone cares the rover at the end is saying "?!"
+Geometry Dash Llamadog Thanks, you saved me some time.
Llamadog thnx for the meaning
I was wondering what it said!
Llamadog thanks I wondered about hat too
What does your phone dream about at night?
💤 1010100010001000
💤 10101111000101000
💤 101000010101111100101
☁️
📱
Get it? Hahahaha
Nobody:
MinuteEarthumbnails: D A R T H V A D E R
Nobody-memes are out of date. you may leave now
Because a disturbance caused it...
A disturbance in the force.
May the fourth be with you!
(For future readers of this comment I'm writing this on 4th May 2020)
@@MarCel-ih6ui vvm0N AZXa2Z ZZZ OX
Ooo Starorzecze, jak miło jest zobaczyć własny język tak kompletnie spontanicznie.
2:30 0011111100100001 translates to '?!'
Nice catch :)
Oskar Evans what?
it's binary code, kiera, the language that computers "talk" in
adza botchway I mean what dose it say
Kiera Wiggins it says "?!"