OLED Displays with Arduino - I2C & SPI OLEDs

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  • čas přidán 1. 07. 2024
  • OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays have a lot of advantages over LCD and traditional LED displays. Today we will learn how to use OLED displays with our Arduino projects. We’ll also build an OLED Temperature and Humidity Meter.
    Article with code: dronebotworkshop.com/oled-ard...
    More articles and tutorials: dronebotworkshop.com
    Join the conversation on the forum: forum.dronebotworkshop.com
    Subscribe to the newsletter and stay in touch: dronebotworkshop.com/subscribe/
    OLED displays a bright, lightweight, and easy to read in almost any lighting condition. They come in all sizes, from huge wall-sized OLED televisions to thumbnail-sized status displays.
    Today we will work with three small OLED displays:
    - A 128x32 monochrome display that uses I2C
    - A 128x64 dual-color display that also uses I2C
    - A Waveshare 1.5 inch 128x128 monochrome display that can use either I2C or SPI
    I’ll explain how an OLED differs from a regular LED and how it is ‘organic”. It doesn’t have anything to do with growing OLEDs without pesticides!
    Next, we’ll look at some I2C OLEDs and experiment with them, using some excellent libraries from Adafruit.
    After that, we will look at a very nice OLED display from Waveshare. It’s the largest display we’ll examine today and it can be used with either I2C or SPI. I will demo it in SPI mode using the demo code provided by Waveshare.
    The example sketches provided with the libraries do a nice job of showing off the display's capabilities but they can be a little overwhelming to reverse-engineer for your own scripts. So to help I‘ve put together a very simple project to display simple text on the display, you can use it as the basis for your own Arduino OLED display projects.
    The project is a temperature and humidity meter that uses the 128 x 64 dual-color OLED as a display. It uses an I2C temperature and humidity sensor so the wiring is super-easy. I'll go over the code for that in detail so you can see how it writes values to the OLED display.
    Here is the Table of Contents for today's video:
    00:00 - Introduction
    02:20 - How OLEDs Work
    06:19 - Look at OLED Displays
    08:50 - OLEDs to Arduino with I2C
    11:45 - Adafruit OLED Library
    18:22 - I2C OLED Demos
    24:27 - Waveshare OLED to Arduino with SPI
    31:38 - OLED Temp & Humidity Meter
    As always there is a detailed article on the DroneBot Workshop website that accompanies this video, you can find it at dbot.ws/oled. It covers everything in the video and you can also download the code for the temperature and humidity meter from the Resources box a the bottom of the article.
    While you are there please sign up for the DroneBot Workshop Newsletter. It’s not a sales letter, it’s my way of keeping in touch with you to let you know about what's coming up in the workshop.
    Lots of changes coming up in the workshop soon so if you haven’t subscribed to the CZcams channel yet please do so you don’t miss out on anything.
    Hope you enjoy the video!
    Bill
  • Jak na to + styl

Komentáře • 636

  • @guyconiglio8223
    @guyconiglio8223 Před rokem +10

    You are a great teacher because you repeat yourself frequently. You guide us through the process like a manual. You also don't confuse learners because you don't over exaggerate. Thank you.

  • @laidman2007
    @laidman2007 Před 5 lety +123

    Your video lectures could serve as examples to instructors in ALL fields. You're right up there with the very best!

    • @josgraha
      @josgraha Před rokem +2

      my feelings exactly, this is just excellence, video editing, background material and practicality, so well done!

    • @bernym4047
      @bernym4047 Před rokem +2

      Cannot agree more.

    • @neurobits
      @neurobits Před rokem

      I dunno, this is entertaining.

    • @Ripen3
      @Ripen3 Před rokem

      Welcome to CZcams, this is default quality here :-)

  • @jlucasound
    @jlucasound Před 5 lety +2

    You are awesome. I learned a lot. Your delivery is exemplary. Your knowledge is paramount. Thank You. I am 56.
    Just ordered more (MM) jumpers and an AM2320 sensor AND an AM2302 sensor module. I have Arduino, breadboards, OLED displays, and power. Thank you for explaining the code so well. You make no assumptions as to how much any individual knows. I would rather say "already know that" than "Oh, what did I miss?". Thanks.

