Fall of Asia Minor AD1261-1329
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- čas přidán 8. 06. 2024
- This video is a collaboration with Ottoman History Hub where I esplore the reasons for the fall of Asia Minor to the Turks in the 13th-14th centuries from the eastern Roman perspective. Ottoman History Hub shall cover the fall of Asia Minor from the Ottoman perspective.
Watch Ottoman History Hub's video:
• Birth of the Ottomans:...
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Music Credits:
'Siberia' by Graeme Norgate from TimeSplitters 2 by Free Radical Studios.
'Sad Times' by Robert Euvino from Stronghold by Firefly Studios.
'Time' by Ed Lima and Steve Maitland from Empire Earth by Stainless Steel Studios.
'Confederation of the Rhine' by Alexey Omelchuk from Cossacks 2: Battle for Europe by GSC Game World
All images used are for educational purposes, if I have used a piece of art and you would like me to credit you, please contact me and I shall do so.
First this and then Dovahhatty uploads the Fall of Rome, sad feels all around.
If Andronikos III had lived longer, he might have succeeded in recovering all of Greece and if the civil war was avoided, the Ottomans don't cross over and take Gallipoli.
Perhaps over time he also reclaims Asia Minor, the Ottomans probably wouldn't be able to rise as a Major Power, and if Reforms were implemented like others had Intended them to work, during John III's reign.
So many mistakes. It really needed a lot of effort for the Romans to lose Asia Minor.
It was the mistakes along with the incompetence of the people!
those stupids civil wars 1376-1379
It was fun working with you Daniel!
Same here Ege
Thank you for this video. Literally no one ever covers this topic. Despite over a year of on-and-off searching, the most I knew about the situation in Asia Minor 1261-1337 (before watching this) was the 1295 rebellion, the battle of Bapheus, and the Catalan company's counterattack.
It was actually Ottoman History Hubs suggestion and I am glad he did because it was a really fascinating topic to research and make a video about. I am glad it was informative.
My heart....
Could you make a video on the obscure yet interesting history of Philadephia up until its final conquest by the Ottomans?
IF I have to point a finger I would aim to Angelid dinasty . One "emperor" worst than the one before
Always wondered how the Roman ownership of Philaadelphia worked, considering it didn't fall until 1390, making it the last holdout in Anatolia despite being a tiny exclave in the middle of Lydia.
I'm pretty sure it was a Byzantine vassal that was forced to cooperate with the Ottomans rather than being conquered outright, which prolonged its survival.
Nikomedia was the last. It was recovered from around 1400 to 1420 following a treaty with the ottimans
Great video Daniel! Always fascinated by your presentations.
Thanks Stephen. It was a really interesting topic to cover.
The other problem the Palailogi had in Anatolia is that they never had the power to hit the Ottomans in their home base and weaken them. The best they could hope for was to fend them off for as long as possible.
The death of John II Komnenos destroyed the chance of total reconquest of Anatolia.
True but manuel had many chances to retake it but he blow it
Michael VIII wasn't so bad after all, I see him a bit like the 13th century Theodosius I
Constantius II or Constantius III?
@@causantinthescot Constantius II
@@poweeceldran310 Michael VII was more Constantius II or Theodosius I?
@@causantinthescot For me more of a Theodosius I, his son Andronikos II was more of an Arcadius and Honorius combined.
@@poweeceldran310 And Constantius III though. He had a son who was just a huge pile of poo like Michael VIII's.
Excellent great summation
I'm still here with my suggestion for a video about how cool the empire was.
Poor child
@@Insectoid_ ohh my favourite person
so cool, best channels Great work!.
What a lovely channel. Feeds my obsession with this area.
Excelente vídeo, como sempre!!!! Parabéns!!!!
Cheers
Watch Ottoman History Hub's video:
czcams.com/video/ZIyKpQU0dcI/video.html
What would’ve been the outcome of Byzantium had the 4th crusade not happened?
The music at the beginning of the video, is it just me or is that music also heard in the video game Stronghold?
I know it comes a little after the period you're discussing but the marriage of Orhan and Theodora always left me in wonder!
I am currently playing as Armenia in Rome total war. Still have a long war of attrition with the Scipi in Asia minor. Kill so many Roman soldiers yet they keep sending stacks after stacks. They also keep refusing my peace treaty. Annoying...
The crumbling of the empire into several rump States after the 4th crusade clearly let the Palaiologoi to be as incompetent as they wanted, as they were left with no opposition, since all the rulling classes that could overthrow them were rulling other States in Greece.
Epic
Can someone point out to me where was the fortress of "Comas", mentioned by Anna Konmenos in the Alexiad?
Is that Timesplitters?!!!
Yes, Siberia from TS2
Question: Did most of the Greek speaking inhabitants of Anatolia convert to Islam between 1071-1328?
I'm assuming it would have taken centuries upon centuries for there to be a Muslim majority there, just like in Syria, Egypt, Jordan, parts of Iraq, etc, still had a Christian majority up until the 19th-20th century, 1200 years after Muslim conquest. I believe Lebanon still might have a Christian majority.
