Bituminous(BT) Road Construction||Road Construction Process

#bituminousroad #construction #thaarroad
Asphalt, Bitumen and Tar are hydrocarbons, termed as bituminous materials.
Asphalt and bitumen are petroleum products, whereas tar is a dark coloured product collected from destructive distillation of organic substances like coal, wood or bituminous rocks.
These materials have been using since the Indus Valley Civilization period. They are preferred very much in building and road constructions.
Asphalt
Asphalt is defined as a mixture of bitumen (as binding material) with a substantial proportion of inert minerals like sand, gravel and crushed stone.
It is blackish-brown in colour, available in a solid-state at low temperature and in liquid form from 50°C and above temperatures. Asphalt appears in nature as natural deposits in many regions and also manufactured artificially too.
Types of Asphalt
The following are the types of asphalt-
Natural Asphalt: There are two varieties of natural asphalt - Lake asphalt and Rock asphalt. Lake asphalt occurs as fossil deposits in places like lakes in Trinidad at depths of 3 to 60 m. It constitutes 40 to 70 % pure bitumen with about 30 % water content in it.
Natural Asphalt
In some countries, certain rocks contain bonding bitumen in the form of rocks that are preferred to use in road works after slight heating.
Residual Asphalt: It is obtained from distillation of crude petroleum oil with an aspheric base.
Residual Asphalt
Mastic Asphalt: It is also known as artificial asphalt, prepared by mixing the required minerals like limestone, dust, fine and coarse aggregates with black bitumen heated to a liquid form.
Applying Mastic Cement
On cooling, it combines to a hard elastic block. It is reheated on sites and used for waterproofing works, pavements in building construction. Mastic asphalt is durable, tough, damp proof, non-absorbent, non-inflammable and noiseless.
Asphalt Cement: It is a blend of both bitumen and asphalt with flux oils having adhesive qualities suitable for making mastic asphalt. It is preferred to use in the manufacture of bituminous pavements.
Asphalt Cement Road Example
Cutback Asphalt: It is available in a liquid state with a combination of asphalt cement and petroleum solvent. They are used in bituminous paints, repairing roofs, etc., because they reduce asphalt viscosity for lower temperatures.
Cutback Cement
Asphalt Emulsion: It is a suspension of small asphalt cement globules in 50 to 60% of the water in 1% emulsifying agent (such as soap). They are used for low temperatures like tack coats, fog seals, slurry seals, bituminous surface treatments and for stabilizing material.

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