The Philosophy of Martin Heidegger
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- čas přidán 15. 05. 2024
- Martin Heidegger is the greatest philosopher of the 20th century for many - from Giles Deleuze to the alt-right and undoubtedly one of the most controversial characters in the history of philosophy. In this episode we will look at the life and philosophy of Martin Heidegger and his masterpiece Being and Time. We also explore his lesser-known later philosophy after going through what scholars call 'Die Kehre' or 'The Turn". At this point, we see Heidegger on technology and the dangers the technological worldview presents to us today. We also talk about his association with the National Socialist party in Germany and Heidegger's controversial embrace of them as rector at the University of Freiburg before turning his back on them as being part of the technological problem.
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Further Reading:
- Collins, J., 2015. _Introducing Heidegger: A graphic guide_. Icon Books Ltd.
- Wheeler, Michael, "Martin Heidegger", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
- Frede, D., 1993. The question of being: Heidegger’s project. _The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger_, _2_.
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⌛ Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
2:27 The Life of Heidegger
9:47 The Early Heidegger
12:07 The Mature Heidegger: Being and Time
14:51 The Mature Heidegger: Dasein
19:45 The Later Heidegger
💚 Patreon: patreon.com/thelivingphilosophy
⌛ Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
2:27 The Life of Heidegger
9:47 The Early Heidegger
12:07 The Mature Heidegger: Being and Time
14:51 The Mature Heidegger: Dasein
19:45 The Later Heidegger
Have you ever made a video based on the concept of “The Crime of Being?”
@@TCZ17090 never heard of it what is it?
@@TheLivingPhilosophy
It's a novel written by Alice Lichtenstein.
I don't know but maybe the question was from a bot.
@@william6223 Ah thanks for the clarification William
Listening to your video makes me wonder if you have a degree in philosophy, or theology. What is your education, if I may ask?
Thank you. I never studied philosophy at Uni. I never went to Uni. I didn't realize I was a born philosopher, I thought I was a cook or a truck driver. My mind, my intellect and something else have craved this study all my life. I'm an old guy now, and I sit there saying 'yes' out loud to so much of Heidegger's thinking. i find the limits of language to confront the unknown most distressing. The need for new words is dire. Nothing has more restrictive inertia than the available words of the day. Thanks Again
Hello, I hope this comment finds you well, I habe stumbled upon your comment with the rheme of ideas being heldback due to the limitations of language. This made me recall of Leibniz's concept of Characteristica universalis. I implore you to take a crack at this concept, I thought it was a good avenue to learn more about language and representing ideas and concepts.
@@huhulili9021 thank you, i will look into it :)
"Nothing has more restrictive inertia than the available words of the day." ... The irony of you putting this so beautifully haha.
Finally someone intelligent willing to take Heidegger seriously! Thank you!
Thanks Abe!
Excellent review of Heidegger. As an academic who has read him for three decades, I can say this is the best CZcams introduction I've seen.
That means a lot thank you
Man, I love you. Impressive how you manage to talk so profoundly about this complex philosopher. Precisely because he likes to be instrumentalised for one direction or another, it's not easy. I love watching your videos because you don't make it easy for yourself by using common narratives. In these stormy times I feel in good hands here!
Thanks Tani! That's really good to hear I do thrash around a little looking for my own understanding. This one took a few rewrites before it clicked
I think, the basic thought of Heidegger is the „Ontological Difference“. If you really want to understand his thinking, it is necessary to know what that means. Unfortunately, the basic issue of the „Ontological Difference“ has not been mentioned in this video.
Mind blown this is the best and most listenable review of Martin Heidegger that I've ever heard thank you so much
Thanks a million Andrew! It's something that I've wanted to learn about so it's great to be able to share what I've learned in a slightly digestible form! Glad you enjoyed it!
Wonderful video, as always!
Scholars like Heidegger are really interesting case studies.
I know that there are many who believe it's possible to compartmentalize and separate between a person's genius and their morality (or lack thereof), but it's so difficult for me to accept that a person can be so knowledgeable, curious and creative with their mind and yet still have such erroneous and monstrous beliefs. I think that's what Levinas was saying, it's harder to "forgive" those who are capable of truly understanding the consequence of their bigoted beliefs.