Edit: The population was still 25% Christian in 1914, and even higher before 1894(with Armenians).
Ottomans imported everyone they could to settle on their lands, as they wanted to make greeks minority as fast as possible, thats why for example they tolerated jews and let them settle, also they took children from all balkan countries and ukraine and then assimilated them... I think that on average turks have around 10% asian(mongol turkic) genes if you are interested to search more about topic, then try to find smth about "human phenotypes" in turkey and stuff like that...
For sure some greeks converted and assimilated, but they had large ethnic areas of greeks till population exchange after 1921 you can search about that on wiki...
@Basilis16 Agoris what, maybe asian percentage is wrong, but rest is true
@Basilis16 Agoris the original ottoman forces were made up mostly of Byzantine converts to Islam
@@histguy101 are the caucaus region europe or asia or both?
There are several moments I think the Eastern Romans should have made up for or have prevented further worsening including Doukid, Komnenian, and Angelid era prior to the Palaiologans -
1. Manuel I should have executed his bad-ass cousin Andronikos I before he ascended to the throne himself in place of his own son Alexios II.
2. Manuel I should have got re-married and given birth to his male heir both earlier so as to grow into adulthood earlier and be less threatened by powerful relatives, (Andronikos I in real history)
3. Once the Angelids seized power, they should have prevented from remaining Komnenians from seceding by themselves via power and deceits, e.g. betrayal and following exile or exectuion after promise of safety. (In real history, seperate polity of deposed Andronikos' direct descendants' in Trebizond, and respectively, of Isaac Komnenos' in Cyprus, from the main Roman state)
4. Alexios III should have not mutilated his younger brother Isaac II's eyes. Because Isaac II was mutilated in real history in order to prevent him from reclaiming throne, his son Alexios IV had a deep grudge against uncle Alexios III. Alexios IV's offer to help his imperial claim against his uncle towards the Fourth Crusaders, was used as the pretext for sack of Constantinople and for retaliation against the Massacre of the Latins about two decades ago.
5. Once Alexios III replaced Isaac II and raised to the throne, he should have kept his nephew Alexios IV under close eye/arrest.
6. Michael VIII should have a good relationship with the Church, even if he would endure being rebuked for coupdetat and/or bloodshed by the Patriarch or equivalent, like his predecessors such as Theodosius I(Massacre of Thessalonica ) by Ambrose and Alexios I(coupdetat against Nikephoros III and bloody civil war in Constantinople). In real history he was at odds with the Church, i.e. its representative Patriarch Arsenios, so the people in Asia Minor sympathetic to the House of Laskaris-Vatatzes had become estranged from the restored Roman government in Constantinople under the Palaiologoi.
If only they had someone like Caesar at that time with professional army like his, he would be able to restore borders from 118 ad in 20 years :D
Not really, one thing people don't understand is the Roman's under ceasar was like a modern tank attacking Old school cav. By the 3rd century crisis it was like a modern tank against a 1918 tank. Yes they would still be destroyed but if unaware they can fuck quite a bit up. Then by the fall of the west it was like a 80s tank vs modern. They could trade blow for blow and almost indifferent, however the 80s tanks outnumber the modern considerably. Therefore the modern couldn't handle all of them. But where they could, they kicked their ass. This is how it was basically until the fall under heraclius, where it became everyone on equal standing. Afraid to lose their expensive shiny tank. A lost army crippled a kingdom and the empire. Where even in the 400s AD, a army being wiped wasn't as bad a deal (hurt quite a bit, main issue was manpower not money to equip, as they hired mercy to replace them). I'd like to say they needed a Belasarius, A Majorian, A aetius, Anthemius(western emperor), A stilicho. They could adapt and fight with the armies of 1200s. Especially stilicho and belisarius, who would both be very familiar with the fighting style of turks, And enemies of the empire. And could use those tactics without trying for open field battle.
The location of the empire meant it always had to deal with invasions from every direction....
Did the Byzantine Empire use the phrase SPQR after 476? If so, when did they stop using it?
No the Byzantines never used the term SPQR. The term seems to havedeclined in use during the thrid century as a result of the decreasing significance of the city of Rome in the Roman Empire due to political and military changes. After that the term is not used out side of the city of Rome after the Christianisation of the Empire under Constantine.
@@EasternRomanHistory theres also that one time one of the byzantine emperors called latin a barbaric language
Michael the 8 to me like Isaac the 2nd one victory in 1261 he secured things up so bad to me he shouldn't have taken the throne at all
pain
Palaiologos is not my Dynasty. If only Laskaris Dynasty stayed in power.
True mate they got only 1 victory then kept falling its like the Anglos failer again
First
The Palaiologi could have either Europe or Anatolia, they couldn't have both.
Anatolia made more sense, as well as the aegean coasts of the Balkans. The palailogans wasted a lot of time trying to garner Western support.
the byzantines were no romans, they were greeks,. they were romans as the french are franks.
how, it was literally part of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the west
Ottoman wasn't Islamic Caliphate😠