  • @jerryl7173
    @jerryl7173 Před 5 lety +22

    Another amazing video, Bill. Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge with the rest of the world. This channel is what CZcams should be. I teach Special Education, so it’s nice to come onto your channel and try to get some ideas. I’m hoping to make some adaptive equipment or some cool games that the kids might enjoy. Your channel is like nourishment for the brain!

  • @MorrWorm8
    @MorrWorm8 Před 6 měsíci +3

    I just want to take a moment to say your channel is amazing! When you are trying to learn something everyone always skips over things that’s are actually important. Not this channel. It’s soo good! It explains everything. Every stone is turned over. I love it.

  • @JosephStates
    @JosephStates Před 4 lety +1

    Thank you for your command of the English language! Thank you for showing every step! Today is my first day diving in with a nano as I have put it off learning about adrino for months. Now I must get educated to move forward on an invention my wife came up with. I lost a lot of time trying to understand the other guys' videos. I am hoping to get enough info from your videos to not have to watch the others. So thankful!

  • @TheTruthHunters
    @TheTruthHunters Před 4 lety +1

    Thanks to your videos I could go from 0 knowledge to building most of the stuff I had in mind. I bow my head in front of your knowledge. Thank you very much for all your compentent and well presented info.

  • @stevetobias4890
    @stevetobias4890 Před 4 lety +7

    Thanks for another great video. I am loving your tutorials as I am a fresh newbie to the Arduino world. Just bought my starter kit and a 45 set of sensors and now just ordered a few different OLED displays. Again thanks for your time teacher. 👨‍🎓

  • @opalprestonshirley1700
    @opalprestonshirley1700 Před 4 lety +2

    Finally have a good understanding of the OLED's. Many thanks.

  • @brandontechnerd
    @brandontechnerd Před 5 lety +31

    I love that you got over 40 minutes out of this topic, and even used a temperature / humidity sensor.

    • @superabbasalmani6079
      @superabbasalmani6079 Před 3 lety

      The Teacher 🥇🎼💻⏳🍌🍺 of Year 2020 🌈🗺🌍😇🎉

  • @charly4594
    @charly4594 Před 9 měsíci +1

    I am so impressed with this channel as you have helped me immensely in keeping up with Arduino technology and sensors. I recommend you to all of my fellow engineers as well as hobbyists. Your lectures and demos are super clear and precise, with no distractive fluff. Thank You !!!!

  • @richardbell8814
    @richardbell8814 Před 5 lety +5

    There isn't a lesson you put out that I don't learn something from. Thanks for taking the time.

  • @fusion-ux1zz
    @fusion-ux1zz Před 4 lety

    man i like how this guy explain , he though of everyone , slowl earners , not English speakers and what not, you are amazing

  • @krishnamacharyp
    @krishnamacharyp Před 3 lety

    My home is filled with all electronics components , processors and tools . Lots of parallel projects etc.,.. Your channel is of very much use when I get some doubt . Thanks dude!!

  • @johnfrankforther8162
    @johnfrankforther8162 Před 5 lety +1

    Excellent tutorial on OLEDs as a friend and I are just starting to investigate their usage! Lots of great information. Thank you.

  • @mrbourdet
    @mrbourdet Před 5 lety +9

    Well done. Thank you Bill. I was hoping for RGB OLED.

  • @OtherDalfite
    @OtherDalfite Před 3 lety

    Wow, that bit map bit blew my mind. Great video, thank you!

  • @warrenking1815
    @warrenking1815 Před 5 lety

    Excellent job working out the details, as usual. Needed a start point to work with this type of display. Thanks for a another great lesson.

  • @ultraporthos6884
    @ultraporthos6884 Před 4 lety +1

    Great vids ya got. Put me in the camp of "change angles, but less frequent". Other than that, I think you are one of the best on CZcams for beginners to intermediate folks. Keep up the great work.

  • @RCDUDEFPV
    @RCDUDEFPV Před 3 lety

    Some of the best explained material iv seen on CZcams for a long time, and that's before i realised, the best channel to learn Arduino, Thanks for the content

  • @LevyCarneiro
    @LevyCarneiro Před 2 lety

    Your tutorials are very easy to understand, taking us step by step. Thank you very much!

  • @owais818
    @owais818 Před rokem

    This is the best channel for learning microcontrollers . Thank you for all your hard work.