Thanks Arthropology and yeah you make a very good point. I'm not quite sure where I land on it in the end. I think with his intelligence and his luxury for distance and reflection there's higher stakes at play
You got your morality from a marvel movie.
Association and support for the Nazi party is not a crime, or indicative of a monstor in any way whatsoever. the rise of the party promised good things for germany and german people. It is post defeat that the narrative acont tqakes a moralistic stand of pure opposition to it. I nfact it was many things and cpmprose dmany people, includiing bulderws buiding homes, farmers on farms, philosphers. Now we should turn to speak of the carpt bombing of the non-military target of |Dresden by Curchill, just one henious war crime by the man. CHurchill was no tin the NAzi party and did not support it, so doe sthat make the killin gof tens of thousandds of civiliands woth carpet bombing OK? Yes it does, acording to the current way of thinking, who will evade the quesiton in order to excuse the action. So all mainstream thought is abetting a henious criminal, because such crimes are n ot relative at all. It's crime, even in war.
Acho que você coloca justamente o fato biográfico que a partir do momento em que foi denunciado o envolvimento de Heidegger com o nazismo abalou o prestígio do pensador que ele foi. Mas acho também que esse ponto continua obscuro e um esforço no sentido de seu esclarecimento (que ele próprio se recusou a dar...), continua a espera. Não me parece satisfatório, tendo em vista o único ponto de seu pensamento que nos interessa e faz pensar, "a diferença ontologica", que está tenha algo a ver com o nazismo. Seja como for,
Yes, it seems Aristotle is responsible for this diminished sense of the value of Being in western Philosophy. As Pierre Grimes says, it's probably because scholars prefer to just read Aristotle rather than dig into the Pre-Socratics, which goes into his distinction between scholarship itself and the true philosophical tradition.
It's interesting that the few who sought to revive Philosophy, had to dig back beyond Aristotle into the pre-socratics.
I just heard of this philosopher this morning while reading about philosophers that supported the early Nazi movement. This has definitely helped my understanding.
Glad it helped Pibby
Not particularly "early". More like "already well established ".
As far´s I know, it took several years until the regime really got a strong hold on all walks of life by various ways of "transformation" (from the rather weak Weimarean democray into full fledged Nazi-totalitarianism, that is). It took at least until 1936, the year of the Olympic Games in Berlin, when it slowly began to get really rough - while, by the way, A. Hitler had still important admirers in the "West", like W. Churchill. Well, three years before, in 1933, many people (from the left, the right, and the middle) still seem to have seen the "leader" as the "least bad evil" - they feelt that the "Weimarer Verhältnisse" still got worse and worse with every year and had somhow - different peoples and parties proposed different "cures" - to be stopped. So, it weren´t only Nazis who held some hopes for "betterment" - and the ones who thought to really hold the power, like Van Papen, who signed the "empowerment" bill, thought "barking dogs don´t bite", this temporary "state of emergency" would not last very long. Well, he erred, as so many others did - and, mutatis mutandis, still do. - That would be my take on it. @@prometheusboat
As a loyal subscriber, I'd like some more of this, thanks :) Heidegger is a fascination and a black box for me, so, more vids on this please and thank you.
This is the best video on Heidegger I’ve seen (including those of professors). Thank you!
Amazing content as always, your videos enrich many lives, thank you for your continued effort in making such high-quality videos
Thanks for the kind words Sebastian that means a lot
Really enjoyed this. Great stuff. Thanks for explaining about his background & character. I’ve seen quite a few videos etc on him however in general they’ve tried to translate his work and go into lots of detail about what they thought he meant. This was great! Unbelievably I’m still waiting on my bank stuff!!!
Delighted you got a lot out of it Danny! And please don't worry about that other stuff on my account
Grateful for this excellent take on this man and his work! I have his works on my bookshelf and intend to scour their contents once I have digested some other significant works from the past, but this video proves to be an illuminating synchronicity which I find myself interested in, especially as it correlates with the need for a proper comprehension of how individuals should traverse a society that seeks to destroy every form of sacred conceptions of reality that it can find. That coupled with the synopsis of his work Being and Time definitely gives me greater onus to delve into that work sooner rather than later, seeing as the very fiber of being is a crucial thing to comprehend if we would as a collective survive the act of gazing deep into the abyss.