  • @warrenking970
    @warrenking970 Před 5 lety +2

    thank you very much for this tutorial , It helped clear up my problem. I was sending data to the display and not getting the results displaied. I checked out your video and found my problem in the first half of the example, thanks again!

  • @NickCornaglia
    @NickCornaglia Před 5 lety

    Thanks for the video. Enjoyed the history segment and learned a bit about I2C as well.

  • @DJGainmaster
    @DJGainmaster Před 2 lety

    I never ever watched a explanation or "how to" video of this quality. Not even mine. Great Job

  • @brynleyevans8655
    @brynleyevans8655 Před 4 lety

    I enjoyed the instructional video and I am so thankful that you do not have background music. So many presenter’s videos have stupid background music that detracts from the information. You cannot always tell when they are going to play the music so I miss some of the talking after I mute the sound. If I want to listen to music I have my own library. Thanks again for the great video and no music.

  • @myplasticbricks2239
    @myplasticbricks2239 Před 5 lety +1

    Z
    Great video! Looking forward to the next chapter.... Color OLEDS. I really like your history and explanation of the item before you get into the demo. Keep it up!

  • @johnminners4840
    @johnminners4840 Před rokem

    Thanks for the challenge. I used my DHT11 sensor and a small OLED to emulate your results. I had to do a lot of copying and pasting snippets of code from here and there along with a little bit of stuff I stole from this tutorial to make it work. My little OLED prints Temperature in Fahrenheit, as well as Celsius and Humidity. The DHT11 isn't the fastest or the most accurate but it does the job. BTW it took me TWO full days of frustration :). Thanks again for keeping me on my toes. It is much appreciated.

  • @BenStrano
    @BenStrano Před 2 lety +11

    I have been having fun with programming and microprocessors for a few months now, but I have never really grasped a lot of what I was doing. This video drove home so many concepts. I'm going through all of your videos now, because even if they seem beyond my skillset, I know you're going to present them in an approachable way. Kudos!

  • @injoelsgarage3934
    @injoelsgarage3934 Před 4 lety +1

    Thank you for your videos, I'm a noob to arduino and learning how to code in the arduino IDE. Very, informative and professional throughout.
    The time consumed producing these wonderful videos is huge Im sure. Thank you for your time and content! Joel

    • @puneethkumar703
      @puneethkumar703 Před 3 lety

      hi there,
      You can find good OLED 🤖 Arduino projects 🤖 here:
      OLED examples:
      wokwi.com/arduino/libraries/SSD1306Ascii
      Arduino Examples:
      wokwi.com
      I hope you will find this link and examples - from Wokwi Arduino Simulator here:
      👉wokwi.com

  • @interestedinstuff1499
    @interestedinstuff1499 Před 5 lety +9

    You may have read somewhere that changing camera position keeps a video interesting, but I'd suggest that it is interesting because of your content. May have said that the two camera switching thing is a bad idea, and I agree if you switch without it having a meaning. If you need to switch, put a graphic or closeup. Switching between cameras can be used to tell the audience that you've got a side note to add for example, but switching for the sake of it tells them nothing. Camera angle is as much a part of your visual communication as you actual presentation.
    That said, thanks for the information. Very informative.

  • @The88Nomad
    @The88Nomad Před 3 lety

    Look at you! Shifting from camera to the other! Dedication! YESSS!!! Keep up the good, fella!

  • @spikekent
    @spikekent Před 4 lety

    Just found this superb video, thank you. I've just built an OctoPi monitor using an OLED display and D1 mini. Since I ordered a few of them, I was wondering what else to do. Now I have a better understanding of how to do, whatever I decide on. Now I'm off to see what other videos you have 👍

  • @laidman2007
    @laidman2007 Před 2 lety +1

    Always enjoy your workshops.😊

  • @kresimircoric2503
    @kresimircoric2503 Před 4 lety +2

    Once more, excellent video. Greetings from Croatia !

  • @namero999
    @namero999 Před 5 lety +7

    Another amazing video Bill! Your videos are the ones I look the most forward to in my recommendations. Have you ever worked with EEG sensors?

  • @escobar64
    @escobar64 Před 3 lety

    Thanks for sharing this, you have a very clear English (I mean, for us who aren't mother-tongue) and a very instructive style

  • @toniholpers4694
    @toniholpers4694 Před 2 lety

    Thank you for an very educational video (again) I am a Newbie and trying to understand the Arduino electronics and I can't express how well you are helping with your nice and understandable videos THANK YOU

  • @bernym4047
    @bernym4047 Před rokem

    As usual, a very clearly explained tutorial. Many thanks.

  • @mkepler5861
    @mkepler5861 Před 3 lety +3

    thanks Bill, that was a great video tutorial, I gotta buy some oleds a try them out. thanks for the fantastic instructions mike

  • @franknativi
    @franknativi Před 4 lety

    Excellent tutorial. I'm very inspired! Thank you

  • @stuartofblyth
    @stuartofblyth Před 5 lety +4

    Another interesting video. I was presented with an OLED driven by an ESP8266 by my No. 2 Son, and it displayed a suitable Father's Day message. I transferred the components to a breadboard whereupon it stopped working. Thinking I'd blown up the OLED (they're unforgivably polarity-sensitive, apparently) I bought a second one and plugged it into the breadboard. Again, it didn't work. Investigation showed that the pin connections to the two OLEDS were different, so this may be worth bearing in mind - different manufacturers may use different pin arrangements. I thought I'd blown up this second one, too, because of the wrong connections, but closer examination revealed that the negative jumper lead from the ESP8266 to the OLED was open circuit! When this was replaced both displays worked fine. So two lessons learned - always check the pinouts, and don't assume the complicated stuff will fail and overlook basic troubleshooting techniques.

  • @jadeotter3328
    @jadeotter3328 Před 4 lety

    LOOKING ARDUINO MAKES ME HAPPY.
    OLEDs are cool.

  • @gswilder
    @gswilder Před 5 lety

    Great videos. Practical and easy to understand. Thank you

  • @REDACT3D
    @REDACT3D Před 5 lety +8

    Good stuff bud - keep up the good work

  • @604smit
    @604smit Před 5 lety +1

    very well explained, thank you again

  • @Ripen3
    @Ripen3 Před rokem

    Cool that you use it for temperature and RH, which is exactly what I will use it for. This guide couldn't have suited me better.

  • @hadireg
    @hadireg Před 4 lety

    Sir, you're upgrading the world's ppl quality!

  • @anyaplays7150
    @anyaplays7150 Před 4 lety

    Your videos are helping a lot. Thank you!

  • @goodduck4
    @goodduck4 Před 3 lety +1

    Helped a lot with my project, thanks!

  • @upir_upir
    @upir_upir Před 2 lety +1

    This is great video, thank you for putting time and effort into creating those!

  • @audvasa5687
    @audvasa5687 Před 2 lety +1

    This is the best video for me , I really appreciate very much for sharing your knowledge and make the things to be simple for the people like me to understand. Thanks for much.

  • @francoisguyot9770
    @francoisguyot9770 Před 4 lety +16

    I'm getting addicted to your channel. My "LED's" up there have been blinking like crazy since I tuned into it. What a nice way to "waste" my retirement time (and money)

    • @escobar64
      @escobar64 Před 3 lety

      I wish to you lots of money to continue doing this ;)

  • @jamest.5001
    @jamest.5001 Před 3 lety

    I wish I got into this 25 years ago, learning was so much easier then! Great info!.

    • @puneethkumar703
      @puneethkumar703 Před 3 lety

      hi there,
      You can find good 🤖 Arduino projects 🤖 here:
      wokwi.com/arduino/libraries/SSD1306Ascii
      I hope you will find this link and examples - from Wokwi Arduino Simulator here:
      👉wokwi.com
      You can play with the Arduino simulations for the OLED Displays

  • @thenextension9160
    @thenextension9160 Před 3 měsíci

    Really enjoyed the primer and history.

  • @neversaynever5157
    @neversaynever5157 Před 4 lety

    Great video thank you . I learnt a lot from that, now I know what to try out with those parts I have collected over last 5 or so years 👍

  • @acestudioscouk-Ace-G0ACE

    I learnt a lot with this video, thank-you Bill!

  • @alexgonzalez2338
    @alexgonzalez2338 Před 3 lety

    These videos are so professional. Thanks so much

  • @kristofferchristensen232

    Thanks Bill. Very interesting video. Excellent way to explain "how to".

  • @simonbancroft8579
    @simonbancroft8579 Před 4 lety

    Excellent video, thank you. A heads up to anyone using a DHT11 temperature sensor, it does not use I2C, it needs its own digital pin for data.