Delighted to hear it Ian! I must say that I was almost entirely ignorant of his later works before making this video and I'm really curious about it now. there's seems to be a lot of important gold buried in there
I agree with H. that the self radically conceals being. This was Neitzche's tragic error. Great show!
More on Heidegger please.
Your content continues to improve my friend, really good introduction to Heidegger, which I wished had been done almost a decade ago when I first read his works. If one wasn't already into his philosophy, this video should easily and efficiently lead to that. Regards.
Thanks a million Zarathustra that's high praise!
this is more abstract and difficult to comprehend, i will have to re listen to it again. I dont have philisophical training but thanks i appreciate what you are doing.
Your video is a worthy complement to Tao Ruspoli's documentary "Being In The World" from 2010. Great job.
Yes, finally!
A long time wish of mine - thanks, it made my day!
Delighted to hear it Dusko!
interesting thank you, it's been quite a few years since i was at uni, but that was a great refresher on Heidegger! covered the main points i remember from lectures / exams and introduced some new ideas. am left pondering what heidegger's thoughts on the concept of power were and how he'd compare and contrast with Arndt. Nutzis suck, just finished a bio on Franz Boas that was really good, and it explored the influence of US thinking and policy making on Germany, South Africa, Italy, Japan, etc.
This is a very fine introduction to Heidegger. Thank you so much, James!
Thanks a million Tim glad you enjoyed it!
Already a great video on Hedinger,, Thanks granma , You are the best.
What is “Is”? That’s a great phrasing of the perennial question. Mind and matter seem, and quite rationally so, different things, but they are only the two irreducible things with which we feel we need to identify as. Is-ness is what pervades both and is thus neither and both at the same time. Is-ness requires neither to be “Is”. Here would be Heidegger’s “God”.
Very enlightening video Thank You 🖤🌹🔥
Very good initial presentation of Heidegge r and his life. Thhanks.
Absolutely brilliant.
Fabulous video 🙏🏻💖
Thomas Kuhn lifted his central ideas from a man named Ludwik Fleck. He deserves credit and attention.
incredibly well done
Great video.
The editing is really good, it is not easy to make a 20 minute video on Heidegger this entertaining.
Whilst maintaining a fairly in depth overview of his life and thought progression(thought life).
PS i will grant him that the German language is great.
I don't speak it but sein, dasein, seinsfrage
The composite nature of the language is cool.
Sein und Zeit and Zeit und Sein.
PS ps the presocratics do seem underappreciated to me have you done a video on Parmenides VS Heraclitus(i think they are both really interesting).
Thank you! I did do a video in the first 100 days on Heraclitus which was looking at how both him and Parmenides were mirror images of each other both advocating being and becoming but I haven't tackled Parmenides directly yet. I read a lot of scholarly stuff on him in my university days and it was enough to make me wary of what I say so I've been a bit more cautious with him
what’s up man. have a good tuesday!
Thank you kindly!
I feel smarter now. Thanks James!
Haha thanks Apologist
Greetings from Paraguay! Thank you so much for all your videos good sir. 16:04 you talk about Kant kind of healing the schism, where could i find information to read about this healing process? Thanks!!
Another excellent exhibition. congratulations for your channel. I would like to have the names of the paintings that illustrate the video.
Thanks a million Klaude! I do hope some point to be organised enough to list all the paintings in the description of maybe on the website but for now I'm happy to answer to any that you do have a question about and link you to them it's not ideal but hope it's helpful
The painting appears in the 18th minute.
I like the Hilma af Klimt swan paintings you included.
I was introduced to the works of Heidegger in college by my philosophy professor. I have always been intrigued with Heidegger's views on technology and how it separates man from the natural world.
Much of the artwork presented is wonderful; if you have time, please list the names so I can research them. The presentation of the philosophy is outstanding. Thank you.
I really appreciate that. Unfortunately I'm still not organised enough to create pages to go through the artwork however if there's any particular artwork you like send me a timestamp and I'll let you know what it is or if you email me I'll send you on the folder of images I used for the video
I loved your video on Heidegger and you got me interested in the future video you promised on being and time. Is it near?
Glad to hear it handsomebob! No update on Being and Time as of yet though it is high on the list
@@TheLivingPhilosophy thank you for your responsiveness. I’ll look out for that video in the future.
Hey man thank you for your video, great stuff as always. My University has stopped teaching about Heidegger due to the Nazi roots.. sort of a baby and a bath water situation . Keep up your good work!
My pleasure! I didn't realise things had gotten to the stage where he wasn't being taught. That's interesting
@@TheLivingPhilosophy I can't speak for everywhere in the US- this is at a liberal arts university in Washington state, USA-- they essentially branded him as all bad and thus excluded him from potential discussion. It's a real shame as it limits young minds from seeing things from multiple perspectives and being able to learn how to extract useful ideas even from those that make one feel uncomfortable. At least at this school, the safetyism has become a bit too much.
@@OceanicMind Yeah it's interesting. I just expected that Heidegger would be to some degree excepted because of his immense influence on the Continental tradition especially Derrida but I guess not
Heidegger is great and the proper exit to any living philosophy as being-in-the-world rather than arbitrary probabilities of a they self in an integrated system of absolutes
I saw his not resigning from the Nazi Party as his not denying that period of his own becoming. After all Hannah Arendt visited him after. His "Turn" about poetry influenced me in my life.
A Very lucid explanation of one of the most difficult philosophers. Please make some videos about Alfred Whitehead, Georg Hegel, Claude Levi-Strauss & Ouspensky
Quando se pede para para o excepcional expositor de Heidegger que faça vídeos de outros grandes filósofos da tradição, inclusive de Ouspenski, me ocorre que o pedido não é exorbitante. De fato, quem demonstra dominar um pensador como Heidegger há de facilmente dominar outros a partir da luz do que compreende.
tks so much ! love you !
Good video.
wonderful thank you
Superb.
Thanks Zevi!
Heidegger was THE intellectual juggernaut who ended philosophy. Didn't bother writing his planned part two of or even finishing Being and Time. He said go read a poem or paint a picture. That's how you'll get what he's talking about. Not in reading books about thoughts and concepts.
That was Hegel. Not even Heidegger could've written a book like The Science of Logic. Heidegger himself has said it was Hegel who "ended' Philosophy. He was the last of the great system builders in history after Kant. Hegelian dialectics is the most traumatic and influential idea in modern Philosophy. All thinkers after Hegel have tried to mark a distance (without success, of course) with regard to his thought.
Excelente, gostei!
@IvoMaropo Heidegger então não seria mais um filósofo mas um noviço do Ser? Um pensador, conforme Otto Pogeller, a espera de um novo começo?
Thanks!
at the moment I just see the fundamental study of being as a little too speculative for me
I feel that the more fundamentally you go, the more speculative your postulations become
but I wonder if thats because I lack, even basic, knowledge in the field
so I should look into Heidegger more to understand it properly
"sometimes you dont even know, what you dont know"
could prove quite interesting tbh, thanks for this one o7
I agree 八神こう with the point about speculation but on the other hand I think that it's only by pioneering into these deep unknowns do we slowly make these domains consciousness. My take is that this speculation into the chaotic realms of the unknown is how we have to come to build islands of knowledge in an ocean of noise. It's audacious which makes it very hard to understand since what is being spoken of is only coming to consciousness for the first and still hasn't been digested enough to be readily understood. Or at least that's my frame when studying these subjects. It's quite a charitable one I guess but it helps with the curiosity to dive into them
@@thotslayer9914 Yeah there's one for the channel here: discord.gg/XNd4gTpfu9
Ontology is a thorny and dangerous plane of inquiry that touches the very root and ground of life.
You know you are getting somewhere when you discover that it is terrifying and that "existential" is a genre of horror.
But quite rightly, it is speculative because we as extant beings cannot separate ourselves from being and make it an object of study the way we can regard planets from great distances with telescopes, yet there in lives the value of it.
The underlying purpose -- what you might call the ontology of ontology -- is that it is insoluble. And so it is extremely useful for teaching humility, the sense of one's ignorance, and, with patience, the marvel of existence and how fascinating it is that we live.
To touch the imponderability of ontology is to catch a shocking glimpse of the divine. And "the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom."
what is the source for the quote in 8:09?
(cited by Elzbieta Ettinger [from Arendt's letter, 8 February 1950 to Heinrich Bluecher, Library of Congress], in Arendt and Jaspers, Correspondence, p. 28)
Grazie.
Hey at 7:23 what painting is this, please help thank you!