  • @joelh1880
    @joelh1880 Před 3 lety +1

    Great video. Perfect working room. So cool!

  • @Taran72
    @Taran72 Před 5 lety +1

    thank you for the wonderful video. Your description is very detailed and the code works all the time (this is true for all your videos! :) )

  • @celracing4425
    @celracing4425 Před 7 měsíci +1

    Hi Bill, nice to find your site. I too was struggling to unpack Adafruit's example for a SSD1306 driven OLED. Its very comprehensive, making it a bit complex for someone just starting. I used your example as a starting point and I'm integrating Adafruit's elaborations one at a time to understand them better. First time I've been able to get one working for my uses. I kept going back to their example originally just to see I had the hardware working, but was having a tough time modifying it without blowing up the sketch. Finding your example helped me to see how to drive it effectively. I do have to mention that I think your example seems to have one extra " void setup() { ". It seemed odd, so I commented it out, everything worked as expected. Thanks for the help.

  • @GeorgeWMays
    @GeorgeWMays Před 3 lety +1

    Excellent video. You Sir, do an excellent job at this. Thanks a bunch. It's appreciated.

  • @XIIIStefanC
    @XIIIStefanC Před 2 lety

    I'm very happy that i've found this channel, subscribed!

  • @BobWiersema
    @BobWiersema Před 2 lety

    Thanks for the help with OLD's. I know this is a older video but I'm new to Arduino.

  • @jonnythrive
    @jonnythrive Před 2 lety

    Thank you! Everything explained very clearly!

  • @johnbrandolini2915
    @johnbrandolini2915 Před 4 lety

    I've got several Arduino modules I've been shamelessly neglecting including one that uses the AD9850 DDS. The DDS will generate a stable sine wave up to 30 MHZ and my goal was to create a cheap bench top frequency standard for amateur use. Btw, I am a licensed radio amateur call N1ABE. Anyway creating the standard was a piece of cake. The DDS was an I2C device so the code was trivial. I had entertained the idea of writing a python script to control it but that meant you'd need a PC to use it and I wanted something stand alone. So the question was how to make it compact and not cost a fortune and also come up with a design someone other than me could build. Your tutorial was extremely helpful in explaining how to interface an OLED display to my project. Believe it or not I was able to get a 128x64 .96" I2C monochrome display for $3. One of your other tutorials showed how to implement switches in a resistive ladder configuration which was brilliant. However, I will make my own network since it is a really simple design. I'm an EE by trade but am no stranger to coding and find the sketch walk throughs very helpful. I do have to agree with a lot of the comments that the constant switching of the camera angle is distracting and annoying.

  • @irgski
    @irgski Před 2 lety +2

    Very good, basic edu video! Good job as always.
    I noticed that, for the AM2320 sensor you don’t have to worry about the I2C address…unless it conflicts with the display address.

  • @anonymous.youtuber
    @anonymous.youtuber Před 3 lety

    As usual, a superb video. Thank you so very much. 🙏🏻

  • @raybonz7939
    @raybonz7939 Před rokem

    Excellent, informative, clear and concise video! Thanks!

  • @woutzweers
    @woutzweers Před 4 lety

    Excellent. Especially with the article that comes with it

  • @midlandernc7403
    @midlandernc7403 Před 4 lety +1

    I say it's just fine. And your the best by far. Thanks you make it simple. I believe prototyping is the best way to learn c, c++ and assembly. That leading to higher languages.

  • @Bill-HRT
    @Bill-HRT Před 3 lety

    Thank you for creating these videos.

  • @boulder89984
    @boulder89984 Před 4 lety +70

    Take a shot when the camera angle changes. Good times!

  • @Paddy_Roche
    @Paddy_Roche Před 2 lety

    Brilliant, thank you so much. I’m so glad I found this excellent channel.

  • @luansalja60
    @luansalja60 Před 3 lety

    Allways great videos !!! Maximum Respect !!! i learn so much and so easy to understand ...

  • @ovi_4
    @ovi_4 Před 4 lety

    Very instructional video. Thank you very much. Good effort.

  • @KarimBab
    @KarimBab Před 5 lety +1

    I love the way you talk

  • @ProGamer-kr5tn
    @ProGamer-kr5tn Před 5 lety

    Amazing Video.... Was waiting for a video all week.... You should post videos more frequently!!👍

  • @nigeldupaigel
    @nigeldupaigel Před 5 lety +20

    Amazing videos. You don't have to switch between angles of frame, unless that explicitly relates to a subject. For example, theory angle 1 and practice angle 2.