Melancholy by Edvard Munch
Thank you so much, these videos have been a delight for me, amazing work!@@TheLivingPhilosophy
@@logia7Ah I'm delighted to hear that thank you
Remarkable
Hey James, Great video thanks! Does this passage from Being and Time undermine the Postmodern version of truth being relative? "Because the kind of Being that is essential to truth is of the character of Dasein, all truth is relative to Dasein's Being. Does this relativity signify that all truth is 'subjective'? If one Interprets 'subjective' as 'left to the subject's discretion', then it certainly does not. For uncovering, in the sense which is most its own, takes asserting out of the province of 'subjective' discretion, and brings the uncovering Dasein face to face with the entities themselves. And only because 'truth', as uncovering, is a kind of Being which belongs to Dasein, can it be taken out of the province of Dasein's discretion. Even the 'universal validity' of truth is rooted solely in the fact that Dasein can uncover entities in themselves and free them." ~Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, edited by Macquarie and Robinson, p.270.
Interesting citation. It sounds even a bit like a famous passage in the "Treasure and Eye of the True Law" (Shôbôgenzô) by the mediaeval Sôto-Master Dôgen Kigen on "Studying oneself, means: ...". Well, Martin Heidegger´s philosoph clearly was - among other "things" - also inspired by Eastern and Western "mystics", like Meister Eckhard and the relatively famous Rinzai-"missionary" Daisetzu Teitarô Suzuki.
I like the idea of “it didn’t matter who won the war; technology won”
Can anyone cite a reference for Heidegger's attempted suicide after ww2? I have read an account of this but can't recall the source of this grim, but little mentioned event.
Huh that's fascinating I'd never heard that story I'd be curious to hear myself
The Black Forest
Hmm
I would have liked if you expanded more on how the Nazi view ties into some of his philosophical views. You hinted that there was a deeper connection there but never really explored it.
Isn't Dasein also the idea about humans being the creators and the created? As in, we are the beings that inevitably create themselves?
Acho que essa é mais a ideia de Marx. Quanto a Heidegger penso que o Dasein, atentando para o fato de a palavra ser composta do adverbo "ai" é do verbo "ser" que ele é o lugar onde se manifesta o Ser; ou seja, o aí do Ser.
Pelo menos, é também como entendo o pensar para Heidegger: o estar a escuta do Ser. Ou, já na "virada" para a poesia, a inspiração do poeta, o que remete a invocação de Homero pelo favor das musas.
So, this Heidegger dude posed the question of beeing. Please help me, i am not very bright, what was his answer please? ...
Martin Heidegger was i.m.o. first and foremost an explorer, trying to "get back to the things themselves" (as Edmund Husserl put it). Follwing this deconstructivist maxim, one general advice - especially addressed to the guild of conventional philosophers, that is - was: Go back to the "roots", i.e., to the Pre-Socratics and, starting from there, try for a "new beginning" (´neuen Anfang´)! And one of the basic steps towards this goal would be, first of all: Try to overcome the orthodox, old-school "Onto-Theologie", which inauthentically reifies "Being" (Ger.: ´Sein´), of which we may get some glimpses of, now and then, so to speak, into "being" (Ger.: ´Dasein´) as a "thing" (among all the other ones).
Well, some (post)modern Euro-Daoists even asssume that Martin Heidegger, the "Waldschratt vom Schwarzwald", was "at heart" a kind of "anonymous Zenist". And they, therefore, propose to all "wayfarers" taking Master Dôgen´s panacea of "Just mind sit[ting Zen]!" (Jap: ´Shi kan taza!´, Ger.: "SitZen, nur SitZen und nix als SitZen!" [Vorsicht Wortspiel! Gleins Schbässle gmachd!]). - Well, does it work? I won´t dare to say.
Well, You may at least get a hunch of which ways some generic answers would tend to go.
👍
Heidegger, the type of grandpa to tell you to play outside with the kids instead of wasting your youth farming some particular pixels in front of a TECHNOLOGICAL screen.
Technology makes sense for the fittest. Only survivors can enjoy the poetry of nature, right? As long as the technology backbone keeps us alive, we get the chance (and hopefully the time) to enjoy poetry and the arts.
As a enthusiast of Wittgenstein I woldn't quote his early quote about the limits of the language. In his late philosophy Wittgenstein doesn't seek the new words and new forms of language (Philosophical Investigations paragraph 133). He is more focused on solving existing one's problems and misunderstandings. In early philosophy (tractatus) he believes that solving philosophical problems is neither usefull nor succesfull (introduction and paragraph 6.52). Both are very far from Heiddeger point of view, hence, I would be more carefull with quoting Wittgenstein.
Fair point
also Hannah Arendt praised the German language to the point to recognise/define herself predominantly as a German speaker with no national roots
Hannah Arendt accuses Heidegger of being a liar-😆 She was sleeping with a married man!
What is it with some philosophers and Nazism?
I mean even Cioran was kind of involve in it, no?
*Based Heidegger. In everyway*
“What is “there” becomes “here” when you reach it; likewise, your today disguises itself in the form of tomorrow.”
“So long as you do not resume silence, the distinction of appearance and reality
will remain; a thread not tied by a knot must always have two ends.”
“As long as silence reigned (i.e., as long as there was no verbalization of Reality)
all was calm and undisturbed; it is the tongue of man that has given a hot-bed of stormy waves to the ocean (of life.).”
~ Abdul Qadir Bedil
Heidegger’s notion of thinking and poetry to situate Bedil’s “position” in a contemporary idiom. For Heidegger, “There is a thinking more rigorous than the conceptual.” Heidegger’s philosophy meant something that reminds us more of Arab (also inclusive Muslim and eastern philosophers) philosophers than modern Western post-Cartesian philosophers. It appears that the view of
aims and definition of philosophy he approves of is more a kind of mysticism than philosophy as generally taken by the moderns. Key points in Heidegger that make engaging with him possible for a mystical poet like Bedil include Being, Mystery, Death, Poetry. The quest for Being is a mystical project and the ways to it - thinking, poetry. The primary complaint against philosophy is that it
has forgotten the the question of Being, and this task has to be carried out by the poet. Instead of calculative thinking, he calls for meditative thinking that “contemplates the meaning which reigns in everything that is” (Heidegger 1966: 46) and that can consist simply in “dwell[ing] on what lies close to us and
meditate[ing] on what is closest…” (Heidegger 1966: 47). He proposes for accessing the Truth of Being something like “learned ignorance” of the mystics, and attention to something too close to requiring “building complicated concepts.” Instead, “it is concealed in the step back that lets thinking enter into a questioning that experiences…” (Heidegger 1977: 255). The problem occurs only for representational thought to tackle such a primordial, pre-reflective encounter with fundamentally simple Being. Heidegger
requires a kind of will-less waiting, or as he says, a kind of “releasement,” for this experiencing of Being
(Heidegger 1966: 62, 66). He calls for, like mystics, opening up the human spirit, standing naked before the Mystery, perfecting the faculty of attention, forgetting the manipulating, willing, technological self that modern man has been reduced to, to lose the self in doing, in work, and “letting the world light up, clear up, join itself into one in manifold self-appropriations, letting us find in it a real dwelling place instead of the
cold, sterile, hostilery which we find ourselves” (Hafstadter 1971: xvii)
An except from BEDIL’S TEXT OF SILENCE by Muhammad Maroof Shah
Another morally misguided, but brilliant mind you should discuss is Theodore Kaczynski.
The more languages one learns the more the more one can see how they control our thoughts and views of the world. German does have a greater capacity to create new words than, for example, English or French or Spanish. People shouldn't get too hung up on the Nazi angle as most of history consists of shameless lies told by the winners. The Americans dropped bombs on German and Japanese civilians, threw tens of thousands of their own citizens into terrible concentration camps, and according to some killed thousands of Germans in post-war camps. We call their war the "good" war, as opposed I guess the baddie war.
If you learn languages WELL you get past the grammatical curiosities...
@@JK-ji3kl To learn languages well, you should ignore grammar.
Bill Clinton did 😂
"lifelong Nazi"?
Your video is like someone describing a car's journey without being in the car. You obviously like to sound intelligent, but haven't gotten to the meat of it...
I find the presenter hard to follow and was wondering why but maybe that's it. There seem to be a lot of philosophy channels like this. At least I got a vague feel for Heidegger's background 😶
Heidegger dropped out of the nazis around 1938 ie before the holocaust. You're lying.
He wasn’t a life long Nazi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism
Grazie.
Grazie mille umberto