    • @markc9871
      @markc9871 Před 4 lety +5

      I don't have any issues switching up views. Television does it all the time and it kind of humanizes the subject so you don't become a talking head. These workshops are so valuable, what a public service you are doing. Can not thank you enough.

    • @alejandroperez5368
      @alejandroperez5368 Před 3 lety

      Shut the hell up, man. He has to do what he feels like doing. Also, changing camera views prevents OLED burn-in when viewing long videos like this one.

  • @driftsamurai29
    @driftsamurai29 Před 2 lety

    wow why does this video not have more views or likes? this is brilliant thank you!

  • @joelevi9823
    @joelevi9823 Před 4 lety

    just saying i love your videos. they are helping me so much

  • @yannmassard3970
    @yannmassard3970 Před 6 měsíci

    What I like about ur videos is, since i m getting interested in electronics, I find myself feeling the code of whenI was young, 35 years ago lol.

  • @joshneely5412
    @joshneely5412 Před 3 lety

    Very well explained. Great content as always.

  • @daanranod2932
    @daanranod2932 Před 4 lety

    Thanks for the clear explanation.

  • @cw4608
    @cw4608 Před 4 lety

    I do see the star, very interesting. Thank you for the excellent explanation of how OLEDs work.

    • @puneethkumar703
      @puneethkumar703 Před 3 lety

      hi there,
      You can find good 🤖 Arduino projects 🤖 here:
      wokwi.com/arduino/libraries/SSD1306Ascii
      I hope you will find this link and examples - from Wokwi Arduino Simulator here:
      👉wokwi.com
      Play with the simulations as much as you want, for free :)

  • @AndrewAkaHrun
    @AndrewAkaHrun Před 3 lety

    Awesome workshop! Thanks a lot!

  • @pionyir
    @pionyir Před 3 lety

    This is a very great tutorial. Thanks for sharing.

  • @Giblet535
    @Giblet535 Před 5 lety +6

    SPI is a bus protocol. You don't need two SPI ports to run two displays. It's possible to run lots of SPI displays from an Arduino, as long as the display has a CS connection, you have a free GPIO pin to select the display, and the display library differentiates display objects by the CS pin value you defined. They can even be different display types with different clock (SCK) speeds and resolutions. On the 32 bit boards e.g., Teensy, it's possible to animate as many as four 320x200 displays, separately, at the same time with acceptable results, using one SPI port.

    • @davidzatica408
      @davidzatica408 Před 9 měsíci

      Surely you cant use the same SPI port as SPI is synchronous, and will relay the same information from it’s MOSI pin to every peripheral with the chip select set to low? If you wanted to send different information to different screens at the same time, wouldn’t you then need different SPI ports? Also I doubt you can have different clock speeds if every peripheral shares the same clock connection. I’m still new to electronics so correct me if I’m wrong haha

  • @Billingtano
    @Billingtano Před 3 lety

    I can see the matrix now. I am the One. Thanks for the great tutorial!

  • @Lunolux
    @Lunolux Před 4 lety

    great video, i need to go to sleep now lol, i spend a lot of time today in this channel, what a great channel, thanks

  • @ObsequiousV4
    @ObsequiousV4 Před 2 lety

    Nice and detailed. Thanks for this!

  • @bertpierey3655
    @bertpierey3655 Před 6 měsíci

    Wow thanks. This is a great tutorial on displays. 👍

  • @TheSauerland
    @TheSauerland Před 3 lety

    Thank you for the very good explanations

  • @HeiderSati
    @HeiderSati Před 3 lety

    Great Tutorial, thank you for your time, keep up the great work, thanks

  • @stephenremillard9462
    @stephenremillard9462 Před 5 lety

    Thanks for great video it is filled with lots of useful information.
    The camera switching is not necessary and slightly annoying

  • @andrewk6008
    @andrewk6008 Před 3 lety

    thank you so much for this video. great job.

  • @poepflater
    @poepflater Před 3 lety

    deserves a thumbs up

  • @datpudding5338
    @datpudding5338 Před 3 lety +2

    Finally, someone who explains it for mere humans! May the gods bless him 🙏